The regulatory framework for mining operations is complex;the licensing process in particular typically involves several laws and a number of permits. This paper assumes that the regulatory framework is strongly influ...The regulatory framework for mining operations is complex;the licensing process in particular typically involves several laws and a number of permits. This paper assumes that the regulatory framework is strongly influenced by the institutional framework of which it is part, and that it suffers from an institutional path dependence that may decrease the efficiency of the system as well as act barrier to the implementation of necessary environmental requirements. The paper provides: 1) a legal analysis of the regulatory framework governing mining operations in Sweden, Finland and Russia;and 2) a comparative analysis of the scope of the environmental assessment within the licensing process in the examined countries. The result of the analysis of the regulatory frameworks shows great similarity between the Swedish and the Finnish systems, both in terms of the overall structure and the implementation of substantive environmental rules. The Russian system differs in this respect, with more declarative rules and seemingly less substantive assessments. The results also indicate that the regulatory frameworks in all three countries show signs of institutional path dependence, but in very different degrees. Though Russia has indeed implemented major changes in the formal structure, very little has changed in practice. The Swedish regulatory framework for mining shows a deficient systematics and conflicting objectives, despite the implementation of a comprehensive environmental legislation. The recently reformed Finnish system seems to have a more holistic approach.展开更多
目的采用数据挖掘技术探讨中医药治疗银屑病血燥证的用药规律。方法以“银屑病”OR“白庀”为主题词,“血燥”OR“养血润燥”为自由词,采用主题词与自由词结合的方式检索中国知网(CNKI)、维普全文数据库(VIP)及万方数据知识服务平台,根...目的采用数据挖掘技术探讨中医药治疗银屑病血燥证的用药规律。方法以“银屑病”OR“白庀”为主题词,“血燥”OR“养血润燥”为自由词,采用主题词与自由词结合的方式检索中国知网(CNKI)、维普全文数据库(VIP)及万方数据知识服务平台,根据纳入及排除标准,建立原始数据库,进一步规范数据后使用Microsoft Excel 2016对药物频数及性味归经进行分析,利用统计产品与服务解决方案25(Statistical Product and Service Solutions,SPSS 25)对高频药物进行聚类分析和采用IBM数据挖掘平台SPSS Modeler 18.0对高频药物进行关联规则分析。以此筛选出高频药物,从药物性味、归经、功效等角度,观察其治疗银屑病血燥证的规律;并分析药物间的相关性;得出新的核心处方。结果(1)共收集符合标准的处方共117首,涉及中药141味。(2)高频药物排名前十:生地黄、当归、土茯苓、甘草、鸡血藤、白鲜皮、麦冬、丹参、牡丹皮、川芎;药物功效分类以清热药、补虚药、活血化瘀药、解表药为主;药性以寒性、温性为主;药味以甘、苦、辛为主;归经以肝经、心经、胃经为主。(3)关联规则得出生地黄、土茯苓,生地黄、鸡血藤,当归、麦冬,当归、何首乌等核心药对。(4)聚类分析得出聚类方4个。结论中医药治疗银屑病血燥证以“润”为大法,在“润”的基础上常配合凉血、活血、补血、养阴、祛风之品,为临床用药提供思考。展开更多
文摘The regulatory framework for mining operations is complex;the licensing process in particular typically involves several laws and a number of permits. This paper assumes that the regulatory framework is strongly influenced by the institutional framework of which it is part, and that it suffers from an institutional path dependence that may decrease the efficiency of the system as well as act barrier to the implementation of necessary environmental requirements. The paper provides: 1) a legal analysis of the regulatory framework governing mining operations in Sweden, Finland and Russia;and 2) a comparative analysis of the scope of the environmental assessment within the licensing process in the examined countries. The result of the analysis of the regulatory frameworks shows great similarity between the Swedish and the Finnish systems, both in terms of the overall structure and the implementation of substantive environmental rules. The Russian system differs in this respect, with more declarative rules and seemingly less substantive assessments. The results also indicate that the regulatory frameworks in all three countries show signs of institutional path dependence, but in very different degrees. Though Russia has indeed implemented major changes in the formal structure, very little has changed in practice. The Swedish regulatory framework for mining shows a deficient systematics and conflicting objectives, despite the implementation of a comprehensive environmental legislation. The recently reformed Finnish system seems to have a more holistic approach.
文摘目的采用数据挖掘技术探讨中医药治疗银屑病血燥证的用药规律。方法以“银屑病”OR“白庀”为主题词,“血燥”OR“养血润燥”为自由词,采用主题词与自由词结合的方式检索中国知网(CNKI)、维普全文数据库(VIP)及万方数据知识服务平台,根据纳入及排除标准,建立原始数据库,进一步规范数据后使用Microsoft Excel 2016对药物频数及性味归经进行分析,利用统计产品与服务解决方案25(Statistical Product and Service Solutions,SPSS 25)对高频药物进行聚类分析和采用IBM数据挖掘平台SPSS Modeler 18.0对高频药物进行关联规则分析。以此筛选出高频药物,从药物性味、归经、功效等角度,观察其治疗银屑病血燥证的规律;并分析药物间的相关性;得出新的核心处方。结果(1)共收集符合标准的处方共117首,涉及中药141味。(2)高频药物排名前十:生地黄、当归、土茯苓、甘草、鸡血藤、白鲜皮、麦冬、丹参、牡丹皮、川芎;药物功效分类以清热药、补虚药、活血化瘀药、解表药为主;药性以寒性、温性为主;药味以甘、苦、辛为主;归经以肝经、心经、胃经为主。(3)关联规则得出生地黄、土茯苓,生地黄、鸡血藤,当归、麦冬,当归、何首乌等核心药对。(4)聚类分析得出聚类方4个。结论中医药治疗银屑病血燥证以“润”为大法,在“润”的基础上常配合凉血、活血、补血、养阴、祛风之品,为临床用药提供思考。
