Path-dependent speciation in dynamic fitness landscapes

Species is a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology and biodiversity.However,existing species definitions are often influenced by artificial factors or are challenging in practical application,leading to confusion in species classification.Due to uncertain environmental changes and random genetic drift,the fitness expectations of a population may shift,causing species to evolve to a new evolutionary state based on their current instantaneous fitness within a dynamic fitness landscape.This contrasts with the classic static fitness landscape,where fitness expectations are constant.In a dynamic fitness landscape,speciation may exhibit path dependence,where the evolution of traits follows a probabilistic path,creating feedback that shapes evolutionary trajectories.The path-dependent evolutionary mechanism suggests that species survival within an ecosystem is not directly determined by their fitness but by the probability of their evolutionary pathways.This model also indicates that species can coexist with varying probabilities under limited environmental pressures.Consequently,new species,cryptic species,or sympatric species may emerge via path-dependent evolutionary processes.Within this framework,we developed a mathematical species concept,which may guide future species classification methodologies.

Efficient method for measuring path dependence intensity of options

Based on the value sensitivity of options to underlying and corresponding treaty clauses, this paper poses a measuring method of path dependence intensity, which breaks the setup where the path dependence intensity is only classified roughly and which becomes a deep study on path-dependent options. Then, its feasibility, instructions, and application to compare the path dependence intensity of sorts of options will be discussed.

The Path Dependence of Enterprise Strategic Adjustment and Its Transcendence Analysis

The world today is in a period of great development and integration of economy,information,and technology,especially the high-tech industries represented by big data,cloud computing,and artificial intelligence.It is promoting the rapid increase of human productivity and leading the changes in various industries.Enterprises are facing more and more uncertain external environments.The previous organizational strategy,personnel structure,and operating strategies have been unable to adapt to the turbulent external environment,and innovation has become the norm.Therefore,how to find an innovative breakthrough point on the original strategic road on which to survive has become a matter of life and death.From the perspective of path dependence theory,this paper analyzes the characteristics of path dependence and transcendence path dependence during the adjustment of corporate strategy,and analyzes the internal causes and mechanisms of its generation with the help of the PEST model.Based on this,the negative impact of path dependence on the adjustment of the strategy was found.Furthermore,it was found above that the degree of transcendence path dependence in corporate strategic adjustment is determined by two factors:its ability to drive independent innovation in a dynamic environment and its ability to transform strategically.Finally,according to the research conclusions,it proposes countermeasures to overcome the path dependence of enterprises when adjusting their strategies,and provides suggestions for companies to find breakthrough points in disruptive innovation.

The Path Dependence of Enterprise Strategic Adjustment and Its Transcendence Analysis

The world today is in a period of great development and integration of economy,information,and technology,especially the high-tech industries represented by big data,cloud computing,and artificial intelligence.It is promoting the rapid increase of human productivity and leading the changes in various industries.Enterprises are facing more and more uncertain external environments.The previous organizational strategy,personnel structure,and operating strategies have been unable to adapt to the turbulent external environment,and innovation has become the norm.Therefore,how to find an innovative breakthrough point on the original strategic road on which to survive has become a matter of life and death.From the perspective of path dependence theory,this paper analyzes the characteristics of path dependence and transcendence path dependence during the adjustment of corporate strategy,and analyzes the internal causes and mechanisms of its generation with the help of the PEST model.Based on this,the negative impact of path dependence on the adjustment of the strategy was found.Furthermore,it was found above that the degree of transcendence path dependence in corporate strategic adjustment is determined by two factors:its ability to drive independent innovation in a dynamic environment and its ability to transform strategically.Finally,according to the research conclusions,it proposes countermeasures to overcome the path dependence of enterprises when adjusting their strategies,and provides suggestions for companies to find breakthrough points in disruptive innovation.

Lexicalized Dependency Paths Based Supervised Learning for Relation Extraction

Log-linear models and more recently neural network models used forsupervised relation extraction requires substantial amounts of training data andtime, limiting the portability to new relations and domains. To this end, we propose a training representation based on the dependency paths between entities in adependency tree which we call lexicalized dependency paths (LDPs). We showthat this representation is fast, efficient and transparent. We further propose representations utilizing entity types and its subtypes to refine our model and alleviatethe data sparsity problem. We apply lexicalized dependency paths to supervisedlearning using the ACE corpus and show that it can achieve similar performancelevel to other state-of-the-art methods and even surpass them on severalcategories.

Modeling of the loading path dependent magnetomechanical behavior of Galfenol alloy

The magnetomechanical behavior of single-crystal Galfenol alloy was found to be strongly dependent on the loading paths. An energy-based anisotropic domain rotation model, assuming that the interaction between domains can be ignored and the probability of the magnetic moment pointing along a particular direction is related to the free energy along this direction, is used to simulate the magnetostriction versus magnetic field and stress curve and to track the magnetic domain motion trail. The main reason for loading path dependent effect is the rotation/flipping of the magnetic domains under different loading paths. The effect of loading and unloading paths on 90° magnetic domain motion was studied by choosing different loading and unloading state and paths. The results show that prior loading magnetic field can make the 90° magnetic domains flip to the directions of 45°domains because the magnetic field is the driving force to make the domains rotate, and the final loading state and the loading path both have great influence on the motion of 90° magnetic domains.

Existence of Solutions to Path-Dependent Kinetic Equations and Related Forward-Backward Systems

This paper is devoted to path-dependent kinetics equations arising, in particular, from the analysis of the coupled backward-forward systems of equations of mean field games. We present local well-posedness, global existence and some regularity results for these equations.

The Algorithm of the Time-Dependent Shortest Path Problem with Time Windows

In this paper, we present a new algorithm of the time-dependent shortest path problem with time windows. Give a directed graph , where V is a set of nodes, E is a set of edges with a non-negative transit-time function . For each node , a time window ?within which the node may be visited and ?, is non-negative of the service and leaving time of the node. A source node s, a destination node d and a departure time?t0, the time-dependent shortest path problem with time windows asks to find an s, d-path that leaves a source node s at a departure time t0;and minimizes the total arrival time at a destination node d. This formulation generalizes the classical shortest path problem in which ce are constants. Our algorithm of the time windows gave the generalization of the ALT algorithm and A* algorithm for the classical problem according to Goldberg and Harrelson [1], Dreyfus [2] and Hart et al. [3].

Path Dependent Historical Development at Turkish Automotive Industry

Turkey’s automotive industry has begun to occur at a much earlier date compared to other developing countries,through licensing agreements to establish automotive industrial facilities,by importing a kind of technology.Attempts have been made in order to produce the domestic automobile road providing sectoral developments could enter another technology pathway.Moreover,the inventor of a very early date in the Fordist production system,such as 1929 by Ford Motor Company with the license agreement,as if he could provide for setting up production facilities in Istanbul’s company,this bad experience has refrained for years from entering as a manufacturer Ford Motor Turkey market.Thus,while Turkey is an attractive market for car production,on the other hand,sufficient improvement over time in the production of trucks and other automotive products,such as buses has not been achieved.The 1929 experience seems to have been effective in terms of Turkey.Because,it was necessary to wait until 1971 for OYAK and TOFAŞto establish automobile assembly facility with license agreements.With the start of production of two automotive industry facilities,there has been a significant increase in sectoral production figures,but this increase trend has not been sufficiently supported by the government through the incentive system and in the late 1970s the production of the automotive industry has declined.For the first time in 1961,efforts were made to produce a completely domestic automobile,although the prototype of the revolutionary car was successfully produced,mass production could not be started.Subsequently,the production of the Anadol automobile for the second time was tried by means of technology transfer from multiple sources and the serial production of this automobile continued for a while.However,since fiber glass bodywork was used instead of hair bodywork and export opportunities could not be found,production was stopped completely in the end of 1980s.In the 1980s,automobile production continued in two assembly plants and product diversification was carried out to increase the production volume.In the 1990s,three new assembly facilities,Honda,Toyota and Hyundai,were established and the number of assembly production facilities in the country increased to five and technology loyalty based on technology imports continued.Until 2014,the automotive industry continued to consist of five automobile assembly plants and other automotive products assembly plants.In 2015,it was announced to the public that a new domestic car prototype was produced.It was announced that the project will start mass production in 2019.However,it was determined that the prototype would be re-manufactured at the end of 2019 by making changes in the project and that it would be possible to start mass production in 2022.Thus,it is understood that the efforts to start mass production since 2015 can be concluded in 2022,i.e.7 years after the first prototype was produced.It can 161produce prototypes in a short period of four months in Turkey in 1961,as evidenced by an indication of the dependency on a long time wasting which is not technology importation pathway,such as five years.How to break the path of devotion demonstrates that it is a difficult job.Path dependency is thought to result from the education system.

基于产品空间分析的我国水果产品国际竞争力提升研究

基于路径依赖理论,使用2000—2020年联合国商品贸易数据库的新鲜水果类数据,构建中国水果产品的空间结构图,分析中国水果产品空间的路径依赖表征。研究发现:我国水果产品生产和出口存在明显的路径依赖特征;水果产品生产和出口的既成路径对国际竞争力的提升既有促进作用,又有抑制作用。据此,依托生产要素禀赋,巩固和强化比较优势,创造竞争优势是我国水果产业发展路径的必然选择;优化产业发展环境是提高我国水果产品国际竞争力的重要保障;加强企业管理创新,是提高我国水果产品国际竞争力的重要途径。

构建要素、逻辑序位与路径依赖:农村集体经济从“锁定”到“进阶”实证

农村集体经济是农村集体成员利用集体所有的资源要素开展经济活动的一种经济形态,这意味着最大化资源要素效用是农村集体经济发展的应有之义,是农村与城市一道实现共同富裕的重要途径。文章从经济组织资源要素配置研究文献切题,缕析了农村集体经济发展必备资源要素,并基于案例分析提出打开“黑箱”的逻辑线索,即“开眼”识资源、“格物”纠序位、“优术”明道路“三步进阶”理论假说。同时利用收集的案例数据,依次分析地理区位、制度(政策)、带头人(企业家精神)对农村集体经济发展的作用。结果表明,农村集体经济高质量发展的要素构成中,存在普适性的“地理区位→制度(政策)→带头人(企业家精神)→资本→技术→劳动力→土地”排列逻辑序位,不同序位的资源要素内生经济发展路径依赖。认为坚持最优序位要素本位、依赖精英农民、要素序位纠偏、精准立地最优序位要素引入外部要素是集体经济高质量发展良性路径依赖的四种表现,强化带头人能力提升、建立发展资源县域基础数据库、建立资源要素对接响应及纠偏机制等措施有助于推动农村集体经济高质量发展。

基于专利引文网络挖掘的技术研发路径识别与颠覆性创新信号探测研究

技术创新作为积蓄国家战略科技力量的重要环节,是打造科技强国、推动创新型国家建设的必由之路。在技术创新过程中,厘清技术竞争主体、技术演化路径、技术竞争阶段特征与演进趋势,是寻求技术赶超与创新发展面临的重要问题。本文从技术研发的路径依赖理论与颠覆性创新的技术不连续理论出发,基于专利引文网络分层视角,通过对高持续性知识贡献专利的挖掘,实现技术演化主路径的识别和颠覆性创新信号的探测,并以半导体材料领域为例进行了实证研究和分析。通过对半导体材料领域的技术演化路径的挖掘和颠覆性创新信号的探测,发现了“新型非易失性存储器”“化合物半导体衬底制备”“氮化镓基射频器件”“氮气反应溅射锌靶薄膜半导体材料”“无机半导体材料量子点”等具有较强颠覆性创新信号的半导体材料领域关键技术,同时发现宽禁带半导体材料正带来全球新一代电力电子与光电子技术的颠覆性变革,在此基础上,对半导体材料领域的技术研发路径和研发趋势进行了探讨。从实证研究及其应用效果来看,本文构建的基于专利引文网络挖掘的技术研发路径识别与颠覆性创新信号探测方法具有较强的实用性和领域拓展性,可以为科技界及产业界了解技术领域发展脉络和进行研发战略布局提供有效的情报支撑。

我国社区居家养老服务政策的变迁:历程、逻辑与展望——基于历史制度主义的分析

完善社区居家养老服务政策既是健全基本养老服务体系的内在要求,也是在“好好过日子”文化语境下实现“老有所养”的重要抓手。基于历史制度主义分析发现,我国社区居家养老服务政策经历了初步探索期、逐步成型期、快速发展期、提质增效期的变迁历程。从演变逻辑来看,制度背景催生了社区居家养老服务政策设立,关键节点影响了社区居家养老服务政策变迁,路径依赖驱动了社区居家养老服务政策强化。未来需要通过政策迭代升级,彰显社区居家养老服务作为准公共产品的社会性、公共性与生活性,推动社区居家养老服务高质量发展。

中国共产党党内问责制度的发展脉络与变迁逻辑——基于历史制度主义的分析视角

作为中国共产党管党治党、全面从严治党的重要方式,党内问责制度先后经历了初步发展期、曲折发展期、恢复发展期、全面发展期的百年求索之路。从历史制度主义的视角来看,党内问责制度的变迁是宏观环境、政治变量、关键节点和路径依赖相互作用的结果。制度环境的变化引发了党内问责制度的变迁,从严治党的政策理念等政治变量推动着党内问责制度的完善,关键节点决定了党内问责制度的走向,路径依赖使得党内问责制度不断强化。总体而言,党内问责制度的演变呈现出体系化、法治化的鲜明特征,展现了以坚持党的领导为根本、以抓住“关键少数”为指引、以全覆盖监督为途径的历史经验,是中国共产党党内法规制度体系不断发展完善的缩影。

论应用型高校“专创融合”的路径依赖与突破

“专创融合”贯穿应用型高校人才培养的全过程,且有着特殊的内在发展逻辑。应用型高校要消弭传统专业教育和创新创业教育的路径依赖,突破来自认知、技术、功能和行政等方面的路径锁定,需聚焦理念、实践、管理与保障等环节,强化内部治理,推进外部协同,构建以体制创新为核心的“三链四融合”教育发展模式。

增强依存结构表达的零样本跨语言事件论元角色分类

事件论元角色分类是事件抽取中的子任务,旨在为事件中的候选论元分配相应的角色。事件语料标注规则复杂、人力耗费大,在很多语言中缺少相关标注文本。零样本跨语言事件论元角色分类可以利用源语言的丰富语料建立模型,然后直接应用于标注语料匮乏的目标语言端。围绕不同语言的事件文本在依存结构上的表达共性,提出了使用BiGRU网络模块对触发词到候选论元的依存路径信息进行额外编码的方法。本文设计的编码模块能灵活地与当前主流的基于深度学习框架的事件论元角色分类模型相联合。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法能更有效地完成跨语言迁移,提高多个基准模型的分类性能。

多层次、多支柱体系中的个人养老金制度——路径依赖与制度完善

在20世纪90年代,中国已提出了构建“多层次”养老保险体系的构想。受现实条件影响,中国的“多层次”与世界银行的“多支柱”理念虽然相似但也存在着明显的差别——“多层次”子制度之间只具备叠加性,而不具备“多支柱”的独立性。在中国养老保险制度目标转化为“多层次、多支柱”的情况下,个人养老金制度迎来了最好的发展契机。与此同时,受路径依赖效应的影响,个人养老金制度不仅面临公共养老金制度的约束,还需面对各方主体间关系不清,制度目标未形成合力等挑战,由此导致财税优惠补贴政策、剥离个人账户以及建立统一平台等举措陷入两难困境。为此,建议:一是引入有条件的高额缴费与城镇职工基本养老保险制度缴费关联的机制;二是构建企业(职业)年金与个人养老金制度协调机制,尽力消除扩大产品规模的障碍;三是切实保障个人养老金制度各方参与者的利益。

长三角工业碳锁定的测算及解锁途径研究

通过对长三角地区工业2010—2019年的碳排放量和碳汇的测算,以两者的差值记为该地区的碳超载量,再用碳超载率(碳超载量/碳汇量)来代表碳锁定程度,探究长三角地区的碳锁定情况,然后,基于误差修正模型(ECM模型)分析长三角地区碳锁定的影响因素。结果表明:(1)2010—2019年,长三角地区的碳锁定问题一直存在,且程度一直在加深。(2)规模经济的产生和沉没成本的投入对碳锁定都有促进作用。(3)能源碳排放强度对碳锁定影响程度最大,降低能耗水平、减小对高碳技术的依赖对碳锁定有很强的抑制作用。(4)工业规模以上工业企业数量、固定资产投资额、能源碳排放程度、煤炭消费量这4个变量在长期和短期的效应水平存在不同程度的差别。据此提出了相关政策建议。

疾病高发区饮食行为的社会文化机制研究——以广东省消化道肿瘤为例

以广东省消化道肿瘤高发区——潮汕地区为例,援引路径依赖与场域-惯习理论,应用定量和定性混合研究的方法,从社会文化机制的视角,通过对潮汕人工夫茶与腌制食品饮食习惯的分析,解释为何非健康的地方性饮食行为仍然具有强大的文化惯性。研究认为:潮汕人对工夫茶香味的追求、传统特殊茶艺文化的日常化以及功夫茶所附加的现代社交属性等因素,不断锁定与强化了以热饮为特征的工夫茶品饮方式;民间食用杂咸的传统习俗、快节奏现代生活下对快捷饮食的需求以及本地人对海鲜食材原始风味的追求,是腌制食品在潮汕地区持续风行的直接因素。在潮汕饮食场域中,惯习是一种社会化的主观性,具有强大的无意识、结构化力量。这种社会力量型塑了集体性饮食行为的路径,让社会行动者自觉进入一个自然的、充满意义的生活空间。既往医学或健康地理观点大多聚焦于地理环境、疾病、饮食习惯三者之间的联系,本研究所揭示的饮食行为路径依赖中的社会文化机制,对这种联系的理解具有较好的拓展意义,也有助于为疾病预防提供新的思路和建议。

非物质文化遗产保护的现代性困境及其突破

在中国语境中,现代性问题面临着比西方更为复杂的理论问题和实践状况,既需厘清现代与传统之间错综复杂的纠葛,又要正确认识和处理普遍性与特殊性的内在张力。在非遗保护实践中,上述结构性张力表现得尤为明显。我国的现代性转型为非遗保护提供了机遇,但也给非遗保护带来了多重困境。在现代性境遇中,由于脱域机制、信任系统、反思性监控和制度体系等因素的根本性影响,非遗保护出现路径依赖之困,保护内生动力不足,保护对象出现片段化。因而,突破现代性语境下非遗保护的各种困境,需要从市场体系重构、社会信任体系重塑和反思性机制完善等方面着手,促进非遗保护动力的增强和文化生态的重建,最终推动非遗实现创造性转化和创新性发展。