Whole-plant soybean ensiling has limitations and challenges that affect silage fermentation patterns and reduce ruminal nutrient degradation. Perhaps either the addition of molasses at ensiling or harvesting at differ...Whole-plant soybean ensiling has limitations and challenges that affect silage fermentation patterns and reduce ruminal nutrient degradation. Perhaps either the addition of molasses at ensiling or harvesting at different phenological stages has the potential to enhance whole-plant soybean silage (WSS) ruminal degradation. This experiment was a completely randomized design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating the effects of molasses (0 and 40 g/kg fresh forage) and phenological stage (R5: beginning seed, R6: full seed, and R7: beginning maturity) on ruminal in situ degradation. Molasses increased effective ruminal degradability (ERD) of dry matter (DM) regardless of the phenological stage and increased ERD of crude protein at R5 and R6. The addition of molasses at later phenological stages increased ERD of neutral detergent fiber (NDF). There was a molasses × phenological stage interaction effect with greater fractions A and B of NDF at R7 and R5, respectively, but lower undegraded NDF at R5 and R6 with molasses addition. Although the benefits of adding molasses were more pronounced in R5 and R6, adding molasses to whole-plant soybean at ensiling is recommended regardless of phenological stage. Increasing the proportion of digestible nutrients at harvesting either by harvesting at later phenological stages or the addition of molasses is a powerful strategy to manage ruminal degradation of DM and nutrients in WSS.展开更多
Inoculation of alfalfa seedlings with root growth promoting microorganisms under semi-arid climate condition may improve biomass production and nutritive value.The current study aimed to investigate the effect of inoc...Inoculation of alfalfa seedlings with root growth promoting microorganisms under semi-arid climate condition may improve biomass production and nutritive value.The current study aimed to investigate the effect of inoculation of alfalfa seedlings with Piriformospora indica(Pi) and co-inoculating Pi with Glomus intraradices(Gi+Pi) or Sinorhizobium meliloti(Sm+Pi) on hay yield,chemical composition,molecular structures by Fourier transformed infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy,in situ ruminal degradability and in vitro gas production.Seedlings were grown in experimental pots in a greenhouse until first cut and then transferred outside and cut a further 4 times.Biomass yield was similar across the treatments.Acid detergent fiber(ADF) concentration was higher in Pi than in control hay,and ADF decreased further with co-inoculation(P < 0.05).The ether extract(EE) concentration was lower for Pi and Gi+Pi compared with control hay,and control,Pi and Gi+Pi hays had lower EE concentration compared with Sm+Pi(P < 0.05).The FTIR spectroscopic vibration peak height ratio related to proteins(amide1+amide 2): total carbohydrate ratio was lower for the inoculation treatments compared with control hay(P < 0.05).In situ ruminal degradability of dry matter and organic matter were higher for hay of inoculated and co-inoculated seedlings than for control hay(P < 0.05).In conclusion,hay of alfalfa seedlings inoculated and co-inoculated with root growth promoting microorganisms had improved nutritional value compared with hay from non-treated alfalfa seedlings,and co-inoculation was the most effective,however,changes were relatively minor.展开更多
文摘Whole-plant soybean ensiling has limitations and challenges that affect silage fermentation patterns and reduce ruminal nutrient degradation. Perhaps either the addition of molasses at ensiling or harvesting at different phenological stages has the potential to enhance whole-plant soybean silage (WSS) ruminal degradation. This experiment was a completely randomized design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating the effects of molasses (0 and 40 g/kg fresh forage) and phenological stage (R5: beginning seed, R6: full seed, and R7: beginning maturity) on ruminal in situ degradation. Molasses increased effective ruminal degradability (ERD) of dry matter (DM) regardless of the phenological stage and increased ERD of crude protein at R5 and R6. The addition of molasses at later phenological stages increased ERD of neutral detergent fiber (NDF). There was a molasses × phenological stage interaction effect with greater fractions A and B of NDF at R7 and R5, respectively, but lower undegraded NDF at R5 and R6 with molasses addition. Although the benefits of adding molasses were more pronounced in R5 and R6, adding molasses to whole-plant soybean at ensiling is recommended regardless of phenological stage. Increasing the proportion of digestible nutrients at harvesting either by harvesting at later phenological stages or the addition of molasses is a powerful strategy to manage ruminal degradation of DM and nutrients in WSS.
文摘Inoculation of alfalfa seedlings with root growth promoting microorganisms under semi-arid climate condition may improve biomass production and nutritive value.The current study aimed to investigate the effect of inoculation of alfalfa seedlings with Piriformospora indica(Pi) and co-inoculating Pi with Glomus intraradices(Gi+Pi) or Sinorhizobium meliloti(Sm+Pi) on hay yield,chemical composition,molecular structures by Fourier transformed infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy,in situ ruminal degradability and in vitro gas production.Seedlings were grown in experimental pots in a greenhouse until first cut and then transferred outside and cut a further 4 times.Biomass yield was similar across the treatments.Acid detergent fiber(ADF) concentration was higher in Pi than in control hay,and ADF decreased further with co-inoculation(P < 0.05).The ether extract(EE) concentration was lower for Pi and Gi+Pi compared with control hay,and control,Pi and Gi+Pi hays had lower EE concentration compared with Sm+Pi(P < 0.05).The FTIR spectroscopic vibration peak height ratio related to proteins(amide1+amide 2): total carbohydrate ratio was lower for the inoculation treatments compared with control hay(P < 0.05).In situ ruminal degradability of dry matter and organic matter were higher for hay of inoculated and co-inoculated seedlings than for control hay(P < 0.05).In conclusion,hay of alfalfa seedlings inoculated and co-inoculated with root growth promoting microorganisms had improved nutritional value compared with hay from non-treated alfalfa seedlings,and co-inoculation was the most effective,however,changes were relatively minor.
