Remote County Solves Rural Credit Conundrum

It has long been assumed that no solution exists. For decades, Chinese and foreign experts in Beijing have wrestled over evermore elaborate micro-creditschemes with the sole aim of raising the Chinese peasant out of poverty, yet the peasants are too poor to present any collateral to get the loan.

Imbalance and Correction of the Rural Credit Cooperatives and Rural Economic Relations

This article expounds the manifestations of imbalance between the rural credit cooperatives and rural economic relations: the rural credit cooperatives fail to effectively promote economic development in rural areas; the rural economy is also incapable of effectively promoting the development of the rural credit cooperatives. It analyses the reasons for imbalance between the rural credit cooperatives and rural economic relations,including the direct reason (loss of function of the rural credit cooperatives) ,the fundamental reason (restricted economic development of agriculture and countryside and relative pauperization of farmers) ,and the deep-seated reason (sluggish rural economic development) . Corresponding countermeasures and proposals are put forward for promoting balanced development of the rural credit cooperatives and rural economy as follows: first, deepen reform of the rural credit cooperatives,strengthen the function of the rural credit cooperatives in serving the needs of agriculture; second, speed up economic development in rural areas,eliminate the economic constraints for the development of the rural credit cooperatives; third,transform the development pattern and the development strategies,foster the macro-institutional environment for balanced development of rural credit cooperatives and rural economy.

A Research on the Threshold Effect of Credit Rationingupon the Urban-rural Income Gap in Rural Areas

在剖析了信贷配给与城乡收入差距之间作用机制的基础上,论文构建了信贷配给与城乡收入差距的面板门槛模型,选取3 1 个省市1987年- 201 3年的省级面板数据,运用面板门槛模型估计方法,实证分析信贷配给对城乡收入差距的影响,并且从区域层面进行了比较分析.结果显示：降低信贷配给程度有助于缓解城乡收入差距,而从东部、中部、西部三大区域的实证结果来看,各地区的信贷配给程度的提升对城乡收入差距的扩大有不同程度的影响.最后根据研究结果,提出降低各地区农业信贷配给程度的措施,从而达到缩小城乡收入差距的目的.

Research on the Model of Household Credit Risk Evaluation of Rural Microfinance

Since rural microfinance is a credit which grants loans without collateral and guarantees to farmers,it is considerably important to evaluate and control the household credit risk.Through establishing the evaluation index system and then using catastrophe progression theory,three common types of catastrophe system and the normalization formula,we get the comprehensive evaluation.Finally,we take the empirical test and the result shows that this method is simpler and more objective which can be used by the credit cooperatives to decide whether to authorize the loans.

Rural Credit Innovation:Experience of China

This paper is based on literature and interviews with the management of a leading agricultural firm which has developed a new credit rural practice.It uses the case study to generalize a new model of rural credit practice.It provides the government with an example on how to help solve rural credit problems and poverty reduction.It also provides the banking industry with a new profit-making model,which benefits farmers at the same time as well.

Empirical Study on the Influencing Factors of Rural Households' Credit and Loan Demand——Investigation Based on Jianhu County, Jiangsu Province

By using the relevant data from 273 valid questionnaires of rural households in Jianhu County, Jiangsu Province, this study emphasizes on the factors of rural households' credit and loan demand by Probit model. The results show that the factors that influencing the credit demand of rural households include the features of the rural households, the economic activities of rural households and so on. Among the factors, the operation expenditure of rural households, the education degree of the household head and the understanding degree of the rural credit policies have great impact on the rural households' credit and loan demand. In the end, the suggestions on the basis of the research are put forward: developing diversified economy; improving rural households' income; increasing the reserve of rural labor resources and enhancing farmers' quality; strengthening the promotion of rural credit cooperative and perfecting the service quality of rural credit cooperative.

Credit risk constraint mechanisms in rural financial reform

To research the operating mechanisms of rural financial reform, through setting up a contract model, the constraint roles of reputation and legal intervention on the default risk arising in the operating of the credit union funds are inspected. Analysis indicates that the increase in reputation cost can reduce the probability of union member default behavior and the probability of turning to the law for the credit union funds. Meanwhile, the amount of loans and the interest rates can increase the probability of turning to the law for the credit union funds. Below the marginal values, the penalty mechanisms can reduce the balancing probabilities of member default behavior and turning to the law for the credit union funds, namely, the penalty has some "substitution effect" for turning to the law for the credit union funds.

数字普惠金融对农村相对贫困的影响

基于2011—2022年北京大学数字普惠金融指数等经验数据实证检验了数字普惠金融对农村相对贫困的影响效果、机制与异质性。研究结果表明,数字普惠金融显著缓解了农村相对贫困;进一步通过变更系统GMM估计方法、替换变量处理以及样本期间波动性问题处理等方式进行检验,研究结论依然稳健;机制分析表明,数字普惠金融通过显著增加信贷规模、改善信贷结构和提高信贷质量等信贷供给机制缓解农村相对贫困,还通过显著促进创新创业缓解农村相对贫困;异质性分析表明,在非农经济比重较高、经营性收入占比较高和受教育程度较高的省份,且在数字普惠金融覆盖率、使用深度和数字化程度较高的组别,数字普惠金融的农村相对贫困缓解效应更为显著。

绿色信贷促进农业农村绿色产业发展路径探析

农业农村绿色产业是新时代乡村产业振兴的重要内容,绿色信贷是推动农业农村绿色产业发展的重要金融工具。当前农业农村绿色产业发展面临“经营风险大、投资回报率低、绿色信贷制度不完善、相关配套政策不足、绿色信贷不良率高、信贷周期长”等问题,制约了绿色信贷投放和绿色产业发展。为此,在农业农村绿色产业发展中,应完善绿色信贷政策扶持体系,健全绿色信贷市场机制,发展绿色信贷中介机构,提高金融机构的绿色信贷动力,发挥绿色信贷对农业农村绿色产业的金融服务功能。

数字金融参与对农村居民创业决策的影响——基于CHFS2019数据的实证分析

农民创业为推进乡村振兴赋予了新动能,而数字金融为农民创业提供了契机。文章基于2019年中国家庭金融调查数据,采用Probit模型从微观视角分析了数字金融参与对农村居民创业决策的影响,并从信贷约束和信息约束两方面探究了数字金融参与影响农村居民创业决策的中间机制。研究结果显示,创业农村居民参与数字金融水平远远大于非创业农村居民;机制检验表明,数字金融参与通过缓解农村居民的信贷约束和增加信息可得性正向促进农村居民的创业决策;异质性结果表明,数字金融参与对东部地区、较高学历、身体状况健康的农村居民创业决策影响效果更大。鉴于此,提出通过普及农村居民的金融知识提升农村居民金融素养,加大中西部农村地区互联网基础设施建设,提高农村居民教育程度,为农村居民创业提供更加便捷可行的渠道。

数字普惠金融与农村居民共同富裕:影响效应与作用机制

实现共同富裕,最艰巨最繁重的任务仍然在农村,数字普惠金融服务是助力共同富裕奋斗目标的时代要求。因此,采用2016年与2018年中国家庭追踪微观调查数据建构面板固定效应模型,从物质富裕与精神富足两个维度建构共同富裕指标体系,检验数字普惠金融对农村居民共同富裕的影响效应,并试图分析数字普惠金融的作用机制。研究发现:第一,数字普惠金融有利于农村居民实现共同富裕;第二,数字普惠金融产生的积极效应存在异质性,农村居民金融素养与金融市场参与度越高,数字普惠金融对共同富裕产生的积极效应愈明显;第三,作用机制检验发现,数字普惠金融不仅能够促进农村居民信贷水平,而且提高了农村居民家庭创业的概率与收益,从而促进农村居民共同富裕。

Alienation of Rural Cooperative Finance and the Innovation of Financial Organization in China

Based on the elaboration of the content and status of rural cooperative finance, rural cooperative finance--the alienation of rural credit cooperative is introduced from three aspects of the concept and objective of management, the organizational form and management mode, and the service object and business scope. Causes of alienation are analyzed. Firstly, change in the economic foundation of cooperative finance is the fundamental reasons for the alienation. Secondly, mandatory system change led by the government is an important reason for alienation. Thirdly, property and administration structure of rural credit cooperative are the internal reasons for alienation of agricultural support. To achieve the innovation of rural cooperative financial organization, the following aspects should be done: cultivating the basis for rural cooperative economy, further promoting the reform of rural credit cooperatives (innovating a variety of property rights modes; making clear definition of ownership; implementing the internal governance structure), introducing competition in the field of rural cooperative finance, and homing function of government and rural cooperative finance.

钱越多越好吗?农村信贷与农村产业升级的时空关系——基于SAR模型与SEM模型的实证分析

农村信贷为农村经济发展提供资金支撑,是农村产业升级的重要保障。本文利用1978—2019年30省份面板数据,在构建农村信贷对农村产业升级影响的理论框架基础上,建立空间自回归模型(SAR)和空间误差模型(SEM),实证分析农村信贷与农村产业升级的时空关系。研究结果表明:农村产业升级在地理位置上呈现空间集聚性;农村信贷规模扩大到一定程度会对农村产业升级产生抑制作用,呈“倒U型”非线性关系;其中,受农业资源差异影响,整体上东部区和中部区存在“倒U型”关系,西部区并不存在“倒U型”关系;进一步分析发现,粮食主产区“倒U型”关系最显著,三大粮食产区中黄淮海地区和长江流域地区呈明显“倒U型”关系,东北地区则不存在“倒U型”关系。最后,本文提出发挥农村产业升级空间集聚作用、农村信贷坚持因地制宜原则等政策建议。

社会资本缓解新型农业经营主体融资约束了吗——以农业信用担保融资为例

本文基于陕西、山西和江苏三省的实地调研数据,以农业信用担保融资为切入点,采用Heckman两阶段模型分析社会资本缓解新型农业经营主体融资约束的影响。结果表明:包含政府关系资本、银行关系资本和村级关系资本在内的社会资本均能显著缓解新型农业经营主体需求型融资约束,而仅银行关系资本更有助于缓解新型农业经营主体供给型融资约束,这一结论在缓解内生性问题和稳健性检验后仍然成立。异质性分析结果表明,各类社会资本对陕西和山西、专业大户和家庭农场的新型农业经营主体融资约束的缓解作用更强,并且,新型农业经营主体在信用村镇建设方面呈现出不同类型社会资本依赖的差异性。农村金融环境在政府关系资本和村级关系资本缓解新型农业经营主体供给型融资约束的过程中具有正向调节效应,而在银行关系资本缓解新型农业经营主体供给型融资约束的过程中发挥负向调节效应。

嵌入与互动:农村信用体系建设的机理阐释与推进策略--基于扎根理论的质性分析

当前,我国正在建设以金融信用为内核、公共信用为外延的农村信用体系,这对建设农业农村现代化、全面推进乡村振兴具有重要的战略意义。论文通过系统梳理2019-2023年安徽省4次联席会文件、16个地市的专项汇报材料,并于2023年9、10月深入7个首批选点区县进行田野调查,研究安徽省农村信用体系建设问题,运用扎根理论进行三级编码、构建理论模型、阐释理论机理。研究发现:安徽省农村信用体系具有显著的“嵌入与互动”特征,以多维嵌入促进多元协同的互动机制,推动金融循环、信用循环、产业循环、数据循环等产生齿轮效应,形成系统联动、循环继起的效能闭环。这就要求把握嵌入深度,构建个体循环畅通、外部联结有力的制度体系;把握协同程度,完善重点推进为牵引、系统联动为促进的运行机制;把握推进力度,发挥外源推动、内生驱动相得益彰的制度效能。

数字赋能农村信用体系建设推进乡村振兴的青海实践与思考

2023年中央金融工作会议强调,要做好包括普惠金融在内的五篇大文章,为未来普惠金融发展明确了方向。青海省作为少数民族聚集、农牧民担保抵押物缺乏的经济落后省份,普惠金融需求十分旺盛。近年来,青海省积极将大数据、金融科技与农村信用体系建设相融合,加强农村信用信息共享和应用,为推动普惠金融高质量发展、推进乡村振兴战略提供了重要支撑,但也存在一些亟待解决的问题。基于青海省实践,系统梳理了制度安排加快、数字建设利好、发展态势跨体系、信用主体价值加速激活等全国发展趋势,深入分析了当前数字赋能农村信用体系建设推进乡村振兴存在的信息安全风险、信用评定标准缺乏、信息供需不匹配等问题,并针对性提出了强化信息安全、统一信用标准、优化采集评价、丰富应用场景等建议。

乡村振兴视域下农村信用体系建设管窥:内涵、困境、优化

农村信用体系建设是关系乡村振兴高质量发展的重要问题。在乡村振兴视域下,通过诠释农村信用体系在政治、经济、社会、文化、生态层面的价值内涵,剖析农村信用体系在信用理念教育、信用信息平台建设和农村金融体系建设方面的现实困境,了解现阶段农村信用体系建设的不足,明确农村信用体系建设的优化路径。为保证乡村振兴战略的有效部署,农村信用体系建设应当充分利用互联网、大数据技术完善信用信息平台建设;通过宣传教育,凝聚信用共识;在政府主导下,多元主体参与共商共建;以“三农”为中心,明确建设方向。

农地经营权抵押贷款信用风险影响因素及其衡量研究——基于CreditRisk+模型的估计

基于1 173个贷款样本数据,运用Logistic回归分析农地经营权抵押贷款信用风险影响因素并预测违约概率,依据CreditRisk+模型,对农地经营权抵押贷款信用风险衡量进行研究,并进行了压力测试。研究表明,农地经营权抵押贷款信用风险主要受到抵押土地因素、保险与政策因素的影响;影响因素的风险程度具有次序性;贷款期限和农业生产周期不匹配是农地经营权抵押贷款面临的突出矛盾;土地经营权来源不同的贷款风险程度存在明显差异;农地经营权抵押贷款预期损失和非预期损失占VaR比例结构合理,极端情景出现时预期损失会有明显波动。提出应瞄准贷款对象、精确贷款条款和强化风险处置,促进农地经营权抵押贷款顺利开展。

数字普惠金融与我国农村居民消费研究——基于信贷供给的中介效应分析

基于2011-2021年省级面板数据,构建双向固定效应模型和中介效应模型,以此探究数字普惠金融对我国农村居民消费规模、消费结构的影响,并对农村地区的土地制度、农业生产、农户创业、产业结构进行分析。研究结果表明:(1)数字普惠金融显著提高了我国农村居民的消费规模,但这种作用存在明显区域异质性,检验表明其作用在东部地区更加显著;(2)数字普惠金融能够改善农村居民消费结构;(3)数字普惠金融的发展,能够通过缓解信贷约束这一途径促进农村居民消费。最后提出了加强数字普惠金融发展助力农村消费的建议,包括制定农村数字普惠金融发展战略,强化数字普惠金融助农理念,加强数字化基础设施建设,建立多元化数字推进机制等。