Transition Periods Between Sea Ice Concentration and Sea Surface Air Temperature in the Arctic Revealed by an Abnormal Running Correlation

This study used the synthetic running correlation coefficient calculation method to calculate the running correlation coefficients between the daily sea ice concentration(SIC) and sea surface air temperature(SSAT) in the Beaufort-Chukchi-East Siberian-Laptev Sea(BCEL Sea), Kara Sea and southern Chukchi Sea, with an aim to understand and measure the seasonally occurring changes in the Arctic climate system. The similarities and differences among these three regions were also discussed. There are periods in spring and autumn when the changes in SIC and SSAT are not synchronized, which is a result of the seasonally occurring variation in the climate system. These periods are referred to as transition periods. Spring transition periods can be found in all three regions, and the start and end dates of these periods have advancing trends. The multiyear average duration of the spring transition periods in the BCEL Sea, Kara Sea and southern Chukchi Sea is 74 days, 57 days and 34 days, respectively. In autumn, transition periods exist in only the southern Chukchi Sea, with a multiyear average duration of only 16 days. Moreover, in the Kara Sea, positive correlation events can be found in some years, which are caused by weather time scale processes.

Enhancement of motor functional recovery in thoracic spinal cord injury: voluntary wheel running versus forced treadmill exercise

Spinal cord injury necessitates effective rehabilitation strategies, with exercise therapies showing promise in promoting recovery. This study investigated the impact of rehabilitation exercise on functional recovery and morphological changes following thoracic contusive spinal cord injury. After a 7-day recovery period after spinal cord injury, mice were assigned to either a trained group(10 weeks of voluntary running wheel or forced treadmill exercise) or an untrained group. Bi-weekly assessments revealed that the exercise-trained group, particularly the voluntary wheel exercise subgroup, displayed significantly improved locomotor recovery, more plasticity of dopaminergic and serotonin modulation compared with the untrained group. Additionally, exercise interventions led to gait pattern restoration and enhanced transcranial magnetic motor-evoked potentials. Despite consistent injury areas across groups, exercise training promoted terminal innervation of descending axons. In summary, voluntary wheel exercise shows promise for enhancing outcomes after thoracic contusive spinal cord injury, emphasizing the role of exercise modality in promoting recovery and morphological changes in spinal cord injuries. Our findings will influence future strategies for rehabilitation exercises, restoring functional movement after spinal cord injury.

Change in stature by walking and running at a preferred transition speed

This study aimed to measure stature changes during and after walking and running at a preferred transition speed (PTS) and the recovery period, and to examine differences caused by loads imposed on the spinal column. Seven males and three females aged 22-41 years took part in this study. Subjects The subjects underwent 15 minutes of walking or running on a treadmill in a random order. Stature changes were measured during each exercise at intervals of 5 minutes and after a 20 minute standing recovery period within units of 0.01 mm. Two- way ANOVA revealed that both main factors, gait (F = 5.250, P < 0.05) and elapsed time (F = 14.409, P < 0.05), had a significant effect on stature. In the post hoc test, stature shrank with time and its loss was found to be greater in running than in walking, but recovered after both exercises. In conclusion, the spinal load increases with time during both walking and running at PTS, but is greater in running than in walking. After both exercises, spinal shrinkage shows a similar recovery process and recovers faster in walking to its pre-exercise level.

SmartMicro Grid Energy System Management Based on Optimum Running Cost for Rural Communities in Rwanda

The governmental electric utility and the private sector are joining hands to meet the target of electrifying all households by 2024.However,the aforementioned goal is challenged by households that are scattered in remote areas.So far,Solar Home Systems(SHS)have mostly been applied to increase electricity access in rural areas.SHSs have continuous constraints to meet electricity demands and cannot run income-generating activities.The current research presents the feasibility study of electrifying Remera village with the smart microgrid as a case study.The renewable energy resources available in Remera are the key sources of electricity in that village.The generation capacity is estimated based on the load profile.The microgrid configurations are simulated with HOMER,and the genetic algorithm is used to analyze the optimum cost.By analyzing the impact of operation and maintenance costs,the results show that the absence of subsidies increases the levelized cost of electricity(COE)five times greater than the electricity price from the public utility.The microgrid made up of PV,diesel generator,and batteries proved to be the most viable solution and ensured continuous power supply to customers.By considering the subsidies,COE reaches 0.186$/kWh,a competitive price with electricity from public utilities in Rwanda.

A fast-running method for blast load prediction shielding by a protective barrier

This study presents a simplified blast load prediction method on structures behind a protective barrier.The proposed method is basically an empirical approach based on Kingery-Bulamsh(K-B)chart and finite element(FE)analysis results.To this end,this study divides the structure into three regions by three critical points.Blast loads at each critical point can be calculated based on K-B chart and an approximation according to FE analysis results.Finally,peak reflected overpressure and impulse distributed on the structure can be approximately estimated by linearly connecting blast loads at each critical point.In order to confirm a feasibility of the proposed method,a series of numerical simulations were carried out.The simulation results were compared with FE analysis results which are presented in the open literature.From such comparisons,it was found that the proposed method is applicable to predict blast loads on structures behind a protective barrier.

STATISTICAL PROPERTIES OF WAVE GROUPS DESCRIBED BY GROUP-INDUCED LONG WAVES

A new method using group-induced second-order long waves (GSLW) to describe wave groups is presented in this paper on the basis of the GSLW theory by Longuet- Higgins and Steward (1964) . In the method , the parabolic relationship between GSLW and the wave envelope is first deduced , and then the distribution function of GSLW amplitude is derived . Thus, the formulae in terms of the moments of GSLW and short wave spectra for the average time duration and the mean length of runs of wave heights exceeding a certain level can be derived . A new groupiness factor equivalent to half the mean wave number in wave groups is defined by taking into account the widths of spectra of GSLW and short waves . Compared with theoretical results of others , ours are closer to measured wave data .

Voluntary wheel running ameliorated the deleterious effects of high-fat diet on glucose metabolism,gut microbiota and microbial-associated metabolites

Exercise training is critical for the early prevention and treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus.However,the mechanism with gut microbiota and fecal metabolites underlying the effects of voluntary wheel running on high-fat diet induced abnormal glucose metabolism has not been fully elaborated.C57BL/6 male mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups according to diets(fed with normal chow diet or high-fat diet)and running paradigm(housed in static cage or with voluntary running wheel).An integrative 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolites profiling was synchronously performed to characterize the effects of voluntary wheel running on gut microbiota and metabolites.It showed that voluntary wheel running prevented the detrimental effects of high-fat feeding on glucose metabolism 16S rDNA sequencing showed remarkable changes in Rikenella and Marvinbryantia genera.Metabolic profiling indicated multiple altered metabolites,which were enriched in secondary bile acid biosynthesis signaling.In conclusion,our study indicated that voluntary wheel running significantly improved glucose metabolism and counteracted the deleterious effects of high-fat feeding on body weight and glucose intolerance.We further found that voluntary wheel running could integratively program gut microbiota composition and fecal metabolites changes,and may regulate muricholic acid metabolism and secondary bile acid biosynthesis in high-fat fed mice.

A novel refined dynamic model of high-speed maglev train-bridge coupled system for random vibration and running safety assessment

Running safety assessment and tracking irregularity parametric sensitivity analysis of high-speed maglev train-bridge system are of great concern,especially need perfect refinement models in which all properties can be well characterized based on various stochastic excitations.A three-dimensional refined spatial random vibration analysis model of high-speed maglev train-bridge coupled system is established in this paper,in which multi-source uncertainty excitation can be considered simultaneously,and the probability density evolution method(PDEM)is adopted to reveal the system-specific uncertainty dynamic characteristic.The motion equation of the maglev vehicle model is composed of multi-rigid bodies with a total 210-degrees of freedom for each vehicle,and a refined electromagnetic force-air gap model is used to account for the interaction and coupling effect between the moving train and track beam bridges,which are directly established by using finite element method.The model is proven to be applicable by comparing with Monte Carlo simulation.By applying the proposed stochastic framework to the high maglev line,the random dynamic responses of maglev vehicles running on the bridges are studied for running safety and stability assessment.Moreover,the effects of track irregularity wavelength range under different amplitude and running speeds on the coupled system are investigated.The results show that the augmentation of train speed will move backward the sensitive wavelength interval,and track irregularity amplitude influences the response remarkably in the sensitive interval.

Safety of the express freight train running over a long-span bridge

Purpose-Express freight transportation is in rapid development currently.Owing to the higher speed of express freight train,the deformation of the bridge deck worsens the railway line condition under the action of wind and train moving load when the train runs over a long-span bridge.Besides,the blunt car body of vehicle has poor aerodynamic characteristics,bringing a greater challenge on the running stability in the crosswind.Design/methodology/approach-In this study,the aerodynamic force coefficients of express freight vehicles on the bridge are measured by scale model wind tunnel test.The dynamic model of the train-long-span steel truss bridge coupling system is established,and the dynamic response as well as the running safety of vehicle are evaluated.Findings-The results show that wind speed has a significant influence on running safety,which is mainly reflected in the over-limitation of wheel unloading rate.The wind speed limit decreases with train speed,and it reduces to 18.83 m/s when the train speed is 160 km/h.Originality/value-This study deepens the theoretical understanding of the interaction between vehicles and bridges and proposes new methods for analyzing similar engineering problems.It also provides a new theoretical basis for the safety assessment of express freight trains.

Improvement of heat-tolerance by training I. Evaluation of effects of long-distance running and march training on heat-tolerance

in order to verify the heat-tolerance effect, two trainings, 90 min marching with load (WBGT 24. 6～35.6℃) and 10 km running (WBGT 25.0～31.1℃) were performed in laboratory and field under hot climate.Ten to twelve times (days) of training were carried out

Vocational Identity and Agency of Chinese College Students: Effects of Filial Piety and Implications in Career Education

Balancing family obligations and personal aspirations is crucial for college students in making life decisions.This critical review examined empirical studies on the effects of filial piety on college students’vocational identity and agency.According to identity capital theory,college students need a sense of agency to construct identity consciously and adapt to adulthood.Filial piety may profoundly influence this process as the core value and internalized social structure for the role of being an adult child in a Chinese family.However,no studies have been conducted from the identity capital perspective.This review found that filial piety had direct effects on college students'vocational identity and also indirect effects by shaping specific agency competencies.The impact of filial piety on the agency was more likely to occur through providing normative guidance about adult roles,influencing how college students view family as a supportive resource,and perpetuating parenting experiences.Based on these findings,this article suggested further examining the mediating role of agency between filial piety and identity development,as well as the effects of filial piety on the psychological foundation of agency development.This review suggested enhancing the agency of college students and encouraging reflections on filial piety in career education.

Free running period affected by network structures of suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons exposed to constant light

Exposed to the natural light-dark cycle,24 h rhythms exist in behavioral and physiological processes of living beings.Interestingly,under constant darkness or constant light,living beings can maintain a robust endogenous rhythm with a free running period(FRP)close to 24 h.In mammals,the circadian rhythm is coordinated by a master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN)of the brain,which is composed of about twenty thousand self-oscillating neurons.These SCN neurons form a heterogenous network to output a robust rhythm.Thus far,the exact network topology of the SCN neurons is unknown.In this article,we examine the effect of the SCN network structure on the FRP when exposed to constant light by a Poincare model.Four typical network structures are considered,including a nearest-neighbor coupled network,a Newman-Watts small world network,an Erd¨os-Renyi random network and a Barabasi-Albert(BA)scale free network.The results show that the FRP is longest in the BA network,because the BA network is characterized by the most heterogeneous structure among these four types of networks.These findings are not affected by the average node degree of the SCN network or the value of relaxation rate of the SCN neuronal oscillators.Our findings contribute to the understanding of how the network structure of the SCN neurons influences the FRP.

Problems and Countermeasures of Taihu Port Farm in Jingzhou City after Function Reform of Running the Society

Deepening function reform of running the society of state-owned farm is an important strategic plan made by the Party Central Committee and the State Council,and is also ' hard bone' bitten by fully implementing the strategy of rural revitalization and promoting the modernization of agriculture and countryside. In this paper,the problems of Taihu Port Farm in Jingzhou City after function reform of running the society are systematically and comprehensively analyzed via field research,and corresponding countermeasures are proposed. The research could provide beneficial reference and experience reference for deepening function reform of running the society of current state-owned farm.

The Effect of Taping on Foot Structure, Functional Foot Stability and Running Gait Patterns of the Foot

Running related foot injuries are associated with excessive foot movements due to malaligned foot structure and poor functional foot stability. Clinicians tape the foot to alleviate pain and prevent further injuries, whilst allowing the athlete to continue training. However, the effect of taping is not conclusive. The purpose of this study is to investigate if taping effectively improves foot structure, functional foot stability and reduces excessive foot movements during running. Twenty-two subjects had their foot structure identified as： fiat foot stable, fiat foot unstable and normal arched unstable according to the FPI （foot posture index） and the Modified Romberg＇s Test with the BESS （balance error scoring system） criteria. The subjects ran on an instrumented treadmill barefooted with their feet taped and untaped. Running kinetic and kinematic data were collected and analysed using a paired t-test and 3x2 ANOVA. Taping improved foot structure but not functional foot stability. During running, taping significantly reduced rearfoot eversion. Taping increased the loading rate in the fiat foot and normal arched unstable groups but reduced the loading rate for the flat foot stable group. Implication on the appropriate use of foot taping was discussed.

Influence of pier height on the safety of trains running on high-speed railway bridges during earthquakes

Sudden earthquakes pose a threat to the running safety of trains on high-speed railway bridges,and the stiffness of piers is one of the factors affecting the dynamic response of train-track-bridge system.In this paper,a experiment of a train running on a high-speed railway bridge is performed based on a dynamic experiment system,and the corresponding numerical model is established.The reliability of the numerical model is verified by experiments.Then,the experiment and numerical data are analyzed to reveal the pier height effects on the running safety of trains on bridges.The results show that when the pier height changes,the frequency of the bridge below the 30 m pier height changes greater;the increase of pier height causes the transverse fundamental frequency of the bridge close to that of the train,and the shaking angle and lateral displacement of the train are the largest for bridge with 50 m pier,which increases the risk of derailment;with the pier height increases from 8 m to 50 m,the derailment coefficient obtained by numerical simulations increases by 75% on average,and the spectral intensity obtained by experiments increases by 120% on average,two indicators exhibit logarithmic variation.

Acute effect of foot strike patterns on in vivo tibiotalar and subtalar joint kinematics during barefoot running

Background:Foot kinematics,such as excessive eversion and malalignment of the hindfoot,are believed to be associated with running-related injuries.The maj ority of studies to date show that different foot strike patterns influence these specific foot and ankle kinematics.However,technical deficiencies in traditional motion capture approaches limit knowledge of in vivo joint kinematics with respect to rearfoot and forefoot strike patterns(RFS and FFS,respectively).This study uses a high-speed dual fluoroscopic imaging system(DFIS)to determine the effects of different foot strike patterns on 3D in vivo tibiotalar and subtalar joints kinematics.Methods:Fifteen healthy male recreational runners underwent foot computed tomography scanning for the construction of 3-dimensional models.A high-speed DFIS(100 Hz)was used to collect 6 degrees of freedom kinematics for participants’tibiotalar and subtalar joints when they adopted RFS and FFS in barefoot condition.Results:Compared with RFS,FFS exhibited greater internal rotation at 0%-20%of the stance phase in the tibiotalar joint.The peak internal rotation angle of the tibiotalar joint under FFS was greater than under RFS(p<0.001,Cohen’s d=0.92).RFS showed more dorsiflexion at 0%-20%of the stance phase in the tibiotalar joint than FFS.RFS also presented a larger anterior translation(p<0.001,Cohen’s d=1.28)in the subtalar joint at i nitial contact than FFS.Conclusion:Running with acute barefoot FFS increases the internal rotation of the tibiotalar joint in the early stance.The use of high-speed DFIS to quantify the movement of the tibiotalar and subtalar joint was critical to revealing the effects of RF S and FFS during running.

力竭运动后大鼠脑皮质运动区谷氨酸受体NR2A蛋白含量及酪氨酸磷酸化水平的变化

目的:观察力竭运动前后大鼠脑皮质运动区NR2A蛋白含量及其自身酪氨酸磷酸化水平变化,分析二者之间的相关关系,为探讨中枢兴奋信号在运动中的传递机理以及运动性疲劳的中枢机制提供实验依据。方法:SD大鼠进行一次性力竭跑台运动。采用抗NR2A抗体和抗磷酸酪氨酸单抗以免疫沉淀法和免疫印迹法检测皮质运动区NR2A蛋白含量及酪氨酸磷酸化水平。结果:力竭运动后即刻,大鼠脑皮质运动区NR2A蛋白含量与安静组相比无显著性变化,运动后1小时与安静组和运动后即刻比较显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),运动后3小时NR2A蛋白含量下降,运动后恢复24小时大鼠脑皮质中NR2A蛋白含量显著低于安静组和运动后即刻组(P<0.01,P<0.05)。NR2A酪氨酸磷酸化水平力竭运动后与对照组相比呈升高趋势但无显著性差异,NR2A酪氨酸磷酸化水平与NR2A蛋白含量变化无显著相关。结论:(1)大鼠在力竭运动后即刻及恢复期过程中,大脑皮质运动区NR2A蛋白含量变化表现为下降,上升,再下降,表明运动过程中NR2A蛋白含量变化具有较敏感的可调控性,力竭运动后即刻NR2A蛋白含量的下降可能是导致中枢抑制的一个因素。(2)NR2A酪氨酸磷酸化水平在力竭运动后呈升高趋势,可能有利于维持中枢的兴奋性,提示运动过程中NR蛋白含量的变化可能是多方面原因造成的,受体蛋白含量与受体活性之间可能存在较为复杂的关系。

Voluntary running delays primary degeneration in rat retinas after partial optic nerve transection

Running is believed to be beneficial for human health. Many studies have focused on the neuroprotective effects of voluntary running on animal models. There were both primary and secondary degeneration in neurodegenerative diseases, including glaucoma. However, whether running can delay primary or secondary degeneration or both of them was not clear. Partial optic nerve transection model is a valuable glaucoma model for studying both primary and secondary degeneration because it can separate primary(mainly in the superior retina) from secondary(mainly in the inferior retina) degeneration. Therefore, we compared the survival of retinal ganglion cells between Sprague-Dawley rat runners and non-runners both in the superior and inferior retinas. Excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis are involved in the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma. So we also used western immunoblotting to compare the expression of some proteins involved in apoptosis(phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinases, p-JNKs), oxidative stress(manganese superoxide dismutase, MnSOD) and excitotoxicity(glutamine synthetase) between runners and non-runners after partial optic nerve transection. Results showed that voluntary running delayed the death of retinal ganglion cells vulnerable to primary degeneration but not those to secondary degeneration. In addition, voluntary running decreased the expression of glutamine synthetase, but not the expression of p-JNKs and MnSOD in the superior retina after partial optic nerve transection. These results illustrated that primary degeneration of retinal ganglion cells might be mainly related with excitotoxicity rather than oxidative stress; and the voluntary running could down-regulate excitotoxicity to delay the primary degeneration of retinal ganglion cells after partial optic nerve transection.

供水管路漏水报警监控装置的研究与设计

针对目前公共用水场所存在用水浪费和管路损坏漏水等长流水问题,测试分析了供水管路水流,设计了一套供水管路漏水报警监控装置,通过脉冲流量计的水流检测信息判定管路有无长流水,采用语音报警提醒公众节约用水,并利用电磁阀自动关闭长流水管路,有效防止了管路的长流水,节水效果明显。

韩国综艺模式热的冷思考——《奔跑吧兄弟》和《Running Man》的比较

与美国真人秀以平民为主不同,韩国近年来风行的综艺娱乐节目主打明星牌,收到了很好的效果,如《X-Man》《情书》《家族的诞生》《两天一夜》《我们结婚了》的热播。韩国综艺娱乐节目的核心元素大致类似：多机位拍摄＋搞笑的主持人＋明星＋明星之间的暧昧＋剧本＋游戏关卡＋后期剪辑。在＂小人物变明星＂的平民秀模式畅行多年的中国电视荧屏,韩国明星秀模式的引进很快吸引了观众的眼球。