Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a group of heterogeneous,multi-factorial,neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from genetic and environmental factors interplay.Infection is a significant trigger of autism,especially ...Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a group of heterogeneous,multi-factorial,neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from genetic and environmental factors interplay.Infection is a significant trigger of autism,especially during the critical developmental period.There is a strong interplay between the viral infection as a trigger and a result of ASD.We aim to highlight the mutual relationship between autism and viruses.We performed a thorough literature review and included 158 research in this review.Most of the literature agreed on the possible effects of the viral infection during the critical period of development on the risk of developing autism,especially for specific viral infections such as Rubella,Cytomegalovirus,Herpes Simplex virus,Varicella Zoster Virus,Influenza virus,Zika virus,and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.Viral infection directly infects the brain,triggers immune activation,induces epigenetic changes,and raises the risks of having a child with autism.At the same time,there is some evidence of increased risk of infection,including viral infections in children with autism,due to lots of factors.There is an increased risk of developing autism with a specific viral infection during the early developmental period and an increased risk of viral infections in children with autism.In addition,children with autism are at increased risk of infection,including viruses.Every effort should be made to prevent maternal and early-life infections and reduce the risk of autism.Immune modulation of children with autism should be considered to reduce the risk of infection.展开更多
To construct an expression vector containing the E1 glycoprotein gene of rubella virus for the study on the effect of mutation of the E1 gene glycoprotein and the analysis of phylogenetic differences of sequences, the...To construct an expression vector containing the E1 glycoprotein gene of rubella virus for the study on the effect of mutation of the E1 gene glycoprotein and the analysis of phylogenetic differences of sequences, the gene encoding the E1 envelope glycoprotein was amplified from rubella virus, Jinan strain JR23, by RT-PCR and ligated into PMD-18T vector. The clones that carried the E1 gene were identified after amp r selection and analysis of restriction enzyme digestion. After sequencing this gene was analyzed by Danstar and Winstar programs, and the map of phylogenetic tree was drawn. The clone of E1 glycoprotein was thus constructed. It was found that the sequence differences between JR23 strain and the TCRB strain from Japan and those between JR23 strain and Thomas strain of England were rather small with difference values of 0.9% and 1.2% respectively. Yet those between JR23 strain and BRD2 strain from Beijing and those between JR23 strain and XG379 strain from Hong Kong were comparatively larger with difference values of 7.6% and 7.3% respectively. The sequence of JR23 strain with other strains was less than 3% except the NC strain (3.7%). It concludes that the construction of E1 glycoprotein gene offers an approach to study the relationship between structures and functions of E1 gene and its gene products. In the phylogenetic tree, it shows that there are significant differences in the sequences of rubella virus isolated in China, and this might be helpful to develop an effective subunit vaccine.展开更多
Human recombinant interferon α2b can inhibit replication of many viruses and it is an important prophylactic drug for virus infection. In this study, interferon α2b was used to study the biological function on measl...Human recombinant interferon α2b can inhibit replication of many viruses and it is an important prophylactic drug for virus infection. In this study, interferon α2b was used to study the biological function on measles virus and rubella virus replication in human. For each virus, selected population was divided into two groups, including with and without interferon α2b treatment, then the attenuated viral vaccine was used to inoculate each group and the respiratory samples were collected at fixed intervals. A highly sensitive and accurate Real-time PCR method was used to detect the virus copy number in samples. The results showed that the virus copy number was much lower after interferon treatment and suggested that interferon α2b could inhibit the measles virus and rubella virus replication in human.展开更多
文摘Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a group of heterogeneous,multi-factorial,neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from genetic and environmental factors interplay.Infection is a significant trigger of autism,especially during the critical developmental period.There is a strong interplay between the viral infection as a trigger and a result of ASD.We aim to highlight the mutual relationship between autism and viruses.We performed a thorough literature review and included 158 research in this review.Most of the literature agreed on the possible effects of the viral infection during the critical period of development on the risk of developing autism,especially for specific viral infections such as Rubella,Cytomegalovirus,Herpes Simplex virus,Varicella Zoster Virus,Influenza virus,Zika virus,and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.Viral infection directly infects the brain,triggers immune activation,induces epigenetic changes,and raises the risks of having a child with autism.At the same time,there is some evidence of increased risk of infection,including viral infections in children with autism,due to lots of factors.There is an increased risk of developing autism with a specific viral infection during the early developmental period and an increased risk of viral infections in children with autism.In addition,children with autism are at increased risk of infection,including viruses.Every effort should be made to prevent maternal and early-life infections and reduce the risk of autism.Immune modulation of children with autism should be considered to reduce the risk of infection.
基金This study was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundationof Shandong Province (No.Q99C10) and Key University Teachers of Educa tion Ministry, China
文摘To construct an expression vector containing the E1 glycoprotein gene of rubella virus for the study on the effect of mutation of the E1 gene glycoprotein and the analysis of phylogenetic differences of sequences, the gene encoding the E1 envelope glycoprotein was amplified from rubella virus, Jinan strain JR23, by RT-PCR and ligated into PMD-18T vector. The clones that carried the E1 gene were identified after amp r selection and analysis of restriction enzyme digestion. After sequencing this gene was analyzed by Danstar and Winstar programs, and the map of phylogenetic tree was drawn. The clone of E1 glycoprotein was thus constructed. It was found that the sequence differences between JR23 strain and the TCRB strain from Japan and those between JR23 strain and Thomas strain of England were rather small with difference values of 0.9% and 1.2% respectively. Yet those between JR23 strain and BRD2 strain from Beijing and those between JR23 strain and XG379 strain from Hong Kong were comparatively larger with difference values of 7.6% and 7.3% respectively. The sequence of JR23 strain with other strains was less than 3% except the NC strain (3.7%). It concludes that the construction of E1 glycoprotein gene offers an approach to study the relationship between structures and functions of E1 gene and its gene products. In the phylogenetic tree, it shows that there are significant differences in the sequences of rubella virus isolated in China, and this might be helpful to develop an effective subunit vaccine.
文摘Human recombinant interferon α2b can inhibit replication of many viruses and it is an important prophylactic drug for virus infection. In this study, interferon α2b was used to study the biological function on measles virus and rubella virus replication in human. For each virus, selected population was divided into two groups, including with and without interferon α2b treatment, then the attenuated viral vaccine was used to inoculate each group and the respiratory samples were collected at fixed intervals. A highly sensitive and accurate Real-time PCR method was used to detect the virus copy number in samples. The results showed that the virus copy number was much lower after interferon treatment and suggested that interferon α2b could inhibit the measles virus and rubella virus replication in human.
