The Impact of Sea Level Rise on Roadway Design and Evacuation Routes in Delaware

As the global temperature continues to increase, the sea level continues to rise at a rapid rate that has never been seen before. This becomes an issue for many facets of life but one of the most impacted is the transportation infrastructure. Many people living in low elevation coastal areas can become trapped by flooding with no way in or out. With Delaware being a coastal state, this would affect a large portion of the population and will have detrimental effects over time if nothing is done to combat sea level rise. The issue with sea level rise in transportation is that once the roads become flooded, they become virtually unusable and detour routes would be needed. If all the roads in a coastal area were to be affected by sea level rise, the options for detours would become limited. This article looks at direct solutions to combat sea level rise and indirect solutions that would specifically help transportation infrastructure and evacuation routes in Delaware. There is not one solution that can fix every problem, so many solutions are laid out to see what is applicable to each affected area. Some solutions include defense structures that would be put close to the coast, raising the elevation of vulnerable roads throughout the state and including pumping stations to drain the water on the surface of the road. With an understanding of all these solutions around the world, the ultimate conclusion came in the form of a six-step plan that Delaware should take in order to best design against sea level rise in these coastal areas.

Expressway Route and Interchange Design

With the rapid development of the socio-economy and the growing demand for transportation,highways have become an indispensable and important part of the modern transportation network.The design of highway routes and interchanges is a key link in highway construction,which directly affects the efficiency,safety,and traffic smoothness of highways.Based on this,this article analyzes in detail the highway route design and the design of two common interchanges,in order to improve the highway route design and the quality and efficiency of highway construction.

Strategies for Ramp Route Design of Highway Interchange

The rapid advancement of urban transportation in modern China has driven urban economic developments.However,the progressively congested traffic conditions have affected the productivity and daily life of the people.To mitigate the congestion problem,necessary road designs should be implemented along the highways,for example highway interchanges.The application of highway interchanges in past cases have proven to effectively avoid traffic flow conflicts,reduce highway traffic congestion,and reduce traffic accidents,this is conducive to ensuring the safety and efficiency of the highway.In order to improve the safety and convenience of urban road traffic,this paper analyzes the strategy of using interchange ramp route designs for highway traffic.

Analysis of Roadbed Pavement Designs for Highway Reconstruction and Upgrading

This paper focuses on the route and roadbed pavement design in highway reconstruction and upgrading projects.It discusses the importance of project design for highway reconstruction and upgrading,highlighting key aspects of route design and roadbed pavement design.The analysis reveals that the main design considerations in these projects include controlling factors of route reconstruction,expansion,and upgrading,as well as route plan design and longitudinal section design combined with roadbed pavement.In roadbed pavement design,it is crucial for designers to thoroughly collect existing data and make reasonable use of the current roadbed and pavement to develop a comprehensive design scheme.This analysis aims to provide a reference for the reasonable design of such projects.

Research on the Harmony between Route Design of and Landscapes along Highway

Through analyzing landscape environment which is the principal factor to be considered in the route design of highway,principles to be followed by the highway route design are proposed,and approaches of maintaining the harmony between route design and landscape along the highway under different conditions are discussed.

Energy-constrained ferry route design for sparse wireless sensor networks

In recent years,using message ferries as mechanical carriers of data has been shown to be an effective way to collect information in sparse wireless sensor networks.As the sensors are far away from each other in such highly partitioned scenario,a message ferry needs to travel a long route to access all the sensors and carry the data collected from the sensors to the sink.Typically,practical constraints(e.g.,the energy)preclude a ferry from visiting all sensors in a single tour.In such case,the ferry can only access part of the sensors in each tour and move back to the sink to get the energy refilled.So,the energy-constrained ferry route design(ECFRD)problem is discussed,which leads to the optimization problem of minimizing the total route length of the ferry,while keeping the route length of each tour below a given constraint.The ECFRD problem is proved to be NP-hard problem,and the integer linear programming(ILP)formulation is given.After that,efficient heuristic algorithms are proposed to solve this problem.The experimental results show that the performances of the proposed algorithms are effective in practice compared to the optimal solution.

Route design and automatic check in electronic chart display and information system

For an electronic chart display and information system (ECDIS), the most important function is the route design. In this paper, a novel approach to developing ECDIS was given and then an effective method was proposed for route design and automatic check. The mathematical model and logical relationship for coordinate transformation were also provided. They were adopted in ECDIS developing, which was based on the researeh of the Vxworks real-time operating system. The actual system application implies that the method is practical and can help navigation very well.

An Ant Colony Algorithm Based on Cross-Layer Design for Routing and Wavelength Assignment in Optical Satellite Networks

This paper introduces an ant colony routing and wavelength assignment algorithm based on cross-layer design(CL-ACRWA),which can overcome the adverse effects of Doppler wavelength shift on data transmission in optical satellite networks. Firstly, a cross-layer optimization model is built, which considers the Doppler wavelength shift, the transmission delay as well as wavelength-continuity constraint. Then an ant colony algorithm is utilized to solve the cross-layer optimization model, resulting in finding an optimal light path satisfying the above constraints for every connection request. The performance of CL-ACRWA is measured by the communication success probability, the convergence property and the transmission delay. Simulation results show that CL-ACRWA performs well in communication success probability and has good global search ability as well as fast convergence speed. Meanwhile, the transmission delay can meet the basic requirement of real-time transmission of business.

Designing Container Shipping Routes for Heterogeneous Fleet for Coastal Services

Shipping companies operating liner services keep facing a high level of competition because of the increasing demand for these operators to provide fast, efficient, effective and reliable service. It is challenging for these liner operators to offer such services and still be competitive without strategic planning. It, therefore, makes planning and scheduling of shipping routes essential for the smooth operation of liner ships, especially shipping lines operating heterogeneously mixed size fleets. This paper aims to solve a heterogeneously mixed size fleet problem by using an operation research method with the implementation of linear programming to develop optimal shipping routes for a fleet of five vessels serving six coastal ports to get optimal results. An optimal solution to the problem is found with only two routes selected as the optimal shipping routes out of four routes that are considered. The results also showed that a vessel can be assigned to multiple shipping routes.

Application of Campbell Model in the Design of Tourist Routes： A Case Study of Rizhao City

Tourist route design is essential to the scenic spot planning and tour route design. In this paper, four elements of tourist route design were identified to form the list of tourist route design principle. Based on the analysis of Campbell model, four-point inspiration for tourist route design was summarized, a Campbell model-based schematic of the tourist route design of Rizhao was formed grounded on the analysis of tourism resources and service facilities in Rizhao, so as to explore the optimal way of the tourist route design.

Designing Fano-Like Quantum Routing via Atomic Dipole-Dipole Interactions

Fano-like quantum routing of single photons in a system with two waveguides coupled to two collocated atoms is investigated theoretically. Using a full quantum theory in real space, photonic scattering amplitudes along four ports of the waveguide network are analytically obtained. It is shown that, by adjusting the atomic dipole-dipole interaction, an evident Fano-line shape emerges in the scattering spectra of the single-dot configuration system. Moreover, Fano resonance can also be achieved by varying the atom-waveguide coupling strength and atomic detuning, in the presence of the atomic dipole-dipole interaction. Therefore, the atomic dipole-dipole interaction may be utilized as a possible way to control spectral Fano-like resonance. The feasibility with the experimental waveguide channels is also discussed.

Cross-Layer Design Based Optimized Link State Routing Protocol for Wireless Mesh Networks

A proactive routing protocol CL-OLSR （cross-layer based optimized link state routing） by using a brand-new routing metric CLM （cross-layer metric） is proposed. CL-OLSR takes into account four link quality impact factors in route calculation through the cross-layer operation mechanism： the node available bandwidth, the node load, the link delivery rate, and the link interference, and thus the effect of route selection is optimized greatly. The simulation results show that the proposed CL-OLSR protocol can not only improve the network throughput to a large extent, but also reduce the end-to-end delay, while achieving load balance route results.

Dynamic routing and wavelength assignment algorithm of optical satellite networks based on cross-layer design

In order to overcome the adverse effects of Doppler wavelength shift on data transmission in the optical satellite networks,a dynamic routing and wavelength assignment algorithm based on crosslayer design( CL-DRWA) is introduced which can improve robustness of the network. Above all,a cross-layer optimization model is designed,which considers transmission delay and wavelength-continuity constraint,as well as Doppler wavelength shift. Then CL-DRWA is applied to solve this model,resulting in finding an optimal light path satisfying the above constraints for every connection request. In CL-DRWA,Bellman-Ford method is used to find an optimal route and a distributed relative capacity loss method is implemented to get an optimal wavelength assignment result on the optimal route. Moreover,compared with the dynamic routing and wavelength assignment algorithm based on minimum delay strategy( MD-DRWA),CL-DRWA can make an improvement of 5. 3% on the communication success probability. Meanwhile,CL-DRWA can meet the requirement of transmission delay for real-time services.

一种基于模式布线的柔性电路板布线规划算法

为解决柔性电路板整板自动化布线算法布线效率低、布线效果较差的问题,提出基于模式布线的柔性电路板布线规划算法,采用模式布线近似拟合详细布线,缩小详细布线和布线规划之间的精度误差。同时,根据人工经验设计4种布线模式和若干扇出模式,模拟扇出区内部资源分配和扇出区间排列组合可能出现的情况。针对层分配问题,设计了根据当前布线结果以及未来对其他线网的影响综合评价的层分配算法,针对通道区不允许打孔的约束,根据通道连接扇出区的位置顺序求得通道内布线线网拓扑不交叉序列,并作为分割线上过点位置排列顺序约束。最后,综合比较每个模式下的结果,选择代价最小的结果作为最终布线规划的结果。使用多个工业用例进行测试,实验结果表明,与已有柔性电路板布线规划算法相比,本文布线规划算法可以提升详细布线效率和布线结果。

高性能自研处理器物理设计频率提升方法

提升处理器核的频率是提升处理器性能的重要手段.传统的物理设计流程难以实现高主频的处理器核.基于业界主流的布局布线工具,通过嵌入手工定制部件的网表、逻辑和物理设计协同优化、优化定制布线规则、优化物理设计方法学等组合策略.在相同工艺、面积、功耗对等条件下,达到流片签核要求时,自研处理器核物理设计频率比原始设计可提升约30%.

陆路交通基础设施勘察设计智能化路径探讨

研究目的:陆路交通基础设施勘察设计全流程智能化是提高勘察设计效率、质量,引领行业变革的必经之路。为加快推进勘察设计智能化的进程和一体化需要,本文从勘察设计业务流程出发,覆盖铁路、公路两大行业共性技术领域,包括测绘、勘察、选线、路基、桥梁、隧道六大专业,从技术研究、标准建设、平台研发三个方面,对陆路交通基础设施勘察设计智能化路径进行探讨。研究结论:(1)陆路交通基础设施勘察设计智能化可采用以流程为主线、以数据为核心、以智能技术为驱动、以软件平台为载体的总体技术架构,重点攻克“智能测绘、智能勘察、智能选线、智能设计”4套智能关键技术,建立数字化、智能化标准,研发智能勘察设计平台与交付平台,形成陆路交通基础设施智能勘察设计技术体系;(2)4套智能关键技术可实现从基于北斗地基/星基增强服务的基础设施空间地理与地质信息快速获取、多源数据融合及三维数字化表达、多目标智能优化选线、关键构造物设计方案智能决策、数字化建模与集成设计等方面突破;(3)数字化、智能化标准体系构建是从勘察设计数据体系结构、数据存储、数据传递、智能设计要求与算法、成果交付等维度开展标准化研究;(4)智能勘察设计平台与交付平台研发是基于统一的数据与平台架构,采用自主图形引擎,可实现陆路交通智能勘察设计和成果交付,支撑陆路交通基础设施勘察设计领域高质量发展。

全向轮式分拣装置货物移动轨迹模块化设计

全向轮式分拣装置通过对分拣平台上均布的各个全向轮进行独立及有选择性的速度控制,可实现以不同速度沿不同轨迹输送货物。文章提出一种全向轮式分拣装置货物移动轨迹的模块化设计方法,实现货物在分拣平台上沿任意指定路线灵活输送。将货物在分拣平台上的任意轨迹移动分解为直线段与圆弧段2种轨迹的不同组合;分别对直线段和圆弧段进行轨迹移动模块化设计,输入各段起点和终点的位置及速度等初始化参数,模块自动完成货物移动质心轨迹生成、货物移动扫掠面计算、扫掠面界内全向轮判断以及界内全向轮速度计算;最后,通过直线轨迹移动段与圆弧轨迹移动段的不同组合搭建货物分拣与堆码轨迹,对全向轮式分拣装置货物移动轨迹模块化设计方法进行试验测试。结果表明,文章提出的模块化设计方法大大降低了全向轮式分拣装置货物输送控制设计的难度。

A Contention-Based MAC and Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network

Advance development of wireless technologies and micro-sensor systems have enabled Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) to emerge as a leading solution in many crucial sensor-based applications. WSN deploys numerous resource-constrained sensor nodes which have limited power supply, memory and computation capability in a harsh environment. Inefficient routing strategy results in degraded network performance in terms of reliability, latency and energy efficiency. In this paper, a cross-layer design, Contention-based MAC and Routing protocol is proposed, termed Contention/SNIR-Based Forwarding (CSBF) protocol. CSBF utilizes the geographical information of sensor nodes to effectively guide the routing direction towards destination node, thereby enhancing reliability. Furthermore, Signal-to-Noise-plus-Interference Ratio (SNIR) metric is used as a routing parameter to guarantee high quality link for data transmission. A Contention-Winner Relay scheme is utilized to reduce the delays caused by the contention procedure. Energy efficiency is also improved by introducing sleep mode technique in CSBF. The simulation work is carried out via OMNeT++ network simulator. The performance of CSBF is compared with other existing routing protocols such as AODV and DSDV in terms of packet delivery ratio (PDR), average end-to-end (ETE) delay and energy consumption per packet. Simulation results highlight that CSBF outperforms AODV and DSDV protocols in respect of PDR and energy efficiency. CSBF also has the most consistent overall network performance.

综合有机合成实验苯佐卡因的课程思政设计

将传统的合成路线和条件都给定的综合有机实验“苯佐卡因的合成”,改造成路线可设计、条件可优化的创新性实验。学生通过文献调研、综合分析以及评估合成策略和具体实验条件,提出兼顾宏观(路线)和微观(具体条件)的改进实验方案,规避原实验的局限性和不足。根据学生专业和培养方案的不同,开放部分或全部“权限”给学生,从不同层级原料出发,设计绿色、高效的合成路线,确定具体的实验方案;或根据建议路线,调整和优化实验条件,使学生在得到基础实验操作技能训练的基础上,其绿色、高效、可持续发展的合成理念也得到进一步升华。鼓励学生运用科学思维,将学科前沿成果引入实验实践中,培养学生科学创新能力。引导学生从全局出发,提升团队合作意识和能力。

基于改进蚁群优化算法的船舶管路布局设计

为了实现在多种约束和目标限制下,能以较短时间为工程师提供多种优质船舶布管方案,提出一种基于改进蚁群优化算法的新型船舶管路布局设计方法。该方法基于网格空间分解模型,将适应度函数中的优化目标进行规范化,对蚁群优化算法的关键步骤,如:蚂蚁行进方向选择、信息素更新机制、蚂蚁寻路过程等进行改进,采用最优解集合保存适应度相同但管路布局效果不同的多个优解,引入辅助点策略和并行计算机制提升算法整体寻优能力和效率。通过仿真算例验证了算法的有效性和先进性。