针对低功耗有损网络(Low Power and Lossy Network,LLN)中移动节点作为中继节点时,存在无线链路易断开、数据传输成功率较低和控制开销较高的问题,提出了一种快速低开销的移动节点分布式寻路RPL路由协议(Mobile Node Distributed Pathfi...针对低功耗有损网络(Low Power and Lossy Network,LLN)中移动节点作为中继节点时,存在无线链路易断开、数据传输成功率较低和控制开销较高的问题,提出了一种快速低开销的移动节点分布式寻路RPL路由协议(Mobile Node Distributed Pathfinding RPL Routing Protocol,MNA-RPL)。首先,提出一种邻居表自适应更新机制,依据邻居表快速切换父节点;其次,提出一种父子节点双断开机制,能够有效减少数据包丢失;最后,提出一种基于速度动态管理的Trickle计时器,根据自身速度动态调整DIO广播周期。理论分析和仿真结果表明,与主流路由协议相比,该协议在数据传输和控制开销等方面的性能均有一定的提升。展开更多
The routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks(RPL),standardized by Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF),is mainly designed to use for Low-power and Lossy Networks(LLNs).To solve the problems of several import...The routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks(RPL),standardized by Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF),is mainly designed to use for Low-power and Lossy Networks(LLNs).To solve the problems of several important routing metrics are not evaluated,the optimal path may contain long single hop links,lack of scientific multi-routing metrics evaluation method and mechanism to balance the parent child number(especially the parent with one hop away from root),this paper proposes an improved RPL algorithm for LLN(I-RPL).First of all,we propose the evaluated routing metrics:child number of parent,candidate parent number,hop count,ETX and energy consumption index.Meanwhile,we improve the path ETX calculation method to avoid selecting optimal path containing long single hop links.Then we design a novel lexical method to synthetically evaluate candidate parents.Meanwhile,based on the evaluation results of candidate parents,we design a novel objective function and a new calculation node rank method which can also be used for selecting the optimal path.Finally,evaluation results show that I-RPL outperforms ETXOF and several other improvements in terms of packet delivery ratio,latency,etc.展开更多
Internet of Things(IoT)empowers imaginative applications and permits new services when mobile nodes are included.For IoT-enabled low-power and lossy networks(LLN),the Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks(...Internet of Things(IoT)empowers imaginative applications and permits new services when mobile nodes are included.For IoT-enabled low-power and lossy networks(LLN),the Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks(RPL)has become an established standard routing protocol.Mobility under standard RPL remains a difficult issue as it causes continuous path disturbance,energy loss,and increases the end-to-end delay in the network.In this unique circumstance,a Balanced-load and Energy-efficient RPL(BE-RPL)is proposed.It is a routing technique that is both energy-efficient and mobility-aware.It responds quicker to link breakage through received signal strength-based mobility monitoring and selecting a new preferred parent reactively.The proposed system also implements load balancing among stationary nodes for leaf node allocation.Static nodes with more leaf nodes are restricted from participating in the election for a new preferred parent.The performance of BE-RPL is assessed using the COOJA simulator.It improves the energy use,network control overhead,frame acknowledgment ratio,and packet delivery ratio of the network.展开更多
低功率低损耗网络路由(Routing Protocol for low power and Lossy network,RPL)是无线物联网的典型路由。由于未采用集中安全机制,RPL路由易受女巫攻击。为此,提出基于接收信号强度的防御女巫攻击的RPL路由(RSSI-based against Sybil a...低功率低损耗网络路由(Routing Protocol for low power and Lossy network,RPL)是无线物联网的典型路由。由于未采用集中安全机制,RPL路由易受女巫攻击。为此,提出基于接收信号强度的防御女巫攻击的RPL路由(RSSI-based against Sybil attack RPL,RSPL)。RSPL路由通过统计接收信号的强度值,并结合邻居节点的观察,估算节点可信度,进而检测攻击节点。同时,利用链路的传输期望次数和链路信任值修改RPL路由中的目标函数,进而阻止攻击节点参与路由。性能分析表明,相比同类算法,提出的RSPL路由降低了检测攻击节点的误检率,提高了数据包传递率。展开更多
无线传感器路由协议由于受到硬件的限制,节点的能量、处理能力、存储能力都受到极大的制约.RPL(Routing Protocol for Low pow er and Lossy Netw orks)协议是工作在IPV6无线传感器网络网络层的路由协议,由IETF(Internet Engineering Ta...无线传感器路由协议由于受到硬件的限制,节点的能量、处理能力、存储能力都受到极大的制约.RPL(Routing Protocol for Low pow er and Lossy Netw orks)协议是工作在IPV6无线传感器网络网络层的路由协议,由IETF(Internet Engineering Task Force)的ROLL(Routing Over Low-pow er and Lossy netw orks)工作组专门为低功耗有损网络而提出的距离矢量路由协议.详细介绍AODV路由协议,阐述了RPL路由协议的相关术语、协议原理和拓扑结构;利用Contiki操作系统和其自带的仿真器Cooja模拟了RPL路由协议的运行过程,包含采用3种控制消息进行向上路由和向下路由的建立的过程,RPL路由协议的拓扑构建过程,数据包路由过程和Trickle定时器的应用;通过与传统WSN路由协议AODV在数据递交率、端到端时延等性能参数的仿真对比,验证RPL路由协议在低功耗有损网络中具有较高的性能.展开更多
目前基于能量均衡的低功耗有损网络路由协议RPL(Routing Protocol for Lowpower and lossy networks)在网络拓扑构建的过程中由于未考虑备选父节点上一跳节点的期望寿命,从而导致所构建的网络不能较好地实现能量均衡的问题。对此提出一...目前基于能量均衡的低功耗有损网络路由协议RPL(Routing Protocol for Lowpower and lossy networks)在网络拓扑构建的过程中由于未考虑备选父节点上一跳节点的期望寿命,从而导致所构建的网络不能较好地实现能量均衡的问题。对此提出一种基于期望寿命的能量均衡RPL(Expected Life Time-based Energy Balance RPL,ELT-EB-RPL)。构造一种复合路由判据,包括传输跳数、期望传输次数和节点期望寿命,同时,节点在选择最优父节点时需综合考虑其备选父节点及备选父节点上一跳节点的期望寿命。在不增加额外控制开销的前提下,提出一种“节点间期望寿命信息通告”策略,以便节点作出正确的路由选择。通过仿真实验对该方案的性能进行了对比分析。结果表明,在不同发包速率下该方案能够有效实现能量均衡和延长网络寿命。展开更多
在RPL(routing protocol for LLN)协议应用于农田墒情监测传感网络的过程中,保证网络中的节点能够长期有效工作成为关键问题。为此,设计了一种基于间隔更新思想的控制算法IUTA,对在一致性和不一致性事件发生时的处理机制进行了改进。在...在RPL(routing protocol for LLN)协议应用于农田墒情监测传感网络的过程中,保证网络中的节点能够长期有效工作成为关键问题。为此,设计了一种基于间隔更新思想的控制算法IUTA,对在一致性和不一致性事件发生时的处理机制进行了改进。在网络中节点复杂度变化的情况下,通过Cooja实验仿真模拟了网络中节点传递数据节省的功耗以及成功率两者动态变化的过程。结果表明,IUTA有效降低网络中节点传输功耗,同时对数据传输成功率影响甚微。展开更多
由于低功耗有损网络LLN (low power and lossy networks)呈树形结构且节点的能量受限,一旦网络中出现能量瓶颈节点而未及时处理,将会严重影响网络各方面性能。因此提出一种基于负载均衡的高能效LLN路由协议。当检测出能量瓶颈节点后,对...由于低功耗有损网络LLN (low power and lossy networks)呈树形结构且节点的能量受限,一旦网络中出现能量瓶颈节点而未及时处理,将会严重影响网络各方面性能。因此提出一种基于负载均衡的高能效LLN路由协议。当检测出能量瓶颈节点后,对溪流计时器重置策略进行改进,及时将能量瓶颈节点能量不足的状态通告给其子节点。提出一种能量瓶颈节点子节点的切换机制,旨在降低能量瓶颈节点的能耗速率,实现节点高能效。仿真结果表明,该方法在网络生存时间和节点死亡率等性能方面优于现有路由算法,其中网络平均生存时间延长了10.53%,节点死亡率降低了18.59%。展开更多
低功耗有损网络LLNs(Low-Power and Lossy Networks)中,RPL路由协议可以减少能耗和延长网络生命周期,但是负载的不均衡严重影响了RPL路由协议的性能。据此,提出了一种优化的RPL路由协议—WLB-RPL。该协议以节点剩余能量以及节点平均邻...低功耗有损网络LLNs(Low-Power and Lossy Networks)中,RPL路由协议可以减少能耗和延长网络生命周期,但是负载的不均衡严重影响了RPL路由协议的性能。据此,提出了一种优化的RPL路由协议—WLB-RPL。该协议以节点剩余能量以及节点平均邻居距离为权重计算剩余级别,并通过动态调整通信半径完成路由构建,以均衡能量。仿真结果表明,改进后的路由协议可以对之前的负载均衡进行更好的优化,达到了理想的效果。展开更多
基金supported by Doctoral Research Project of Tianjin Normal University 52XB2101。
文摘The routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks(RPL),standardized by Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF),is mainly designed to use for Low-power and Lossy Networks(LLNs).To solve the problems of several important routing metrics are not evaluated,the optimal path may contain long single hop links,lack of scientific multi-routing metrics evaluation method and mechanism to balance the parent child number(especially the parent with one hop away from root),this paper proposes an improved RPL algorithm for LLN(I-RPL).First of all,we propose the evaluated routing metrics:child number of parent,candidate parent number,hop count,ETX and energy consumption index.Meanwhile,we improve the path ETX calculation method to avoid selecting optimal path containing long single hop links.Then we design a novel lexical method to synthetically evaluate candidate parents.Meanwhile,based on the evaluation results of candidate parents,we design a novel objective function and a new calculation node rank method which can also be used for selecting the optimal path.Finally,evaluation results show that I-RPL outperforms ETXOF and several other improvements in terms of packet delivery ratio,latency,etc.
文摘Internet of Things(IoT)empowers imaginative applications and permits new services when mobile nodes are included.For IoT-enabled low-power and lossy networks(LLN),the Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks(RPL)has become an established standard routing protocol.Mobility under standard RPL remains a difficult issue as it causes continuous path disturbance,energy loss,and increases the end-to-end delay in the network.In this unique circumstance,a Balanced-load and Energy-efficient RPL(BE-RPL)is proposed.It is a routing technique that is both energy-efficient and mobility-aware.It responds quicker to link breakage through received signal strength-based mobility monitoring and selecting a new preferred parent reactively.The proposed system also implements load balancing among stationary nodes for leaf node allocation.Static nodes with more leaf nodes are restricted from participating in the election for a new preferred parent.The performance of BE-RPL is assessed using the COOJA simulator.It improves the energy use,network control overhead,frame acknowledgment ratio,and packet delivery ratio of the network.
文摘低功率低损耗网络路由(Routing Protocol for low power and Lossy network,RPL)是无线物联网的典型路由。由于未采用集中安全机制,RPL路由易受女巫攻击。为此,提出基于接收信号强度的防御女巫攻击的RPL路由(RSSI-based against Sybil attack RPL,RSPL)。RSPL路由通过统计接收信号的强度值,并结合邻居节点的观察,估算节点可信度,进而检测攻击节点。同时,利用链路的传输期望次数和链路信任值修改RPL路由中的目标函数,进而阻止攻击节点参与路由。性能分析表明,相比同类算法,提出的RSPL路由降低了检测攻击节点的误检率,提高了数据包传递率。
文摘无线传感器路由协议由于受到硬件的限制,节点的能量、处理能力、存储能力都受到极大的制约.RPL(Routing Protocol for Low pow er and Lossy Netw orks)协议是工作在IPV6无线传感器网络网络层的路由协议,由IETF(Internet Engineering Task Force)的ROLL(Routing Over Low-pow er and Lossy netw orks)工作组专门为低功耗有损网络而提出的距离矢量路由协议.详细介绍AODV路由协议,阐述了RPL路由协议的相关术语、协议原理和拓扑结构;利用Contiki操作系统和其自带的仿真器Cooja模拟了RPL路由协议的运行过程,包含采用3种控制消息进行向上路由和向下路由的建立的过程,RPL路由协议的拓扑构建过程,数据包路由过程和Trickle定时器的应用;通过与传统WSN路由协议AODV在数据递交率、端到端时延等性能参数的仿真对比,验证RPL路由协议在低功耗有损网络中具有较高的性能.
文摘目前基于能量均衡的低功耗有损网络路由协议RPL(Routing Protocol for Lowpower and lossy networks)在网络拓扑构建的过程中由于未考虑备选父节点上一跳节点的期望寿命,从而导致所构建的网络不能较好地实现能量均衡的问题。对此提出一种基于期望寿命的能量均衡RPL(Expected Life Time-based Energy Balance RPL,ELT-EB-RPL)。构造一种复合路由判据,包括传输跳数、期望传输次数和节点期望寿命,同时,节点在选择最优父节点时需综合考虑其备选父节点及备选父节点上一跳节点的期望寿命。在不增加额外控制开销的前提下,提出一种“节点间期望寿命信息通告”策略,以便节点作出正确的路由选择。通过仿真实验对该方案的性能进行了对比分析。结果表明,在不同发包速率下该方案能够有效实现能量均衡和延长网络寿命。
文摘在RPL(routing protocol for LLN)协议应用于农田墒情监测传感网络的过程中,保证网络中的节点能够长期有效工作成为关键问题。为此,设计了一种基于间隔更新思想的控制算法IUTA,对在一致性和不一致性事件发生时的处理机制进行了改进。在网络中节点复杂度变化的情况下,通过Cooja实验仿真模拟了网络中节点传递数据节省的功耗以及成功率两者动态变化的过程。结果表明,IUTA有效降低网络中节点传输功耗,同时对数据传输成功率影响甚微。
文摘由于低功耗有损网络LLN (low power and lossy networks)呈树形结构且节点的能量受限,一旦网络中出现能量瓶颈节点而未及时处理,将会严重影响网络各方面性能。因此提出一种基于负载均衡的高能效LLN路由协议。当检测出能量瓶颈节点后,对溪流计时器重置策略进行改进,及时将能量瓶颈节点能量不足的状态通告给其子节点。提出一种能量瓶颈节点子节点的切换机制,旨在降低能量瓶颈节点的能耗速率,实现节点高能效。仿真结果表明,该方法在网络生存时间和节点死亡率等性能方面优于现有路由算法,其中网络平均生存时间延长了10.53%,节点死亡率降低了18.59%。
文摘低功耗有损网络LLNs(Low-Power and Lossy Networks)中,RPL路由协议可以减少能耗和延长网络生命周期,但是负载的不均衡严重影响了RPL路由协议的性能。据此,提出了一种优化的RPL路由协议—WLB-RPL。该协议以节点剩余能量以及节点平均邻居距离为权重计算剩余级别,并通过动态调整通信半径完成路由构建,以均衡能量。仿真结果表明,改进后的路由协议可以对之前的负载均衡进行更好的优化,达到了理想的效果。