A Rub-Impact Recognition Method Based on Improved Convolutional Neural Network

Based on the theory of modal acoustic emission(AE),when the convolutional neural network(CNN)is used to identify rotor rub-impact faults,the training data has a small sample size,and the AE sound segment belongs to a single channel signal with less pixel-level information and strong local correlation.Due to the convolutional pooling operations of CNN,coarse-grained and edge information are lost,and the top-level information dimension in CNN network is low,which can easily lead to overfitting.To solve the above problems,we first propose the use of sound spectrograms and their differential features to construct multi-channel image input features suitable for CNN and fully exploit the intrinsic characteristics of the sound spectra.Then,the traditional CNN network structure is improved,and the outputs of all convolutional layers are connected as one layer constitutes a fused feature that contains information at each layer,and is input into the network’s fully connected layer for classification and identification.Experiments indicate that the improved CNN recognition algorithm has significantly improved recognition rate compared with CNN and dynamical neural network(DNN)algorithms.

Dynamic Characteristics of Multi-degrees of Freedom System Rotor-bearing System with Coupling Faults of Rub-impact and Crack

Extensive studies on rotor systems with single or coupled multiple faults have been carried out. However these studies are limited to single-span rotor systems. A finite element model for a complex rotor-bearing system with coupled faults is presented. The dynamic responses of the rotor-bearing system are obtained by using the rotor dynamics theory and the modern nonlinear dynamics theory in connection with the continuation-shooting algorithm(commonly used for obtaining a periodic solution for a nonlinear system) for a range of rub-impact clearances and crack depths. The stability and Hopf instability of the periodic motion of the rotor-bearing system with coupled faults are analyzed by using the procedure described. The results indicate that the finite element method is an effective way for determining the dynamic responses of such complex rotor-bearing systems. Further for a rotor system with rub-impact and crack faults, the influences of the clearances are significantly different for different rub-impact stiffness. On the contrary, the influence of crack depths is rather small. The instability speeds of the rotor-bearing system increase due to the presence of the crack fault. The results obtained using the new finite element model, presented for computation and analysis of dynamic responses of the rotor-bearing systems with coupled faults, are in accordance with measurements in experiment. The formulations given can be used for diagnosis of faults, vibration control, and safe and stable operations of real rotor-bearing systems.

DETECTION OF EARLY RUB-IMPACT IN ROTORS VIA HIGHER-ORDER TIME-FREQUENCY ENTROPY

Due to the calculation problem of classical methods (such as Lyapunov exponent) for chaotic behavior, a new method of identifying nonlinear dynamics with higher-order time-frequency entropy (HOTFE) based on time-frequency analysis and information theorem is proposed. Firstly, the meaning of HOTFE is defined, and then its validity is testified by numerical simulation. In the end vibration data from rotors are analyzed by HOTFE. The results demonstrate that it can indeed identify the early rub-impact chaotic behavior in rotors and also is simpler to calculate than previous methods.

INFLUENCES ON COUPLED LATERAL AND TORSION VIBRATION BEHAVIOR OF RUB-IMPACT ROTOR BY ROTOR-TO-STATOR CLEARANCE

With the establishment of the nonlinear coupled lateral and torsion vibration equations of rub-impact Jeffcott rotor and through numerical simulations,the influences on lateral and torsion vibration behavior by rotor-to-stator clearance are analyzed,which prove that there is strong impact on coupled lateral and torsion vibration behavior.Smaller the clearance is,more complex the motion of rotor is.When the clearance is larger,the frequency spectrum of rub-impact rotor is mainly composed of 1/2X,1/3X and 1/4X components.With the decrease of clearance,quasi-periodic and chaotic motions will be present.Under different clearances,the bifurcation diagrams of lateral and torsion vibrations can be divided into rub-free zone,rub-light zone and three complex motion zones in which the motion trend of lateral vibration is similar to that of the torsion vibration.Compared with the lateral vibration,the torsion vibration is of more motion forms and more abundant frequency components in amplitude spectrum.

Dynamical Analysis of Rub-impact Rotor System with Asymmetric Oil Film Force

Considering the effect of non-symmetry film force,nonlinear stiffness and nonlinear friction force,a dynamical model of rub-impact rotor system is established,then the nonlinear dynamical behavior is studied by numerical analysis method.The effect of rotation speed,nonlinear stiffness ratio and speed effect factor on brifurcation and chaotic behavior for rub-impact rotor system is comprehensively analyzed.The analysis results show that the effect of non-symmetry film force,nonlinear stiffness and nonlinear friction force on the dynamical behavior of the rotor system has close relation with rotation speed.The chaotic behavior exists in a wider parameter region,and the chaotic evolution rule is more complicated.The research provides a reliable theory basis and reference for diagnosing some faults of the rotor system.

双盘转子—电磁轴承系统的碰摩振动特性

转子系统的非线性振动是工程实际中的复杂问题,尤其转子系统碰摩振动的强非线性动力学特性,诱发倍周期分岔、hopf分岔及混沌等复杂现象。建立一类考虑碰摩故障的主动电磁轴承支撑双盘转子系统的力学模型,基于非线性动力学和转子动力学理论,采用多目标协同、多参数耦合仿真分析,运用变步长4阶Runge-Kutta法数值计算,通过获得的转子系统周期分岔图、碰摩分岔图、轴心轨迹图、Poincaré映射图、最大碰摩力及碰摩占空比曲线图,揭示了转子系统的非线性动态响应。同时研究复杂转子系统的碰摩振动特性与结构参数的关联关系。计算结果表明,系统的间隙阈值越小且转速越低条件下的周期碰摩振动越具复杂性和多样性,且系统因碰摩故障引发的最大碰摩力及碰摩占空比曲线峰值也较高。系统的定子刚度比越大,其表现出的各类周期碰摩振动的振动幅值和冲击速度越高;最大碰摩力越大。系统的偏心比值越大,系统的周期碰摩振动模式类型越多样化且混沌窗口越多;系统的各类周期碰摩振动产生的最大碰摩力和碰摩占空比也越高。同时,进一步分析了基本周期振动、亚谐振动、概周期振动和混沌的发生区域及转迁规律。研究结果可以有效地为该类转子系统动态匹配设计、大数据诊断与协同优化提供实际指导意义。

高速湿式离合器摩擦片表面微织构优化设计

湿式离合器是车辆传动系统核心元件,在高速分离状态下易出现摩擦片和钢片之间的碰撞摩擦,由此引起离合器带排转矩的急剧增大,影响其传动效率和可靠性。因此,本文以降低离合器高速段碰摩带排转矩为目标,对摩擦片表面微织构进行了优化设计。首先提出了摩擦片表面任意微织构形线参数化建模方法;然后选取了微织构的数量、深度、周向占比、径向占比和形线参数,构建了微织构优化的设计变量、约束条件和优化目标函数,通过将试验设计、模拟近似模型和搜索寻优相结合,建立了摩擦片表面微织构优化设计模型;最后进行了微织构优化前后的带排转矩对比试验。结果表明优化后的微织构可显著降低高速段碰摩带排转矩,并大幅推迟摩擦副高速碰摩现象出现的线速度。

轴流泵在叶轮和泵壳间隙不足情况下运行的碰磨振动特性研究

为提高水泵碰磨故障的诊断效率,以轴流泵在叶轮和泵壳间隙不足情况下运行的碰磨振动特性为研究对象,根据轴流泵发生碰磨时的受力情况,分析了其受到离心力、水体对叶轮的反作用力、碰撞摩擦力和各种激励外力的作用下产生的异常振动的振动特性,并用数值模拟和模型试验加以验证。得出了叶轮和泵壳间隙不足时,轴流泵的碰磨振动特性主要表现在频谱图中各整数倍频较为突出,奇数倍频和叶频的整数倍频相对其他频率更为突出,存在杂频和高频成分,当碰磨较为严重时,可以看到1/2倍频等分频成分等结论。研究成果在水泵振动特性研究和泵站故障诊断方面有一定的指导意义。

Modal analysis strategy and nonlinear dynamic characteristics of complicated aero-engine dual-rotor system with rub-impact

This paper aims to gain insight into the nonlinear modal characteristics and the possible influence of the modes on the responses for the practical dual-rotor system with rub-impact in aero-engine.The finite solid element method combined with a constraint stiffness model produced by rub-impact is introduced to build the governing equation of the complicated nonlinear dual-rotor system.In order to deal with the efficiency and numerical divergence in the process of solving the nonlinear modes of this large-scale nonlinear system,an analysis strategy is proposed by integrating a two-layer reduction technique into the harmonic balance method.The effectiveness of the analysis strategy is validated by applying to a simple rotor system,which can easily obtain the theoretical result.Based on the modeling method and analysis strategy,the modal characteristics of an aero-engine dual-rotor system with rub-impact are revealed.The results show that the modal frequency of the dual-rotor system increases when rub-impact occurs and has the feature of interval,which allows us to obtain the critical speeds of the rubbing system by traditional Campbell diagram.The rotation direction is an important factor since it can not only affect the gyroscopic effect but also change the friction effect of the rub-impact.It is found that the modal frequencies of the counter-rotation dual-rotor are less than those of co-rotation condition.More importantly,the forward modes of the counter-rotation dual-rotor may be instable when rub-impact occurs at a certain rotor,while the corresponding modes under the co-rotation condition are always stable.Furthermore,by analyzing the rubbing response of the dual-rotor,it is found that the modal characteristics have an important influence on rotor’s response.The instable forward modes existing in the counter-rotation dual-rotor may lead to the divergence of the response when passing the corresponding critical speed.

一种含特殊限位器的柔性连接转子碰摩响应研究

以一种柔性连接两节式转子-限位器系统为研究对象,利用拉格朗日方法建立考虑陀螺效应的转子系统动力学方程,采用Hooke接触模型及Coulomb碰撞模型,描述变刚度限位器与转子的相互作用,并利用数值方法求解碰摩响应,分析了不同碰摩刚度与摩擦系数下的碰摩行为,引入碰摩稳定域概念,并计算了碰摩稳定域曲线,开展了不同激励强度下的碰摩试验,与理论分析情况进行对比。研究结果表明:转子碰摩响应存在有限次碰摩后恢复稳定、拟周期运动、同步全周碰摩三种典型碰摩行为;摩擦力是导致转子失稳的关键因素,限位器碰摩刚度存在最优区间;限位器碰摩模型可为工程设计提供参考。

含双重三要素型吸振器的碰摩转子的振动特性分析

对碰摩故障下安装有抑制共振的最优双重三要素型转子吸振器的转子的振动特性进行了研究。利用转子动力学方法建立了吸振器-转子的动力学方程,通过Newmark-Newton方法对方程进行了求解,借助分岔图分析了吸振器参数、碰摩参数对转子振动特性的影响。结果显示:刚度较小的单体吸振器1的ka1为最优值的1.66~2倍时,吸振器-转子呈现周期二运动,其他参数变动时转子基本处于周期N运动或混沌运动;刚度较大的单体吸振器2的ka2为最优值的1.36~2倍时,吸振器-转子呈周期二运动,其他参数变动时转子基本处于周期N或混动运动。碰摩刚度的变化,会使吸振器-转子的运动由周期四运动转为周期N运动或混沌运动;碰摩摩擦系数除在初始值的0.8~1.18倍、1.48~1.6倍范围内使吸振器-转子呈周期四运动外,其他变动数值时系统呈周期二运动。

Modal characteristics analysis for a flexible rotor with non-smooth constraint due to intermittent rub-impact

Intermittent rub-impact, during which the contact between rotor and stator is characterized by a ‘‘bouncing" or intermittent type of behavior, is one of the most common rubbing forms in rotating machinery. When the intermittent rub-impact occurs, the non-smooth constraint, which is the phenomenon that the system stiffness changes with respect to the state of contact and noncontact, will appear. The paper aims at discovering the possible effects of the non-smooth constraint on the flexible rotor's modal characteristics by theoretical and experimental methods. The qualitative description for non-smooth constraint is given for the intermittent rub-impact process, and the dynamic modeling for a rotor system with non-smooth constraint is carried out. Meanwhile, the analysis method is developed by Floquet theory and Hill's method to obtain the rotor's modal characteristics. The results reveal that the non-smooth constraint produced by the intermittent rubimpact will increase the modal frequencies and critical speeds of the rotor system significantly.Due to the time-varying features of the constraint stiffness, the modal frequencies for the intermittent rub-impact rotor present fluctuant changes with the increase of rotation speed, which is different from the general linear rotor system. The non-smooth constraint is possible to lead the rotor's instability, and the rotor's instable regions can be expanded significantly for the increase of average constraint stiffness, constraint amplitude and contact time ratio. Non-smooth constraint could also expand the resonance speed and resonance sideband of the rotor system, which sometimes results in amplitude jump phenomenon.

Bifurcation and Chaos in a Dynamical System of Rub-impact Rotor

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航空发动机双转子轴间碰摩非线性动力学特性

航空发动机双转子之间通常采用封严结构,容易导致双转子发生轴间碰摩。针对双转子轴间碰摩问题,推导了轴间碰摩力模型,结合实体有限元法建立了双转子轴间碰摩动力学模型,并将固定模态界面综合法和数值方法结合,提出了此类高维转子轴间碰摩响应的一般计算流程。基于该计算流程,详细研究了轴间碰摩导致的双转子复杂非线性动力学特性。结果表明:双转子发生轴间碰摩时,主要存在持续碰摩、间歇碰摩和自激振动三种碰摩状态。持续碰摩主要引起双转子间振动耦合;间歇碰摩对转子产生较明显冲击特征,导致转子频域响应中出现多阶模态频率成分及组合频率成分;自激振动则是由切向摩擦诱发的、转子正进动模态频率成分主导的一种运动状态,此时转子呈正向涡动,但振动幅值很高,对转子危害极大。通过减小摩擦系数或碰摩刚度,能显著减小自激振动发生的转速范围,提升转子运行稳定性。

航空燃气涡轮发动机碰摩研究现状与展望

转静件碰摩是航空发动机中常见的故障现象,对发动机的安全可靠运转具有重要影响。从力学本质上,碰摩具有多物理场耦合、跨尺度和强非线性特征,碰摩结构的动力学行为极为复杂。主要以航空发动机工程需求为出发点,介绍了航空发动机中碰摩类型、碰摩力学效应及其引起的结构件损伤或失效形式;从碰摩局部力学模型和整体力学模型两方面梳理了碰摩动力学建模的主要成果;阐述了转子、叶片-盘-机匣、旋转壳体等结构件在碰摩过程中的非线性动力学行为的研究进展。对今后航空发动机碰摩研究的发展方向和工作重点进行了展望,提出要进一步完善和发展碰摩局部力学行为、跨尺度力学模型和非线性碰摩动力学特性相关理论技术,并针对当前工程亟需建立转静件碰摩损伤评估与危害度评价方法。

基于峭度谱的口环碰摩声特征提取与试验验证

为避免离心泵口环与叶轮之间发生碰摩,对口环碰摩故障提供预警,提出一种能够准确识别和诊断口环碰摩异常现象的特征提取方法.以动静环碰摩动力学机理为基础,结合声信号与谱峭度分析,建立离心泵口环-叶轮碰摩的故障声信号模型.构造不同的工况信号,从信噪比、随机滑动程度2个角度,对峭度谱算法进行性能分析.在满足水介质、可调偏心、环形部件碰摩的条件下,搭建模拟离心泵运行特性的动静环摩擦试验台,进行不同碰摩程度试验.研究结果表明:声信号结合峭度谱的特征提取方法对于强噪声和随机滑动干扰具有较好鲁棒性,可有效提取口环碰摩噪声特征信号;对不同碰摩程度的信号可解调出特征频率,根据调制频率幅值以及冲击频率的变化来判断碰摩的严重程度.研究结果能够支撑口环碰摩故障的预警,可为声信号特征提取方法与诊断算法的有效性提供一定理论依据.

湿式离合器欠约束摩擦副临界碰摩转速及带排转矩分析

带排转矩会降低湿式离合器的传动效率,缩短其使用寿命和降低其工作可靠性。目前针对湿式离合器带排转矩的研究大多基于平均间隙分布模型,但各摩擦副之间的间隙分布对带排转矩有重要影响,且获取处于工作状态的湿式离合器各摩擦副间隙分布是很困难的。因此,本文提出了一种湿式离合器各摩擦副间隙分布的仿真模拟方法,采用次序统计方法模拟各摩擦片和钢片的位置,获得各摩擦副初始间隙分布规律;在此基础上,通过仿真分析不同工况下欠约束多摩擦副系统的临界碰摩转速及带排转矩,并通过了试验验证。结果表明,在湿式离合器总间隙不变的情况下,欠约束多摩擦副系统的临碰摩转速小于基于平均间隙分布假设下的临界碰摩转速;随着湿式离合器总间隙的增加,临界碰摩转速逐渐下降;欠约束多摩擦副系统的带排转矩明显大于基于平均间隙分布假设下的带排转矩,随着湿式离合器总间隙的增加,带排转矩逐渐下降。

柔性缓冲环对轴承-转子动力学特性的影响

综合考虑滑动轴承油膜力、转盘偏心量和碰摩的条件下,建立了含柔性缓冲环的轴承-转子系统力学模型,运用Runge-Kutta数值积分法,得到转子系统的分岔图、最大碰摩力分布图、占空比分布图和频谱图等,具体分析了柔性缓冲环对转子系统动力学特性的影响。研究表明:柔性缓冲环延缓了油膜涡动的产生,极大地削弱了油膜涡动和油膜振荡对转子系统稳定性的影响,进而提高了系统的平稳性;同时,缓冲环的布置间隙和刚度是影响其性能的关键参数,转子以中高转速长期运行时,应选择较小的布置间隙和较大的刚度,若转子需以超高转速长期运行时,应选择较大的布置间隙和较小的刚度。

深度调峰工况下某汽轮机异常振动原因分析

某发电厂3号机为600MW超临界机组,在一次机组正常调峰运行过程中,发生了振动增大导致的非计划停运事件。通过对振动数据进行分析,判断高中压轴封位置发生严重碰摩,导致高中压转子轴振增大。碰摩原因为轴封联络管中冷汽进入,导致轴封位置发生碰摩故障。对深度调峰工况下轴封温度对机组振动的影响进行了详细的分析,为今后类似机组在调峰状态下振动故障的分析提供了借鉴。

基于聚类分析的旋转机械声发射碰摩定位算法

旋转机械的特性决定了其在运行中可能会出现碰摩故障并且不易停机检修,所以旋转机械的碰摩定位是一个亟需解决的问题。针对此问题,提出了利用声发射信号特性的参数定位方法,并采用改进的聚类算法优化定位结果。该方法能够在旋转机械运行时进行检测,并且能够准确对碰摩源进行定位。试验结果表明,与时差定位算法相比,提出的方法可以更有效地分离出碰摩源,而且经过改进后的聚类算法运行速度更快。