Rural area in Indonesia of which electrification ratio is still low has a strong demand for off-grid electric power supply. On the other hand, Indonesia is a leading natural rubber production country and these rubber ...Rural area in Indonesia of which electrification ratio is still low has a strong demand for off-grid electric power supply. On the other hand, Indonesia is a leading natural rubber production country and these rubber wood trees are cultivated in vast plantation farms. A rubber wood tree is woody biomass resource which can be stably supplied because a lot of trees aged more than 25 years are logged and nursery trees are planted constantly. Woody biomass is burned directly as solid fuel and the generated thermal energy can be applied only for room heating or cooking. Otherwise, direct conversion of biomass to electric energy requires a large scale equipment such as a boiler and a steam turbine, whereas gasified woody biomass can be easily handled and can have wide application. A closed gasifier chamber which was kept vacuum and fulfilled with gas yield during gasification was recently developed by the authors for indirect gasification. It was confirmed that generated gas by the gasifier is clean and can be directly used to drive an engine generator to supply electricity. In this study, planer dust of rubber wood is used as gasification feedstock for indirect gasifying in the closed gasifier chamber, and effects of heating temperature and moisture content on gasification performance are discussed to examine characteristics of the closed gasifier chamber in details.展开更多
The present research aims to utilize the acrylic Core-Shell Rubber （CSR） particles to reduce the brittleness in Wood Plastic Composites （WPC） prepared from poly（lactic acid） （PLA） and rubber wood sawdust （Hev...The present research aims to utilize the acrylic Core-Shell Rubber （CSR） particles to reduce the brittleness in Wood Plastic Composites （WPC） prepared from poly（lactic acid） （PLA） and rubber wood sawdust （Hevea brasiliensis）. Experimental works consisted of two major parts. The first part concentrated on toughening PLA by using CSR particles. Mechanical tests revealed that PLA had become tougher with a more than five times increment in the impact strength when the CSR was added at only 5 wt%. The modified PLA was less stiff with the significant reductions of both elastic and flexural moduli and strengths. The second part focused on producing WPC from the toughened PLA and rubber wood sawdust. The tensile moduli and the strengths of the PLA composites increased with rubber wood content. The composites turned out to be more brittle with reductions of both the impact strength and the tensile elongation at break at all the sawdust contents. Toughening PLA/wood flour with 5 wt% CSR improved both the impact strength and the tensile elongation at break. The toughness enhancement was also depicted by the plastic deformation observed on the surfaces of fractured PLA/CSR/wood sawdust composites.展开更多
文摘Rural area in Indonesia of which electrification ratio is still low has a strong demand for off-grid electric power supply. On the other hand, Indonesia is a leading natural rubber production country and these rubber wood trees are cultivated in vast plantation farms. A rubber wood tree is woody biomass resource which can be stably supplied because a lot of trees aged more than 25 years are logged and nursery trees are planted constantly. Woody biomass is burned directly as solid fuel and the generated thermal energy can be applied only for room heating or cooking. Otherwise, direct conversion of biomass to electric energy requires a large scale equipment such as a boiler and a steam turbine, whereas gasified woody biomass can be easily handled and can have wide application. A closed gasifier chamber which was kept vacuum and fulfilled with gas yield during gasification was recently developed by the authors for indirect gasification. It was confirmed that generated gas by the gasifier is clean and can be directly used to drive an engine generator to supply electricity. In this study, planer dust of rubber wood is used as gasification feedstock for indirect gasifying in the closed gasifier chamber, and effects of heating temperature and moisture content on gasification performance are discussed to examine characteristics of the closed gasifier chamber in details.
文摘The present research aims to utilize the acrylic Core-Shell Rubber （CSR） particles to reduce the brittleness in Wood Plastic Composites （WPC） prepared from poly（lactic acid） （PLA） and rubber wood sawdust （Hevea brasiliensis）. Experimental works consisted of two major parts. The first part concentrated on toughening PLA by using CSR particles. Mechanical tests revealed that PLA had become tougher with a more than five times increment in the impact strength when the CSR was added at only 5 wt%. The modified PLA was less stiff with the significant reductions of both elastic and flexural moduli and strengths. The second part focused on producing WPC from the toughened PLA and rubber wood sawdust. The tensile moduli and the strengths of the PLA composites increased with rubber wood content. The composites turned out to be more brittle with reductions of both the impact strength and the tensile elongation at break at all the sawdust contents. Toughening PLA/wood flour with 5 wt% CSR improved both the impact strength and the tensile elongation at break. The toughness enhancement was also depicted by the plastic deformation observed on the surfaces of fractured PLA/CSR/wood sawdust composites.
