EFFECT OF RARE EARTH ON CONDUCTANCE OF ALUMINUM WIRE

Effects of Rare Earth(Hereafter RE)on the conductance of high-purity and industrial-purity aluminum wires have been studied.RE increases the resistivity of the high-purity aluminum.No evidence has been found that RE will decrease the resistivity of industrial-pure aluminum under various RE content including 0.3%Ce.The individual role of RE and its combined effects with Fe and Si have been discussed too.

Single-phase earth fault current distribution between optical fiber composite overhead ground wire and ordinary ground wire in transmission system

It is important for the safety of transmission system to accurately calculate single-phase earth fault current distribution.Features of double sided elimination method were illustrated.Quantitative calculation of single-phase earth fault current distribution and case verification were accomplished by using the loop method.Influences of some factors,such as single-phase earth fault location and ground resistance of poles,on short-circuit current distribution were discussed.Results show that:1) results of the loop method conform to those of double sided elimination method;2) the fault location hardly influences macro-distribution of short-circuit current.However,current near fault location is evidently influenced;and 3) the short-circuit current distribution is not so sensitive to the ground resistance of poles.

Over Voltage Fault due to Disconnection of Consumer’s Transformer Neutral Wire

Practically,the load currents in three phases are asymmetric in the power system.It means that the impedances are different in all three phases.If the consumer’s transformer neutral cut off and/or was disconnected from the neutral of power supply source,then there will be some trouble and failure occurred.The current in the neutral wire drops down to zero when the neutral wire is cut off and the phase currents of all three-phase equal to each other since there was no return wire.The currents are equal but the voltages at the phase consumers are different.Especially for residential single-phase consumers,the voltage at the consumers of the phase varies differently for three phase systems when the neutral wire was disconnected at consumer side and even the voltage at the consumers one or two of those three phases becomes over nominal voltage or reaches nearly line voltage.In this case,the electronic appliances in that phase will be fed by high voltage than the rated value and they can be broken down.In the power system of UB(Ulaanbaatar)city,there are some occasional such kind of failures every year.Obviously,many electronic appliances were broken down due to high voltage and the electricity utility companies respond for service charge of damaged parts.

国产Zn-5%Al-混合稀土合金镀层高钒封闭索丝耐久性研究

以国家速滑馆首次应用的国产Zn-5%Al-混合稀土合金镀层高钒封闭索丝为研究对象,对其使用性能、基本特性及耐久性等进行研究。采用了国家速滑馆内部高空索体实际服役环境处的大气暴露试验方式,综合考虑索在加工安装过程中易产生的损伤,对索丝试件进行了划痕、刮擦、焊点的预制缺陷设计,研究了含预制缺陷的国产Zn-5%Al-稀土合金镀层高钒封闭索丝在真实使用环境中的大气腐蚀行为规律,并采用力学性能测试研究了索丝在服役环境大气腐蚀作用下的力学性能变化规律及不同缺陷对力学性能的影响。结果表明,加工安装过程中在索丝表面合金镀层产生的划痕、刮擦、焊点等损伤,会破坏合金镀层的完整性。大气暴露试验和力学性能试验中,三类缺陷对索丝金属镀层防大气腐蚀性能和单丝抗拉强度均有负面影响,其中焊点缺陷影响最大,单丝抗拉强度下降约40%。

一种新型振弦式土压力盒的结构设计分析

在我国,岩土工程领域十分广阔,工程的应力检测、监测显得尤为重要。检测岩土基础的应力变化所用的土压力盒、土压力计种类繁多,有些土压力盒原理相同但结构多样,还有些土压力盒标定方法与实际应用完全不符。基于此,提出一种能够符合现场埋设应用的振弦式土压力盒。该设计是轮辐式工作膜在无盒状态下只接受压力传递片的压力和校准方法。

稀土Y对铜线材抗氧化行为的影响机理研究

目的针对纯铜线材的抗氧化性能不足问题,通过稀土微合金化制备了含微量Y元素的铜线材,研究稀土Y含量对铜线材抗氧化性能的影响。方法采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、EDS能谱仪和X射线衍射仪等表征手段,分析了氧化膜脱落后基体表面形貌以及稀土Y元素在氧化过程中的存在形式与氧化膜的生长过程,揭示了添加稀土元素Y提高纯铜抗氧化性能的作用机理。结果稀土Y的引入提高了纯铜线材的抗氧化性能,在600℃、10 h条件下,Cu-0.03Y线材相对于Cu线材氧化增重率由0.55%降低至0.2%,降幅达63%。稀土元素Y的添加使铜线材的(100)晶面占比减少,(111)晶面占比增多,基体表面易被活化的(100)原子面占比降低,铜线材的抗氧化性能提高。在Cu-0.1Y线材中稀土元素浓度较高时发生偏聚,稀土元素与氧的亲和力大于铜与氧的亲和力,偏聚处形成不连续的稀土氧化物,使氧离子与铜离子的接触反应面积增大,相比Cu-0.03Y线材抗氧化性能降低。结论氧化过程中稀土离子的扩散速率慢、半径大,对铜离子的向外扩散起到阻碍作用,降低了铜离子的扩散速度,提高了铜线材的抗氧化性能。

航天发射场接地系统模式分析

针对中国各航天发射场地面设施接地系统工程设计与火箭、航天器等地面测试设备的接地要求多年来一直存在模式不统一的问题,结合各航天发射场接地系统多年运行经验,在火箭、航天器等技术调研及现场测试的基础上,对航天发射场接地系统模式进行了深入的技术研究,统一中国航天发射场地面设施接地系统的模式,从根源上解决了困扰多年的发射场接地系统模式不统一的问题。排除其在火箭、航天器测试发射工作中的故障,可进一步提高中国航天发射场接地系统的技术水平。

Influence of RE on Ageing Precipitate Characteristics and Softening Resistance of Copper Alloys Contact Wire

The effect of RE （such as Ce, Y and mixed Ce ＋ Y, etc） on ageing precipitate, characteristics and softening resistance of Cu-Cr-Zr alloys contact wire used in electrical railway were investigated in this paper. The results show that the tested Cu-Cr-Zr alloy with trace RE addition could attain higher microhardness and lower electrical conductivity to some extent after being soluted at 950 ℃ for 1 h and aged at 480 ℃. The precipitation process of secondary phase could be accelerated by cold working before ageing treatment which resulted in ageing hardening. Aged at 480 ℃ after 60% cold working, the values of electrical conductivity and microhardness improved significantly compared with that without deformation. The mixed RE （Ce ＋ Y） improved the softening resistance substantially in these trace RE additions, which could increase the soften temperature by 45 ℃.

Application of Low Temperature Liquid Sulfurization Catalyzed with Rare Earth on Cr12 Impacting Die

One kind of quenched Cr12 steel dies for impacting stainless steel wire rope （SSWR） was treated by low temperature liquid sulfurization catalyzed with rare earths, in order to extend their service life for assuring the continuity of production line, and simultaneously improve the surface quality of SSWR obtained. After immerged into the melting sulphur containing 4 % （mass fraction） of LaF3 and 1% of CeCl3 at 463 K for 4 h, the sulfurized dies were very smooth and black, with little distortion and hardness loss. They exhibited a certain extent of corrosion-resistance in air due to the coexisting rare earths in the sulfurized layer. Optical observations showed that the sulfurized layer was uniform and had scale-like structure. The trail of machined SSWR indicated that the production capacity of sulfurized dies had been doubled and the replacing period on line was postponed. SEM morphology also proved that the wear extent of cavities on sulfurized dies decreased greatly and the surface quality of SSWR obtained was improved markedly.

Investigation of factors affecting vertical sag of stretched wire

To study vertical sag requirements and factors affecting the stretched wire alignment method,the vertical sag equation is first derived theoretically.Subsequently,the influencing factors(such as the hanging weight or tension,span length,temperature change,elastic deformation,and the Earth’s rotation)of the vertical sag are summarized,and their validity is verified through actual measurements.Finally,the essential factors affecting vertical sag,i.e.,the specific strength and length,are discussed.It is believed that the vertical sag of a stretched wire is proportional to the square of the length and inversely proportional to the specific strength of the material.

Effect of rare earth content on microstructure and corrosion resistance of hot-dip Zn-5Al alloy coated steel wire for bridge cables

The effects of the content of rare earth elements on the microstructure and properties of hot-dip Zn-5 Al alloy steel wire for bridge cables were investigated.The microstructure of the hot-dip coating was analyzed using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive spectrometer.The bonding force between the hot-dip coating and steel wire was determined by the winding test.The corrosion resistance of the steel wire hot-dip coating was tested by the electrochemical workstation.The hot-dip Zn-5A1 alloy coating has a corrosion-resistant structure composed of a zinc-rich phase and an aluminum-rich phase.Due to the enhanced bonding force,the micro structure of the hot-dip coating of the Zn-5A1 alloy with rare earth elements is more compact and uniform than that without rare earth elements.The addition of rare earth elements improves the corrosion resistance of Zn-5A1 alloy coated steel wire.Due to the rare earth segregation,which prevents the corrosion of the grain boundary and enhances the anti-intergranular corrosion performance,steel wire exhibits the optimum corrosion resistance when the content of rare earth elements is 0.08 wt.%.

架空输电线路跨越高速公路更换导地线施工方法的研究

架空输电线路分布在各自然环境中,如崇山峻岭、湖泊农田、人口密集区、高速公路等,其跨越不同的阻碍物会给施工造成不同程度的困难。近年来,高速公路的迅猛发展,许多架空输电线路均跨越了高速公路,跨越高速公路的施工工艺尤为关键。基于此,本文主要阐述架空输电线路跨越高速公路更换导地线的施工方法,旨在解决电力线路施工作业中的难题。

钇基重稀土复合球化剂和球化包芯线在厚大断面球墨铸铁件中的应用

简要介绍了钇基重稀土复合球化剂、球化包芯线的研究现状,介绍了钇基重稀土复合球化剂、球化包芯线的制备。主要探讨了钇基重稀土复合球化剂、球化包芯线中的元素特性及其球化作用机理。分析了不同重量、壁厚球铁铸件如何选择钇基重稀土复合球化剂、球化包芯线,以及钇基重稀土复合球化剂、球化包芯线在工厂的应用效果。

地铁列车轴端装置接地线端子裂纹故障分析

基于地铁大修后发现的轴端接地装置上接地线端子出现的裂纹故障,通过对接地线安装方式、安装结构、接地线端子及线缆型号进行分析,经过对端子原材料、尺寸、线缆执行标准及结构受力进行研究,得出故障原因,并提出端子、线缆及支架的改进措施,杜绝问题的再次发生,从而提高地铁列车接地装置在大修后续运营过程中的安全性。

大规格1960K级AB类热镀锌-5%铝稀土合金钢丝研制

大规格1 960K级钢丝要求具有高韧性、高尺寸精度、满足AB级热镀锌-5%铝稀土合金面质量。优化钢丝表面处理和热处理工艺,钢丝热镀锌-5%铝稀土合金层工艺,确定合理的生产工艺流程,开发出适合高碳钢高强度大规格镀锌-5%铝稀土合金钢丝拉拔的专用拉丝模,优选出适合镀锌-5%铝稀土合金层钢丝拉拔的钙系DYH-38拉丝粉,确定了拉拔时合理的部分压缩率7%~16%,生产Ф2.63 mm 1 960K级AB类热镀锌-5%铝稀土合金层中镀后拉拔钢丝时车速可稳定在330 m/min,生产的钢丝力学性能超过了标准要求,镀层面质量符合AB类锌层要求。

强感应电环境下500kV变电站接地线防弧装置

检修过程中电气设备感应电压过高,当接地刀闸无法操作时需挂接临时接地线,挂接时引发的电弧故障影响设备安全运行。基于此,提出一种基于限流电抗器的接地线切换系统,该系统可以补偿瞬时电流,降低电压水平。工作过程中将过电压限制到合理值后,通过控制系统将接地状态切换为直接接地。应用结果表明,该装置不仅可有效防止接地过程感应电压产生的接地电弧,而且应用便捷、安全性高,能够大幅提高检修效率。

民用建筑低压直流配电系统设计实践

结合实际工程项目设计实践,论述民用建筑低压直流配电系统设计相关的基础性、关键性技术问题,包括对电压等级、接地型式的选择,保护电器的配置,绝缘监测与故障定位,以及直流设备的选用等,指出建筑低压直流配电涉及这些技术问题时电气设计应考虑的角度,给出解决方案,最后列出低压直流配电设计目前尚未解决的一些技术层面的问题,并指出标准的缺失。

钢丝热镀锌-10%铝-3%镁-稀土合金镀层工艺

介绍了高碳钢丝热镀锌-10%铝-3%镁-稀土合金镀层工艺。给出合金成分质量分数要求:铝9.0%~12.5%,镁3%~3.5%,稀土0.03%~0.30%。助镀剂中氯化物质量浓度5~15 g/L;硼化物质量浓度30~80 g/L,表面活性剂体积分数2 ml/L。助镀剂温度60~70℃,合金液温度465~470℃。氮气抹拭保证氮气温度250~255℃,压力不小于0.02 MPa,根据钢丝走线速度调节氮气流量和压力。试生产产品镀层和表面质量符合标准要求。

绿色加筋格宾挡墙现场试验研究

对浙江省绍诸(绍兴—诸暨)高速公路K38+398 km断面的绿色加筋格宾挡土墙进行现场试验,测试竖向土压力、水平土压力、筋材拉应变和加筋体侧向变形的分布规律。研究结果表明:在施工过程中,墙趾附近的基底土体内存在应力主轴偏转现象;施工结束后,距墙趾1 m处的基底水平土压力和45°方向的土压力比竖向土压力大;挡墙内竖向土压力在筋长方向上呈非线性分布,在挡墙下部呈单峰形而上部呈双峰形;面墙后的水平土压力在施工期先增加后减小,沿墙高呈非线性分布,最大值发生在1/3H(H为墙高)处,实测水平土压力远小于理论主动压力和传统有面板加筋土挡墙的墙背水平土压力;筋材的拉应变在靠面墙侧最大,沿筋长方向逐渐减小,在筋材末端又略有增大;加筋体的侧向变形沿墙高呈鼓胀形,最大侧向变形也发生在1/3H处。

掺杂提高钼丝再结晶温度的研究进展

对近20年来人们在掺杂钼丝的再结晶温度方面的研究成果和现状等进行了综合分析,着重介绍了掺杂方法和掺杂物,并指出了相关机理研究的必要性。