The Yangtze Estuary, the largest estuary in China, is under an obvious interaction between runoff and astronomical tide. The research on the interaction is very important for the exploitation and utilization of water ...The Yangtze Estuary, the largest estuary in China, is under an obvious interaction between runoff and astronomical tide. The research on the interaction is very important for the exploitation and utilization of water resources in this area. A horizontal 2D hydrodynamic numerical model is established and verified in the present study with the modeling rmage from Datong to the Yangtze Estuary. Based on the comparison of high water levels under the interaction between different runoff and estuarine dynamics, some conclusions are drawn. By revealing the general laws about the relationship between the astronomical tide and flood, the flood level is forecasted to lay a foundation for further research on storm surge in the Yangtze Estuary.展开更多
近年来京津冀水资源短缺对生态环境有着重要的影响,为量化区分气候变化和人类活动对水资源的影响,针对京津冀水源涵养区北部山区典型小流域瀑河上游开展径流深变化归因分析。利用瀑河上游1981—2020年降水、蒸发和径流等资料,采用曼-肯...近年来京津冀水资源短缺对生态环境有着重要的影响,为量化区分气候变化和人类活动对水资源的影响,针对京津冀水源涵养区北部山区典型小流域瀑河上游开展径流深变化归因分析。利用瀑河上游1981—2020年降水、蒸发和径流等资料,采用曼-肯德尔法(Mann-Kendall method,M-K法)检验确定1981—2006年为基准期、2007—2020年为变化期。分析发现,与基准期相比,变化期年均径流深减少了46.47 mm,约占基准期径流深总量的77.10%。利用重标度极差分析法(Rescaled Range Analysis,R/S法),推断瀑河上游未来年均径流深与1981—2020年间年均径流深的变化趋势相反,即呈现相对平稳的增加趋势。基于Budyko假设原理,定量地评价了气候变化(降水量和潜在蒸散发)和人类活动对该区年径流深的影响程度,气候变化对径流影响贡献率为40.30%,人类活动影响的贡献率为59.71%。人类活动对径流的影响主要通过土地利用类型的改变,研究区共有30.28%的土地发生了相互转化,其中乔木林地2020年较1985年增加了67.61%,极大程度增加了研究区的水源涵养能力,同时植被覆盖度的增加也一定程度上降低了潜在蒸散发。研究可增进对京津冀北部山丘区水文水资源的认识,为京津冀水源涵养功能驱动因素筛选提供一定的参考。展开更多
The simplicity of Topography-based hydrological model (TOPMODEL), as a way of reflecting the topographic controls on soil water storage and runoff generation, has become more attractive and more popular for land surfa...The simplicity of Topography-based hydrological model (TOPMODEL), as a way of reflecting the topographic controls on soil water storage and runoff generation, has become more attractive and more popular for land surface process study since digital elevation models (DEMs) have become widely available. In this paper, the effect of the topography index on soil water storage distribution, which is the key to TOPMODEL, is explained. Then a simple water cycle model for estimating other components of the surface water cycle is developed, which is implemented into the TOPMODEL to integrate the water cycle of the catchment. Using the output of a DEM from 100 m×100 m resolution data and a single flow direction algorithm, the index distribution function is calculated for a catchment (around 2500 km2 )in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River under different channel initiation thresholds. Finally, the daily and monthly rainfall-runoff response from 1960 to 1987 for the catchment is simulated with the TOPMODEL coupled with the simple water cycle model.展开更多
The sediment load and river sedimentation of the upper reaches of YangtzeRiver has been undergoing constant changes as complex landform, large mountain area and plentifulprecipitation make the drainage area of Yangtze...The sediment load and river sedimentation of the upper reaches of YangtzeRiver has been undergoing constant changes as complex landform, large mountain area and plentifulprecipitation make the drainage area of Yangtze River very vulnerable to watererosion and gravityerosion. Through analyzing the hydrological and sediment load statistics recorded by majorhydrological stations along Yangtze River since 1950s, and editing the accumulation graph of annualrunoff volume and annual sediment load, wefind out that the suspended-sediment of Yangtze river hasbeen decreasing year by year in Wulong Hydrological Station on Wujiang River, Beibei HydrologicalStation on Jialingjiang River, Lijiawan Hydrological Station on Tuojiang River and GaochangHydrological Station on Minjiang River, Yichang Hydrological Station, Cuntan Hydrological Stationalong Yangtze River mainstream share the same experience too. But the statistics obtained atPingshan Hydrological Station on Jinshajiang River shows the sedimentload there has increased.Taking ecological construction, hydraulic engineering construction and precipitation changes intoconsideration, the thesis analyses the causes for the sediment load decrease of Jialingjiang River,Tuojiang River, Minjiang River and Wujiang River and provides us both scientific foundation forfurther study of river sediment changes of the upper reaches of Yangtze River, and measures tocontrol river sedimentation.展开更多
基金supported by the Commonweal Foundation of the Ministry of Water Resource of China(Grant No.200701026)the"Eleven Five-Year Plan" Foundation of the Ministry of Transport of China (Grant No.200632800003-03)the "948" Foundation of the Ministry of Water Resource of China (Grant No.200705)
文摘The Yangtze Estuary, the largest estuary in China, is under an obvious interaction between runoff and astronomical tide. The research on the interaction is very important for the exploitation and utilization of water resources in this area. A horizontal 2D hydrodynamic numerical model is established and verified in the present study with the modeling rmage from Datong to the Yangtze Estuary. Based on the comparison of high water levels under the interaction between different runoff and estuarine dynamics, some conclusions are drawn. By revealing the general laws about the relationship between the astronomical tide and flood, the flood level is forecasted to lay a foundation for further research on storm surge in the Yangtze Estuary.
文摘近年来京津冀水资源短缺对生态环境有着重要的影响,为量化区分气候变化和人类活动对水资源的影响,针对京津冀水源涵养区北部山区典型小流域瀑河上游开展径流深变化归因分析。利用瀑河上游1981—2020年降水、蒸发和径流等资料,采用曼-肯德尔法(Mann-Kendall method,M-K法)检验确定1981—2006年为基准期、2007—2020年为变化期。分析发现,与基准期相比,变化期年均径流深减少了46.47 mm,约占基准期径流深总量的77.10%。利用重标度极差分析法(Rescaled Range Analysis,R/S法),推断瀑河上游未来年均径流深与1981—2020年间年均径流深的变化趋势相反,即呈现相对平稳的增加趋势。基于Budyko假设原理,定量地评价了气候变化(降水量和潜在蒸散发)和人类活动对该区年径流深的影响程度,气候变化对径流影响贡献率为40.30%,人类活动影响的贡献率为59.71%。人类活动对径流的影响主要通过土地利用类型的改变,研究区共有30.28%的土地发生了相互转化,其中乔木林地2020年较1985年增加了67.61%,极大程度增加了研究区的水源涵养能力,同时植被覆盖度的增加也一定程度上降低了潜在蒸散发。研究可增进对京津冀北部山丘区水文水资源的认识,为京津冀水源涵养功能驱动因素筛选提供一定的参考。
基金supported by the following projects of China the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.40233034 and 40075019the following projects of China the National Key Program for Developing Basic Sciences G1998040900-Part 1the following projects of China KZCX2-SW-210.
文摘The simplicity of Topography-based hydrological model (TOPMODEL), as a way of reflecting the topographic controls on soil water storage and runoff generation, has become more attractive and more popular for land surface process study since digital elevation models (DEMs) have become widely available. In this paper, the effect of the topography index on soil water storage distribution, which is the key to TOPMODEL, is explained. Then a simple water cycle model for estimating other components of the surface water cycle is developed, which is implemented into the TOPMODEL to integrate the water cycle of the catchment. Using the output of a DEM from 100 m×100 m resolution data and a single flow direction algorithm, the index distribution function is calculated for a catchment (around 2500 km2 )in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River under different channel initiation thresholds. Finally, the daily and monthly rainfall-runoff response from 1960 to 1987 for the catchment is simulated with the TOPMODEL coupled with the simple water cycle model.
文摘The sediment load and river sedimentation of the upper reaches of YangtzeRiver has been undergoing constant changes as complex landform, large mountain area and plentifulprecipitation make the drainage area of Yangtze River very vulnerable to watererosion and gravityerosion. Through analyzing the hydrological and sediment load statistics recorded by majorhydrological stations along Yangtze River since 1950s, and editing the accumulation graph of annualrunoff volume and annual sediment load, wefind out that the suspended-sediment of Yangtze river hasbeen decreasing year by year in Wulong Hydrological Station on Wujiang River, Beibei HydrologicalStation on Jialingjiang River, Lijiawan Hydrological Station on Tuojiang River and GaochangHydrological Station on Minjiang River, Yichang Hydrological Station, Cuntan Hydrological Stationalong Yangtze River mainstream share the same experience too. But the statistics obtained atPingshan Hydrological Station on Jinshajiang River shows the sedimentload there has increased.Taking ecological construction, hydraulic engineering construction and precipitation changes intoconsideration, the thesis analyses the causes for the sediment load decrease of Jialingjiang River,Tuojiang River, Minjiang River and Wujiang River and provides us both scientific foundation forfurther study of river sediment changes of the upper reaches of Yangtze River, and measures tocontrol river sedimentation.
