A Review of Data Cleaning Methods for Web Information System

Web information system(WIS)is frequently-used and indispensable in daily social life.WIS provides information services in many scenarios,such as electronic commerce,communities,and edutainment.Data cleaning plays an essential role in various WIS scenarios to improve the quality of data service.In this paper,we present a review of the state-of-the-art methods for data cleaning in WIS.According to the characteristics of data cleaning,we extract the critical elements of WIS,such as interactive objects,application scenarios,and core technology,to classify the existing works.Then,after elaborating and analyzing each category,we summarize the descriptions and challenges of data cleaning methods with sub-elements such as data&user interaction,data quality rule,model,crowdsourcing,and privacy preservation.Finally,we analyze various types of problems and provide suggestions for future research on data cleaning in WIS from the technology and interactive perspective.

我国非国家组织药品集中采购模式比较

目的比较分析我国各省市的药品集中采购方案及相关政策,探讨各地非国家组织药品集中采购模式的特点。方法围绕采购内容、采购规则等比较分析各地的非国家组织药品集中采购模式的特点,以及采购内容、采购环境、采购规则之间的内在关系。结果我国目前的非国家组织药品集中采购模式可划分为药品集中采购组织(group purchasing organization,GPO)、非过评仿制药带量采购、专项药品带量采购、带量议价以及分类采购框架下的带量采购5种。我国非国家组织药品集中采购的特点是分品种、分批次,以政府主导为主,执行机构主要为医疗保障局。结论目前,各地的非国家组织药品集中采购仅覆盖了部分品种的药品,对非过评仿制药进行集中采购是未来的重要趋势,建立公平、科学的质量分组规则是非国家组织药品集中采购亟待解决的重要技术问题。