The application of phthalate plasticizers has been restricted around the world due to their poor migration and potential harm to the human body.Hence,producing functional bio-based plasticizers via exploiting clean an...The application of phthalate plasticizers has been restricted around the world due to their poor migration and potential harm to the human body.Hence,producing functional bio-based plasticizers via exploiting clean and reusable resources meets the satisfaction of current demands.In this study,flame-retardant rubber seed oil-based plasticize(FRP)was prepared via epoxidation reaction and ring opening addition reactions,which was used as a flame-resistant plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride to replace petroleum-based phthalate plasticizer.When DOP was replaced with FRP,the torque of PVC blends increased from 11.4 to 18.4 N⋅m,the LOI value increased from 24.3%for PVC-FRP-0%to 33.1%for PVC-FRP-20.The THR value diminished from 39 MJ/m^(2)(pertaining to PVC-FRC-0)to 22 MJ/m^(2)Tg increased from 23°C to 47°C,the weight loss of plasticized PVC blends significantly reduced from 22.6%to 2.8%in leaching tests.The study provided a new way to prepare flame retardant plasticizer using rubber seed oil as raw material.展开更多
Statistical analysis of product yield for biodiesel preparation by transesterification process was performed using the Minitab software. A standard RSM Design tool known as CCD was applied to study the transesterifica...Statistical analysis of product yield for biodiesel preparation by transesterification process was performed using the Minitab software. A standard RSM Design tool known as CCD was applied to study the transesterification reaction variables. The obtained parameters were verified experimentally for the transesterification reaction of rubber seed oil using solid metal oxide catalyst. The factors affecting the methyl ester yield during transesterification reaction were identified as the catalyst content, molar ratio of oil to alcohol and reaction time. High methyl ester yield and fast reaction rate could be obtained even if reaction temperature was relatively low, which is quite favorable to the industrial production of biodiesel from the rubber seed oil. 98.54% of methyl ester was formed from the transesterification of RSO with methanol. R-squared is a statistical measure of how close the data are to the fitted regression line. It is also known as the coefficient of determination, or the coefficient of multiple determination for multiple regression. In this study, an R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.98 is obtained.展开更多
This study explored the utility of flours of rubber seed, coconut and groundnut kernels, and de-oiled cakes of coconut and groundnut as solid substrate for the production of lipase by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain BUP...This study explored the utility of flours of rubber seed, coconut and groundnut kernels, and de-oiled cakes of coconut and groundnut as solid substrate for the production of lipase by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain BUP2 (MTCC No. 5924), a novel bacterium reported from the rumen of Malabari goat. Various proportions (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% or 50%) of flours or cakes were prepared (w/v) with BUP medium (pH 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8), and incubated at different temperature (25°C, 28°C, 30°C or 32°C) for 24 to 96 h. The samples were assayed for lipase activity at 24 h intervals. The rubber seed flour (20%)-BUP medium supported the maximum lipase production (871 U/gds) at 48h incubation (pH 6, 28°C), followed by ground nut flour (398 U/gds), while ground nut cake supported the least lipase production (244 U/gds). From this, it is evident that the cheaply available rubber seed is an efficient substrate for the production of lipase, irrespective of its known demerit that it contains the limarin, a toxin;in fact, we could not detect limarin in the fermented matter. Thus, the utility of rubber seed for the production of a costly enzyme is reported from a novel rumen bacterium, which would be advantageous for rubber farmers.展开更多
The development of biofuels is driven both by concern about the greenhouse effect and by interest in the opportunities for exploitation of biomass of agricultural origin. In order to improve the yield and quality of b...The development of biofuels is driven both by concern about the greenhouse effect and by interest in the opportunities for exploitation of biomass of agricultural origin. In order to improve the yield and quality of biodiesel through modeling and optimization, several studies are in progress. In this paper, biodiesel produced from rubber seed oil in the homogeneous transesterification is studied using a Plackett-Burman experimental design, a full factorial design, a central composite design and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) coupled with a Genetic Algorithm (GA).Variables such as temperature, stirring speed, reaction time, type of alcohol, and type of catalyst are studied to obtain the best specific gravity and kinematic viscosity. Type of alcohol and type of catalyst have the greatest effect on the two responses, with ethanol (alcohol) and sulphuric acid (catalyst) producing the best results. The specific gravity and kinematic viscosity changes recorded during the transesterification process followed the first and second order polynomial models, respectively. The ANN coupled with GA was used to optimize the two responses simultaneously. Global optimal values of specific gravity (0.883) and kinematic viscosity (6.76 cSt) were recorded when a temperature of 90°C, a stirring speed of 305 rpm, and a treatment time of 141 min were imposed.展开更多
Kaolin was modified using a chemical complex of hydrazine hydrate and oleochemical sodium salts derived from rubber seed oil (SRSO) and tea seed oil (STSO) respectively. Characterization of the pristine kaolin and the...Kaolin was modified using a chemical complex of hydrazine hydrate and oleochemical sodium salts derived from rubber seed oil (SRSO) and tea seed oil (STSO) respectively. Characterization of the pristine kaolin and the modified kaolins were performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Simultaneous Thermogravimetric/Differential Thermal Analysis (TG/DTA) and UV Spectrophotometry. TG/DTA revealed that the incorporation of the oleochemical salts enhanced thermal decomposition of kaolin into metakaolin. Ultraviolet spectrophotometric studies conducted on the modified kaolin show for the first time that the SRSO-modified kaolin and STSO-modified kaolin have a peak absorbance wavelengths of 312.72 nm and 314.26 nm respectively. This shows that the modified kaolin is a promising candidate for sunscreen applications.展开更多
This study was carried out to determine the thermo-physical properties of rubber seed in the moisture range of 9.1%to 14.8%(w.b.).The length,width,thickness,measured surface area,bulk density and true density increase...This study was carried out to determine the thermo-physical properties of rubber seed in the moisture range of 9.1%to 14.8%(w.b.).The length,width,thickness,measured surface area,bulk density and true density increased with increasing moisture content with high coefficients of determination(significant at p<0.05).Their optimum values at 14.8%moisture content were 17.00 mm,11.94 mm,8.26 mm,285.20 mm^(2),295.00 kg/m^(3) and 470.67 kg/m^(3),respectively.The angle of repose increased as moisture content increased with low coefficient of determination and has optimum value of 28.81°at 14.8%moisture content.The specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity decreased linearly while thermal diffusivity increased exponentially with an increase in moisture content(significant at p<0.05).The optimum values of specific heat capacity,thermal conductivity and diffusivity at 14.8%moisture content were 55.84 kJ/(kg.K),0.032 W/(m.K)and 1.93×10^(-9) m^(2)/s,respectively.The results are essential in the design of storage structure for rubber seed.展开更多
The one-step hydrotreatment of rubber seed oil to produce hydrocarbon fuels has been carried out via supported Pd-catalyst,and analyzed emphatically some elements affected catalytic cracking process,for example,temper...The one-step hydrotreatment of rubber seed oil to produce hydrocarbon fuels has been carried out via supported Pd-catalyst,and analyzed emphatically some elements affected catalytic cracking process,for example,temperature,hydrogen partial pressure and dosage of catalyst,etc.Through experimental research,the author found out the appropriate catalytic cracking conditions as follows:310℃ of reaction temperature,2 MPa of hydrogen partial pressure,15 of the ratio of oil to catalyst(m(oil)/m(catalyst)),100 r/min of stirring speed.Under these conditions,effective component of hydrocarbon fuels in the converted oil accounts for 99.49%,and the proportion of C_(8)-C_(16) can reach as high as 79.61%.The converted oil was similar to petroleum-based oil in chemical composition,and can be used for future the aviation biofuels development as the source of raw material because it contains a large amount of hydrocarbon in the range of C_(8)-C_(16).展开更多
基金funded by the Science and Technology Project of Henan Province(202102310593)and Science and Technology Project of Kaifeng City(2002003).
文摘The application of phthalate plasticizers has been restricted around the world due to their poor migration and potential harm to the human body.Hence,producing functional bio-based plasticizers via exploiting clean and reusable resources meets the satisfaction of current demands.In this study,flame-retardant rubber seed oil-based plasticize(FRP)was prepared via epoxidation reaction and ring opening addition reactions,which was used as a flame-resistant plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride to replace petroleum-based phthalate plasticizer.When DOP was replaced with FRP,the torque of PVC blends increased from 11.4 to 18.4 N⋅m,the LOI value increased from 24.3%for PVC-FRP-0%to 33.1%for PVC-FRP-20.The THR value diminished from 39 MJ/m^(2)(pertaining to PVC-FRC-0)to 22 MJ/m^(2)Tg increased from 23°C to 47°C,the weight loss of plasticized PVC blends significantly reduced from 22.6%to 2.8%in leaching tests.The study provided a new way to prepare flame retardant plasticizer using rubber seed oil as raw material.
文摘Statistical analysis of product yield for biodiesel preparation by transesterification process was performed using the Minitab software. A standard RSM Design tool known as CCD was applied to study the transesterification reaction variables. The obtained parameters were verified experimentally for the transesterification reaction of rubber seed oil using solid metal oxide catalyst. The factors affecting the methyl ester yield during transesterification reaction were identified as the catalyst content, molar ratio of oil to alcohol and reaction time. High methyl ester yield and fast reaction rate could be obtained even if reaction temperature was relatively low, which is quite favorable to the industrial production of biodiesel from the rubber seed oil. 98.54% of methyl ester was formed from the transesterification of RSO with methanol. R-squared is a statistical measure of how close the data are to the fitted regression line. It is also known as the coefficient of determination, or the coefficient of multiple determination for multiple regression. In this study, an R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.98 is obtained.
文摘This study explored the utility of flours of rubber seed, coconut and groundnut kernels, and de-oiled cakes of coconut and groundnut as solid substrate for the production of lipase by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain BUP2 (MTCC No. 5924), a novel bacterium reported from the rumen of Malabari goat. Various proportions (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% or 50%) of flours or cakes were prepared (w/v) with BUP medium (pH 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8), and incubated at different temperature (25°C, 28°C, 30°C or 32°C) for 24 to 96 h. The samples were assayed for lipase activity at 24 h intervals. The rubber seed flour (20%)-BUP medium supported the maximum lipase production (871 U/gds) at 48h incubation (pH 6, 28°C), followed by ground nut flour (398 U/gds), while ground nut cake supported the least lipase production (244 U/gds). From this, it is evident that the cheaply available rubber seed is an efficient substrate for the production of lipase, irrespective of its known demerit that it contains the limarin, a toxin;in fact, we could not detect limarin in the fermented matter. Thus, the utility of rubber seed for the production of a costly enzyme is reported from a novel rumen bacterium, which would be advantageous for rubber farmers.
文摘The development of biofuels is driven both by concern about the greenhouse effect and by interest in the opportunities for exploitation of biomass of agricultural origin. In order to improve the yield and quality of biodiesel through modeling and optimization, several studies are in progress. In this paper, biodiesel produced from rubber seed oil in the homogeneous transesterification is studied using a Plackett-Burman experimental design, a full factorial design, a central composite design and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) coupled with a Genetic Algorithm (GA).Variables such as temperature, stirring speed, reaction time, type of alcohol, and type of catalyst are studied to obtain the best specific gravity and kinematic viscosity. Type of alcohol and type of catalyst have the greatest effect on the two responses, with ethanol (alcohol) and sulphuric acid (catalyst) producing the best results. The specific gravity and kinematic viscosity changes recorded during the transesterification process followed the first and second order polynomial models, respectively. The ANN coupled with GA was used to optimize the two responses simultaneously. Global optimal values of specific gravity (0.883) and kinematic viscosity (6.76 cSt) were recorded when a temperature of 90°C, a stirring speed of 305 rpm, and a treatment time of 141 min were imposed.
文摘Kaolin was modified using a chemical complex of hydrazine hydrate and oleochemical sodium salts derived from rubber seed oil (SRSO) and tea seed oil (STSO) respectively. Characterization of the pristine kaolin and the modified kaolins were performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Simultaneous Thermogravimetric/Differential Thermal Analysis (TG/DTA) and UV Spectrophotometry. TG/DTA revealed that the incorporation of the oleochemical salts enhanced thermal decomposition of kaolin into metakaolin. Ultraviolet spectrophotometric studies conducted on the modified kaolin show for the first time that the SRSO-modified kaolin and STSO-modified kaolin have a peak absorbance wavelengths of 312.72 nm and 314.26 nm respectively. This shows that the modified kaolin is a promising candidate for sunscreen applications.
文摘This study was carried out to determine the thermo-physical properties of rubber seed in the moisture range of 9.1%to 14.8%(w.b.).The length,width,thickness,measured surface area,bulk density and true density increased with increasing moisture content with high coefficients of determination(significant at p<0.05).Their optimum values at 14.8%moisture content were 17.00 mm,11.94 mm,8.26 mm,285.20 mm^(2),295.00 kg/m^(3) and 470.67 kg/m^(3),respectively.The angle of repose increased as moisture content increased with low coefficient of determination and has optimum value of 28.81°at 14.8%moisture content.The specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity decreased linearly while thermal diffusivity increased exponentially with an increase in moisture content(significant at p<0.05).The optimum values of specific heat capacity,thermal conductivity and diffusivity at 14.8%moisture content were 55.84 kJ/(kg.K),0.032 W/(m.K)and 1.93×10^(-9) m^(2)/s,respectively.The results are essential in the design of storage structure for rubber seed.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21266032)International S&T Cooperation Program of China(No.2015DFA60120).
文摘The one-step hydrotreatment of rubber seed oil to produce hydrocarbon fuels has been carried out via supported Pd-catalyst,and analyzed emphatically some elements affected catalytic cracking process,for example,temperature,hydrogen partial pressure and dosage of catalyst,etc.Through experimental research,the author found out the appropriate catalytic cracking conditions as follows:310℃ of reaction temperature,2 MPa of hydrogen partial pressure,15 of the ratio of oil to catalyst(m(oil)/m(catalyst)),100 r/min of stirring speed.Under these conditions,effective component of hydrocarbon fuels in the converted oil accounts for 99.49%,and the proportion of C_(8)-C_(16) can reach as high as 79.61%.The converted oil was similar to petroleum-based oil in chemical composition,and can be used for future the aviation biofuels development as the source of raw material because it contains a large amount of hydrocarbon in the range of C_(8)-C_(16).