Voluntary wheel running ameliorated the deleterious effects of high-fat diet on glucose metabolism,gut microbiota and microbial-associated metabolites

Exercise training is critical for the early prevention and treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus.However,the mechanism with gut microbiota and fecal metabolites underlying the effects of voluntary wheel running on high-fat diet induced abnormal glucose metabolism has not been fully elaborated.C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups according to diets(fed with normal chow diet or high-fat diet)and running paradigm(housed in static cage or with voluntary running wheel).An integrative 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolites profiling was synchronously performed to characterize the effects of voluntary wheel running on gut microbiota and metabolites.It showed that voluntary wheel running prevented the detrimental effects of high-fat feeding on glucose metabolism 16S rDNA sequencing showed remarkable changes in Rikenella and Marvinbryantia genera.Metabolic profiling indicated multiple altered metabolites,which were enriched in secondary bile acid biosynthesis signaling.In conclusion,our study indicated that voluntary wheel running significantly improved glucose metabolism and counteracted the deleterious effects of high-fat feeding on body weight and glucose intolerance.We further found that voluntary wheel running could integratively program gut microbiota composition and fecal metabolites changes,and may regulate muricholic acid metabolism and secondary bile acid biosynthesis in high-fat fed mice.

Enhancement of motor functional recovery in thoracic spinal cord injury: voluntary wheel running versus forced treadmill exercise

Spinal cord injury necessitates effective rehabilitation strategies, with exercise therapies showing promise in promoting recovery. This study investigated the impact of rehabilitation exercise on functional recovery and morphological changes following thoracic contusive spinal cord injury. After a 7-day recovery period after spinal cord injury, mice were assigned to either a trained group(10 weeks of voluntary running wheel or forced treadmill exercise) or an untrained group. Bi-weekly assessments revealed that the exercise-trained group, particularly the voluntary wheel exercise subgroup, displayed significantly improved locomotor recovery, more plasticity of dopaminergic and serotonin modulation compared with the untrained group. Additionally, exercise interventions led to gait pattern restoration and enhanced transcranial magnetic motor-evoked potentials. Despite consistent injury areas across groups, exercise training promoted terminal innervation of descending axons. In summary, voluntary wheel exercise shows promise for enhancing outcomes after thoracic contusive spinal cord injury, emphasizing the role of exercise modality in promoting recovery and morphological changes in spinal cord injuries. Our findings will influence future strategies for rehabilitation exercises, restoring functional movement after spinal cord injury.

Poor Wheel-Running Exercise Can Decrease Blood Pressure through Hormonal Control and Increase Endurance Exercise Capacity in Middle-Aged Normal Rats

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of voluntary wheel-running (WR) on body weight (BW), waist circumference, mesenteric fat mass (MFM), adipocyte size, circulating cytokines/hormones, blood pressure (BP) and exercise endurance capacity in 11-month-old normal rats. Three-week WR with about 0.2 km of daily running distance caused a gradual loss in BW despite an increased intake of food/water. MFM decreased as daily running distance increased. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between MFM and BW, waist circumference or adipocyte size. On the other hand, WR significantly decreased systolic/diastolic BPs, and increased endurance exercise capacity. WR rat sera contained lower concentrations of angiotensin II, aldosterone, vasopressin and endothelin-1 and higher concentration of brain natriuretic peptide compared with sedentary rat sera. Thus, WR-induced reduction in resting BPs may be accomplished by attenuated vasoconstriction, enhanced vasodilatation and reduction in blood volume. In addition, circulating vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 were higher in WR rats, suggesting angiogenesis, anti-inflammation and insulin-sensitization. These results support a prevalent idea that daily light-exercise is a potential strategy for preventing metabolic syndrome.

运动调节Nrf2/HO-1通路改善HFFC膳食诱导肝细胞氧化应激的作用研究

目的探究自主跑轮运动能否调控Nrf2/HO-1通路影响肝氧化应激从而缓解HFFC膳食诱导的肝脂质沉积。方法将8周龄C57BL/6J小鼠适应性饲养1周后随机分为普通饮食组(NC组,n=10)和高脂肪、果糖和胆固醇饮食组(HFFC组,n=20)。饲养10周后将HFFC组分为安静组(HFFC组,n=10)和HFFC结合运动干预组(HFFC+EX组,n=10)。HFFC+EX组小鼠笼中装有自主跑轮供其自由活动,每天记录跑轮圈数,连续8周。末次干预结束后间隔24 h禁食12 h处死小鼠,取血液和肝进行检测。结果(1)HFFC饮食诱导小鼠的体重、肝重及肝指数显著高于NC组,运动干预后显著降低(P<0.05);(2)与NC组相比,HFFC组小鼠HDL-C和LDL-C显著升高,运动干预8周后LDL-C水平显著降低(P<0.05);(3)HFFC组小鼠肝脂滴面积及肝TG含量显著高于NC组,而HFFC+EX组显著减少(P<0.05);(4)与NC组相比,HFFC组小鼠氧化酶MDA含量显著上升,Nrf2入核及基因表达显著减少,运动干预后SOD和T-AOC活性明显增强,Nrf2入核及基因表达、HO-1和SOD-1的表达水平显著升高(P<0.05);(5)HFFC饮食组小鼠肝细胞凋亡数及CHOP表达水平较NC组显著增加,运动组肝细胞凋亡数、CHOP和Bax/Bcl-2表达水平显著下降(P<0.05)。结论自主跑轮运动可通过调节Nrf2/HO-1通路减轻HFFC膳食诱导的肝脂质沉积,从而缓解肝细胞氧化应激状态,减少细胞凋亡。

A novel small-animal locomotor activity recording device for biological clock research

The rodent running-wheel recording apparatus is a reliable approach for studying cir-cadian rhythm.This study demonstrated how to construct a simple and intelligent running-wheel recording system.The running wheel was attached to the cage's base,whereas the Hall sensor was attached to the cage's cover.Then,the RJ25 adaptor relayed the running signal to the main control board.Finally,the main control board was connected to the USB port of the computer with the USB connection.Data were collected using the online-accessible,self-created software Magturning.Through Magturning,generated data were saved and exported in real time.Afterward,the device was validated by collecting data on the locomotor activities of mice under dif-ferent light conditions.In conclusion,this new device can record circadian activity of rodents.Our device is appropriate for interdisciplinary investigations related to biological clock research.

Spontaneous running wheel improves neuroprotection efficacy of ischemic postconditioning in mice following ischemia/reperfusion injury

Ischemic postconditioning(IP)has been shown to provide protection for ischemia/reperfusion(IR)injury,but its efficacy is limited.In this study we hypothesized that spontaneous running wheel(RW)could improve neuroprotection efficacy of IP for IR.We established mouse models of IR and showed that compared to Sham group,IR group had obvious brain infract and neurological dysfunction.In IR+IP group,brain infract and neurological dysfunction improved compared to IR group.However,in IR+IP+RW group brain infract and neurological dysfunction improved much better.TUNEL assay showed that IP but not RW significantly reduced the number of apoptotic cells after IR.However,the number of apoptotic cells was significantly reduced in RW+IP group.In addition,the levels of pro-apoptotic factors increased in IR group but significantly reduced in IR+IP+RW group,while the levels of antiapoptotic factors decreased in IR group but significantly increased in IR+IP+RW group.Moreover,in IR+IP+RW group,MDA level was further decreased and SOD level was further increased compared to IR+IP group.Finally,both PI3K inhibitor and STAT3 inhibitor significantly worsened brain infract and neurological dysfunction and promoted apoptosis in IR mice.In conclusion,RW combined with IP reduces brain infract and neurological dysfunction in mice after IR,and this is associated with enhanced anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant benefits via the activation of PI3K and STAT3 pathways.

Non-pneumatic mechanical elastic wheel natural dynamic characteristics and influencing factors

Non-pneumatic tire appears to have advantages over traditional pneumatic tire in terms of flat proof and maintenance free.A mechanical elastic wheel(MEW) with a non-pneumatic elastic outer ring which functions as air of pneumatic tire was presented.The structure of MEW was non-inflatable integrated configuration and the effect of hinges was accounted for only in tension. To establish finite element model of MEW, various nonlinear factors, such as geometrical nonlinearity, material nonlinearity and contact nonlinearity, were considered. Load characteristic test was conducted by tyre dynamic test-bed to obtain force-deflection curve. And the finite element model was validated through load characteristic test. Natural dynamic characteristics of the MEW and its influencing factors were investigated based on the finite element model. Simulation results show that the finite element model closely matched experimental wheel. The results also show that natural frequency is related to ground constraints, material properties, loads and torques. Influencing factors as above obviously affect the amplitude of mode of vibration, but have little effect on mode of vibration shape. The results can provide guidance for experiment research, structural optimization of MEW.

Effect of Run - in Ratios on the Mechanical Properties of Two - Guide Bars Warp - Knitted Fabrics

Warp knitting technology gets rapid development at present and becomes one of the most important parts of the textiles.But it is less known how the parameters of warp knitting technology affect the mechanical properties of warp-knitted fabrics.This paper presents discuss a research on the relationships between run-in ratio and mechanical properties of the two-bar warp-knittedfabrics through the measurement and analysis of the mechanical properties of various samples with different run-in ratios.The optimal run一in ratios for the reasonable mechanical properties are obtained from above dis-

自主运动训练通过调节Caspase-3的活性抑制人BRCA1突变乳腺癌的增殖与生长

目的探讨自主运动训练在乳腺癌发生发展中的作用及其机制。方法将携带原发性人乳腺癌基因1(breast cancer gene 1,BRCA-1)突变基因的癌细胞在体外进行培养,用连续14 d自主跑轮运动鼠血清以及静坐鼠血清处理BRCA-1突变肿瘤细胞,并将上述条件血清培养的乳腺癌细胞注射到BALB/c裸鼠皮下,观察经过不同处理后体内外BRCA-1突变乳腺癌细胞及移植瘤的情况。结果在体外,与静坐鼠血清处理组相比,自主运动鼠血清处理后抑制了BRCA-1突变乳腺癌细胞的活力、生长,促进其凋亡,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);在体内,自主运动鼠血清培养的BRCA-1突变乳腺癌细胞移植瘤较静坐对照组体积减小、生长缓慢(P<0.05),体内外自主运动组均呈现出增强的Caspase-3活性(P<0.05)。结论自主跑轮运动可能通过增强Caspase3的活性、抑制了BRCA1突变乳腺癌细胞以及其在BALB/c裸鼠皮下异种移植瘤的增殖、促进肿瘤细胞凋亡,从而抑制其体内外的生长。

Microstructural Characteristics and Wear Performance of Plasma Sprayed Al_2O_3-13 wt. % TiO_2 Coating on the Surface of Extrusion Wheel

The conventional Al2O3-13 wt. % TiO2 composite ceramic coatings are fabricated by plasma spraying on the surface of extrusion wheel. The microstrueture, morphology and phase compositions of the substrate and coat- ing are investigated by using X-ray diffractometry （XRD） , scanning electron microsopy （SEM） and energy dis- persive spectroscopy （EDS）. Moreover, the microhardness of the substrate and the coating are investigated using Vickers mierohardness tester, the friction and wear behaviors of the substrate and the coating are investigated by using a block-on-ring tribometer under dry sliding conditions with the load of 245 N. The results show that both γ-Al2O3 and α-Al2O3 phases are observed in the as-sprayed coatings, the mian phase is γ-Al2O3. There are white particulates Al2O3 on its surface. The Al2O3-13 wt. % TiO2 coating possesses higher mierohardness which is about 1018HV and 1.6 times that of the substrate. The wear performance of coating is better than that of the substrate. In a practical application, the life of the extrusion wheel which is plasma sprayed Al2O3-13 wt. % TiO2 coating on the surface is 1.2 times that of the conventional extrusion wheel, and the life is about 330 h.

走行轮失效对单轨车辆安全性及平稳性的影响

单轨车辆走行轮为充气橡胶轮胎,容易因磨耗、穿刺而失气、漏气,导致走行轮失效。走行轮失效对车辆运行安全性及平稳性有重大影响,本文在单轨车辆走行轮动力学模型上进行走行轮失效处理,研究走行轮失效对单轨车辆运行安全性和平稳性的影响。研究结果表明:空载和满载工况任一走行轮失效以(5~30)km/h速度行驶在半径100m左转弯道时,轮轨力均大于正常行驶工况,运行安全性差;同侧走行轮失效时对运行安全性的规律相同,左侧走形轮失效工况最恶劣;横向平稳性等级合格,垂向平稳性部分合格,建议以10km/h的速度行驶到维修中心。

TM-KSB型全自动磨胶辊机

介绍TM-KSB型全自动磨胶辊机的工作流程和性能优势,以磨砺直径为30 mm的J465A型胶辊纺集聚纺C 7.3 tex纱为例,对比分析了全自动磨胶辊机的应用效果。指出:TM-KSB型全自动磨胶辊机自动化程度高,磨砺胶辊省人工、表面粗糙度Ra值小、工作效率高、外径一致性好,具有适用范围广、自动修正砂轮和清洁砂轮、安全可靠、故障率低等优势;磨砺胶辊上机走熟期短,成纱质量好。

跑轮和跑台运动干预模式对AD动物模型脑内β-淀粉样蛋白的影响

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s Disease,AD)是一种发生于老年前期、进行性起病的神经退行性疾病。AD的病因学机制非常复杂,大脑皮质和脑边缘系统(主要是海马区)β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)沉积形成老年斑是AD发病的最主要病理因素。分析主动跑轮运动和被动跑台运动干预模式对AD动物模型脑内Aβ的影响。结果显示:主动跑轮和被动跑台运动不同程度地抑制了AD动物模型脑内Aβ的水平,进而改善AD动物的认知功能和病症,对防治AD具有积极效应。

α-分泌酶在自主运动调节APP/PS1转基因小鼠海马APP与Aβ42中的作用研究

目的:探讨α-分泌酶在16周自主跑轮运动调节APP/PS1转基因小鼠海马APP水解与Aβ42生成中的作用。方法:24只C57系APP/PS1转基因小鼠,随机分为自主跑轮运动组(TE,n=12)和对照组(TC,n=12);同时选取C57系野生型小鼠24只,随机分为自主跑轮运动组(E,n=12)和对照组(C,n=12)。TE组和E组小鼠从3月龄开始,除给予正常饮食、饮水外,给予16周的自主跑轮运动,TC组和C组小鼠给予正常饮食、饮水,不运动。采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR实验检测各组小鼠海马α-分泌酶家族的3种主要成员ADAM9、ADAM10和ADAM17mRNA表达水平,采用Western Blot实验检测各组小鼠海马APP、ADAM10和Aβ42蛋白表达水平。结果:1)16周的自主跑轮运动极显著性上调了APP/PS1转基因小鼠海马ADAM10mRNA表达水平(P<0.01),同时显著性上调了转基因小鼠海马ADAM10蛋白表达水平(P<0.05);2)16周的自主跑轮运动显著上调了APP/PS1转基因小鼠海马ADAM17 mRNA表达水平(P<0.05);3)16周的自主跑轮运动显著性下调了APP/PS1转基因小鼠海马APP(P<0.05)和Aβ42(P<0.05)的蛋白表达水平。结论:16周的自主跑轮运动可通过促进APP/PS1转基因小鼠海马α-分泌酶基因表达进而降低转基因小鼠海马APP的水平,并抑制APP水解产生Aβ42的水平。

考虑轮轨多点接触关系的车轨系统地震响应分析

为研究地震作用下轮轨多点接触关系及其对车轨系统地震响应的影响,本文基于虚拟渗透理论分析了轮轨多点接触的几何关系,采用修正的Kik-Piotrowski方法和Kalker线性理论求解轮轨接触力,并建立了地震作用下考虑轮轨多点接触关系的列车-无砟轨道系统模型;以某高速铁路为对象,研究了车轨系统的地震响应及列车的行车安全性。研究结果表明:地震作用下轮轨之间会出现2点接触情况,次接触斑对轮轨接触行为具有重要影响;轮轨多点接触关系对地震作用下的轮轴横向力和脱轨系数具有重要影响,不考虑该多点接触关系会低估列车的行车安全性;车轮抬升量对地震动强度不是特别敏感。

轮式拖拉机行走系典型结构及轮距计算和优化

国内外典型的轮式拖拉机行走系结构介绍;结合国内典型区域对拖拉机轮距的要求,介绍轮距与农艺、机具等的适应性;对两种典型行走系结构的轮距提出简便的计算方法,并提出优化措施。

高强酸洗产线活套车轮轴承故障分析与改进

活套作为高强酸洗产线中重要的设备之一,其运行的正常与否直接关系到整个产线运行和质量稳定性。重点分析高强酸洗活套与类似酸轧产线活套及活套车轮设计结构、优缺点,并针对活套车轮轴承故障采取相关改进措施,保证活套车体的稳定运行及日常有效维护。

自主运动介导Aβ降解酶调控Tg-APP/PS1小鼠海马Aβ沉积的机制研究

目的:探析β-淀粉样蛋白(β-amyloid,Aβ)降解酶在自主运动调节APP/PS1转基因(Tg-APP/PS1)小鼠海马Aβ沉积过程中的作用机制。方法:C57系Tg-APP/PS1小鼠和C57系野生小鼠各34只分别随机分为Tg-APP/PS1自主运动组(TE,n=17),Tg-APP/PS1安静对照组(TC,n=17),野生自主运动组(E,n=17)和野生安静对照组(C,n=17)。TE组和E组小鼠从3月龄开始,除给予日常饮食和饮水,施以16周自主运动,TC组和C组小鼠仅给予正常饮食、饮水。实时定量RT-PCR实验检测海马Aβ降解酶脑啡肽酶(neprilysin,NEP)、胰岛素降解酶(insulin degrading enzyme,IDE)、血管紧张素转化酶(angiotensin-converting enzyme,ACE)、内皮素转化酶(endothelin-converting enzyme,ECE)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrix metalloproteinase 9,MMP-9)和纤溶酶(Plasmin,PL)的mRNA表达水平,Western blot实验检测NEP、IDE、ACE和MMP-9的蛋白表达,免疫组化实验检测Aβ斑块沉积情况。结果:1)16周自主运动促进了Tg-APP/PS1小鼠海马NEP和IDE mRNA表达的极显著性上调(P<0.01),促进了ACE、MMP-9和PL mRNA表达的显著性上调(P<0.05);2)16周自主运动促进了Tg-APP/PS1小鼠海马IDE蛋白表达极显著性上调(P<0.01),促进了NEP、ACE和MMP-9的蛋白表达显著性上调(P<0.05);3)16周自主运动显著性下调了Tg-APP/PS1小鼠海马Aβ沉积(P<0.01)。结论:自主运动可通过上调海马内Aβ降解酶的基因和蛋白表达进而抑制Tg-APP/PS1小鼠海马内的Aβ沉积。

有轨运行式起重机车轮许用载荷计算

有轨运行式起重机车轮许用载荷都是按照GB/T 3811—2008《起重机设计规范》中给出的公式进行计算的,为了让从事起重机设计的专业人员更加深入理解计算公式,详细介绍了计算公式的整个推导过程,并根据铸造起重机大车运行机构的工作特点,提出一个简化后的计算公式,方便设计人员使用。

长期自主转轮跑运动对小鼠脾淋巴细胞钙稳态,IL-2分泌及钙调基因表达的影响

目的:通过构建动物模型,研究运动对淋巴细胞钙稳态、IL-2分泌及钙调基因表达影响,以探讨长期适量强度运动调控免疫机能的分子机制。方法:相互匹配雄性小白鼠随机被分成控制组和实验组,实验组执行长期自主转轮跑运动6个月,淋巴细胞分离自小鼠脾脏,胞内钙离子浓度通过荧光稳态/瞬态分析系统测量荧光探针负载细胞悬液而确定,ELISA法检测Con A体外刺激对淋巴细胞分泌IL-2水平的影响,实时荧光定量PCR法检测细胞相关钙调基因表达。结果:不管在含钙缓冲液还是在不含钙PBS溶液中,实验组OKT-3诱导淋巴细胞内钙离子浓度变化幅度显著高于控制组(P<0.05,n=5);实验组Con A体外刺激诱导培养细胞IL-2分泌水平显著高于控制组(P<0.05,n=6);实验组淋巴细胞内钙调节基因STIM1和ORAI1核酸表达水平显著低于控制组(P<0.05,n=5)。结论:长期自主转轮跑运动可促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞钙离子信号转导敏感性,提高体外刺激诱发淋巴细胞分泌IL-2水平,推测胞内钙稳态调控基因表达下调可能是一种负反馈机制,以防止运动诱发的胞内钙稳态失衡,当然这仍需进一步的实验深入研究运动的调控机理。