Religious Believers Share the Fruit of China’s Reforms——The story of a rural district in Shanxi Province

At Jiancaoping District, a rural part of Taiyuan, the capital city of Shanxi Province, north China, more than 8% of the residents are religious, believing in Catholicism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, as well as China＇s indigenous religion, Taoism. In other words, all the five religions in China have believers here. In particular, there are 16 villages with altogether 10,000 Catholics living in compact communties. It so happens that most religious people live in mountainous or hilly areas in the district, where adverse natural conditions once rendered them poor.

Understanding the strategies employed to cope with increased numbers of AIDSorphaned children in families in rural settings:a case of Mbeya Rural District,Tanzania

Background:The purpose of this study was to understand the strategies employed by families that adopt Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS)-orphaned children(Adoptive families)for coping with and mitigating the impact of AIDS in Mbeya Rural District,Tanzania.High numbers of AIDS-orphaned children aged below 18 years in Mbeya Region have led to increasing the burden of families caring for them.Understanding the coping strategies and impact mitigation activities employed by adoptive families is important in order to develop programmes to help them.Methods:This study employed a qualitative method for data collection(one-on-one in-depth interviews).The respondents included 12 male and 8 female heads of families that provide essential care for AIDS-orphaned children in Mbeya Rural District in Tanzania.The framework approach was used to analyse the data that were collected from 15 July to 15 August 2010.Results:The study findings revealed that adoptive families faced several challenges including financial constraints due to increased needs for basic essentials such as health care expenses,school fees and food.Further impacts on adoptive families included shortage of work opportunities and limited time to address these challenges.To mitigate these challenges,adoptive families employed a range of coping strategies including selling family assets and renting out parts of cultivable land for extra cash.Task reallocation which involved the AIDS-orphaned children entering the labour force was also employed as a strategy to mitigate challenges and involved de-enrolling of children from schools so they could take part in income-generating activities in order to earn supplementary family income.The creation of additional income-generating activities such as poultry farming were other coping mechanisms employed,and these received support from both non-governmental organisations(NGOs)and governmental organisations,including the Isangati Agricultural Development Organization(local NGO)and the local government respectively.Conclusions:The current study identified challenges that adoptive families as well as the AIDS-orphaned children themselves faced in Mbeya Rural District,Tanzania.Recognition of these issues highlights the need for targeted interventions to address the underlying social determinants of human immunodeficiency virus or HIV and AIDS in affected populations in order to prevent further imposition of social,cultural and economic disadvantages on families that provide care for AIDS-orphaned children and the children themselves.These findings may prove useful in provoking discussions that may lead to HIV/AIDS prevention and the development of broader mitigation strategies to alleviate the impact of this scourge on families and communities in rural Tanzania,and in similar settings across the world.

The 2013 measles outbreak in Sri Lanka: experience from a rural district and implications for measles elimination goals

Background:Sri Lanka was the first country in the Southeast Asian region to achieve its measles elimination goal in 2011.In 2012,the measles immunization schedule changed from a measles vaccine at 9 months to a measles,mumps and rubella vaccine at 12 months.However in 2013,Sri Lanka reported its worst recent outbreak of measles.This study investigated a part of this outbreak in order to describe its epidemiology.Methods:A prospective study was carried out at the university medical unit of the Teaching Hospital,Anuradhapura(THA),the third largest hospital in Sri Lanka,from October 2013 until March 2014.An epidemiological profile of patients was constructed,case confirmation was done on all suspected cases and the basic demographic details of these suspected cases were obtained from the available records.Results:From January 2013 to March 2014,101 measles suspects were admitted to the THA.Until June 2013,all suspected cases were aged below 12 months of age.During the study period(15 months),the total number of patients aged below 9 months,9 to 12 months,1 to 11 years,12–29 years and over 29 years were 10(9.9%),11(10.9%),6(5.9%),37(36.6%)and 36(35.6%),respectively(data missing-1).Out of the 33 patients clinically suspected,32 tested positive for measles.Common clinical features included:fever(n=33,100%),maculopapular rash(n=33),conjunctivitis(n=31),posterior cervical lymphadenopathy(n=23)and Koplik’s spots(n=8).Features suggestive of pneumonia were observed among 30(90.9%)patients and 26(78.8%)had diarrhoea.Two patients(6.1%)who developed severe pneumonia received care at an intensive care unit due to respiratory difficulties.Out of 33 patients,15(45.5%)had prior immunization for measles,two(6.1%)reported that they never had a measles immunization and 16(48.5%)were unsure about their immunization status.Out of those who reported they were previously immunized,11(73.3%)belonged to the age group of 12–29 years.Conclusion:Because the first cases of this outbreak were infants,an increase in susceptible infants due to the change in the vaccine schedule could partly explain the outbreak.

Edge Effect and Optimized Rural Tourism Planning——With Rural Tourism Planning of Lintong District in Xi'an City as a Study Case

Edge effect theory is introduced in this study to define the concepts and connotations of marginal zone and edge effect in the planning of rural tourism,and it is proposed that edge effect should be paid more attention.By taking the rural tourism planning of Lintong District for an example,the development and realization approaches of edge effect in rural tourism planning are further analyzed from both overall and detailed planning.

Rural Land System Reform Pilot Experiment in Pidu District: Background, Debate and Enlightenment

By combining top-level design with local pilot practices,rural land system reform,as an important priority on the agenda of deepening comprehensive reform,has accumulated a series of replicable and applicable experiences that are conducive to amendments to relevant laws.This paper takes stock of the basic experience of Pidu District in addressing typical problems arising in its rural land system reform and then investigates the inner link between the reform and the persistence of high housing prices in cities,the capital flowing to the countryside,and the rural revitalization program.Based on this analysis,the author puts forward three basic directions of the rural land system reform:remain committed to marketization,balance the interests of all parties and promote the development of rural industries.

Evaluation and Improvement Measures of Rural Human Settlements in Licheng District of Jinan City

Based on the data of rural human settlements in Licheng District of Jinan City in 2016,the evaluation system of rural human settlements composed of four subsystems（ social economy,infrastructure,public environment,and construction management） was constructed. According to the comprehensive scores of various administrative villages calculated by means of multi-index comprehensive evaluation method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,the human settlements of 521 administrative villages in Licheng District were divided into four types： excellent,good,average,and poor. Moreover,the spatial differences in the evaluation results of rural human settlements were analyzed using GIS spatial analysis technology. Finally,based on the evaluation results of rural human settlements in Licheng District,some measures to improve and control rural human settlements in different types of villages at various development stages were proposed to fully improve the quality of rural human settlements.

基于布迪厄理论的村落体育扶贫工程农民参与意愿研究

采用问卷调查、专家访谈、数理统计等方法,基于布迪厄理论审视“三区三州”村落农民参与体育扶贫工程的意愿。结果表明:人口特征、经济资本、文化资本、社会资本等变量对“三区三州”村落农民参与体育扶贫工程意愿均有不同程度的影响。在性别上,男性较之女性意愿更强;在年龄上,老年人意愿强于青年人,青年人意愿强于中年人;在户口性质上,非农户口意愿强于农业户口。从影响系数看,各因素影响力依次是体育消费情况、农村体育公共服务组织、农村体育参与、家庭经济情况、常住人口,三类资本的影响力均超过人口学特征变量。据此提出建议:刺激农村体育消费、健全农村组织网络、创新农民健身活动、防止农村人口流失。

“新乡土主义”理论与乡村聚落空间更新实践——以浙江省台州市黄岩区为例

中国百年乡建历程揭示了农业生产力革新、社会制度变革及其引发的乡村社会经济结构的根本变化,揭示了工业化和城镇化对乡村演进造成的深刻影响。纵观历史进程,我国新阶段实施乡村振兴战略,亟须创新规划建设理论,从而为高水平编制村庄规划、实施高质量乡村建设行动提供指南。“新乡土主义”规划建设理论基于十年来浙江黄岩乡村的一线实践,从实践中探索总结出“三适原则”“三位一体”“三个层面”和“三式规划”理论框架,在实践中取得了较好的成效,可为其他同类条件下的乡村振兴工作提供参考。

济南市章丘区乡村传统集市人地空间耦合研究

乡村传统集市作为乡村基础公共服务设施的核心要素之一,是推动城乡融合、人地耦合发展的重要支撑点。以济南市章丘区乡村传统集市为研究对象,在梳理章丘区乡村传统集市人地空间时空脉络的基础上,从集地、集期和集文要素出发构建乡村传统集市人地耦合评价体系,定量解析集市人地空间的耦合特征,提出集地服务体系中心和边缘的等级特征、集期时空布局趋近和分离的高效特征、集文历史遗存封闭与开放的传承特征。根据评价结果,针对章丘区乡村传统集市人地空间存在的矛盾提出了集地空间分布与体系的均衡优化、集期时空协调与交错的高效优化、集文遗产传承与延续的价值优化等空间策略。

基于多角度的农村居民点分布特征及布局优化——以南昌市新建区为例

【目的】研究南昌市新建区1998年与2020年跨度20余年农村居民点的分布特征变化,提出符合区域实际的布局优化策略。【方法】通过核密度、空间自相关、场强模型、最小阻力模型等分析农村居民点的集聚程度、空间聚类程度、城镇辐射引力强度、布局扩张潜力程度,综合4种不同方法分析结果,对南昌市新建区农村居民点布局进行优化。【结果】20余年农村居民点规模扩张速度较快,空间分布集聚程度显著增强,核密度高值位于中心城区及主要交通干线周边;核密度属性下开展空间自相关分析具有代表性,空间集聚特性增强、异质性减弱;农村居民点分布受城镇、主要干线、学校、医院、休闲体育、公园等辐射引力作用显著;高阻力区分布于中部、中西部及北部部分区域,低阻力区分布于南部及北部部分区域;农村居民点布局阻力因素由大到小依次为:政策保护阻力、地形与灾害风险阻力、区位阻力、生产生活阻力;将居民点布局优化类型划分为提升扩展型、整治改造型、控制迁移型。【结论】通过多角度分析农村居民点的空间分布特征,并基于此提出优化布局策略,符合区域地理环境及村庄发展实际,可为多规合一视角下实用性村庄规划编制提供参考。

广西农村水柜供水保障研究与实践

水柜供水作为广西大石山区农村供水工程体系的重要组成,目前在水量、水质、用户3个层面仍存在水资源匮乏、水质亟待提升、村民供水保障意识能力欠缺等问题。文章提出通过借助山泉水、河水、地下水和塘坝蓄水等手段,保障水源充足;通过强化水源保护、配套水处理设施和加强水质监测等方法,保证水质合格;通过加强宣传和培训工作,提升村民供水保障意识能力等解决对策。其中,强化水源保护主要从为水柜设置盖板、增加初雨弃流装置以及降低水源污染风险等途径出发,配套的水处理设施则需要根据水柜供水规模来选取,家庭水柜可选取以慢滤技术为主的水处理设施,集体水柜可选取以快滤技术为主的水处理设施。课题研究团队在上述调查研究的基础上,开展水源保障项目、水质提升项目、跟踪服务活动等探索实践,为水柜供水保障工作的实施提供了借鉴,助力广西农村供水高质量发展。

农文旅融合视角下的贾汪区乡村产业发展路径研究

农文旅融合发展是乡村产业发展的新方向。徐州市贾汪区具有农文旅融合发展的必要性和可行性,但当前在发展定位、专项规划、政策扶持和经营管理等方面存在诸多问题。未来,贾汪农文旅融合开发应首先明确发展定位,围绕打造徐州城郊乡村休闲度假体验示范区的目标,从政策帮扶、产品设计、营销推广等多种路径助推深度融合和全面进步。

“数商兴农”背景下农村电子商务发展对策研究--以天水市秦州区为例

随着乡村振兴战略的不断推进,农村电子商务也得到了空前的发展,“数商兴农”工程的提出,是新形势下发展数字商务振兴农业的新战略,也是发展农村电商的新举措。近年来,天水市秦州区在积极贯彻落实各项农村电商发展政策的同时,也出现了农村电商通行一公里建设、专业型电商人才缺少,农产品品牌化效应低下的发展困境,基于以上发展难题,天水市秦州区立足现实发展,提出政府主导、打通“一公里”建设、孵化“新农人”、培育“新人才”和强化本地特色产品品牌建设的对策建议,为秦州区农村电商发展注入新血液。

钦州市钦北区农村人口和人力资源发展对策探析

农村人口是农村社会的主体,农村人力资源是农村经济社会发展的内在动力,是解决三农问题的主力军。通过分析钦州市钦北区农村人口和人力资源现状、分析存在的问题,提出相关对策,旨在为钦北区解决农村人口问题,合理开发利用农村人力资源献计献策。

基于VORC模型的水网乡村生态系统健康评价及管控策略——以吴江区为例

健康的生态系统能够维持生态活力及组织力,抵御和适应外界压力,发挥生态系统服务功能。文章以苏州市吴江区为例,基于“活力(V)—组织力(O)—恢复力(R)—贡献力(C)”模型,定量评价水网乡村生态系统健康水平,分析生态系统健康空间分异特征,为生态空间分区管控提供科学依据。研究结果表明:吴江区生态系统健康综合指数在空间分布上呈正相关性,表现出“高值区较离散,低值区较集聚”的特征。健康高值区多聚集于乡村水网密布区域,生态环境质量较好,生态功能较完善;健康低值区主要集中于乡村工业产业建设集聚区域,受建设用地扩张影响,水网乡村景观生态健康水平下降。结合健康等级将吴江区划分为核心保护区、生态缓冲区、协调发展区和开发管控区等4类空间管控分区,并针对性地提出差异化管控策略。生态系统健康评价可为生态空间分区管控提供依据和参考,促进水网乡村生态系统持续、健康发展。

村民主体视角的乡村治理绩效评价研究——以江宁区三代美丽乡村为例

村民主体对于乡村治理绩效的评价,是乡村治理工作的重要考核方式。文章基于村民主体视角,运用问卷调查和数理分析法对南京市江宁区3种不同乡村治理模式典型村庄进行绩效评价研究,结果表明:由于参与主体不同,3种治理模式在发展路径等方面存在较大差异;各模式在应用中均取得一定成效,但也存在多元主体交流不畅等共性问题,相较而言政府参与度高的治理模式更受村民信赖;要实现乡村可持续发展,各村需进一步完善多元主体合作机制。

2018—2022年重庆市巴南区农村饮用水监测结果分析

目的分析2018—2022年重庆市巴南区农村生活饮用水的卫生情况,了解该地区饮用水水质的变化趋势,并为水质管理和规划改善提供理论依据。方法收集整理2018—2022年巴南区农村生活饮用水的监测信息,根据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)判断其达标情况。采用卡方检验或Fisher精确检验分析重庆市巴南区农村饮用水在不同年份、水期、水样、水源类型以及消毒方式下的达标率差异。结果2018—2022年,重庆市巴南区共监测农村饮用水460份,达标率为81.30%。5年内水样达标率存在差异(χ^(2)=13.05,P=0.011),但没有明显的上升趋势(P趋势=0.083)。不同水期和水样类型下的达标率差异均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。不同水源类型(χ^(2)=16.89,P<0.001)、不同消毒方式(χ^(2)=12.22,P=0.002)的水样达标率存在明显差异。在丰水期,江河水源的生活饮用水达标率(96.88%)普遍高于来自水库(85.06%)和其他类型水源(包括沟塘和深井水)(54.17%)的水样达标率(χ^(2)=14.52,P<0.001)。在枯水期使用液氯和次氯酸钠消毒的生活饮用水明显高于二氧化氯消毒的水源(χ^(2)=14.03,P<0.001)。同一水源中,使用复合二氧化氯消毒的达标率在枯水期(90.63%)高于丰水期(81.25%)(χ^(2)=4.66,P=0.031)。在所有检验指标中,微生物指标的合格率较低,为83.26%。结论2018—2022年重庆市巴南区农村饮用水的卫生安全有待提高,其中微生物指标是其主要影响因素。该地区应加强对农村饮用水从“源头”到“水龙头”的监管和保护,从根本上提高饮用水质量,以保障居民的健康。

昆明市呈贡区乡村聚落时空演化特征及影响因素——以唐至清末为例

呈贡区是云南省昆明市的新城区,城市化发展迅速,乡村社会不断发生重要转型。以呈贡区的历史文献分析与考证为基础数据源,结合GIS核密度分析,研究历史时期呈贡区乡村聚落的时空演化特征,并总结呈贡区乡村聚落演化过程中的各种作用因素。研究结果表明:(1)历史期间呈贡区的乡村聚落分布空间结构在历史原有的乡村聚落分布基础上扩展,各个朝代的乡村聚落分布体现出一定的历史继承性;(2)核密度分析直观展示整体聚落分布的疏密程度和格局变化,识别“冷、热”区;(3)地形因素、军屯移民和灾荒流民、滇池地区水利工程的兴建是驱动呈贡区历史时期乡村聚落空间格局演变的主要因素。

资源导向下城市边缘乡村集群化规划方法研究——以杭州富阳五村为例

快速城镇化背景下,城市边缘地区作为城乡要素渗透频繁的过渡地带,已成为社会经济最为活跃但发展问题较突出的重点区域。而在常规单村独建规划模式下,该地区乡村多暴露出资源利用低效、产业模式趋同、环境建设无序、治理效益不佳等切实问题,阻碍了城乡高质量协调发展。为此,文章针对当前发展瓶颈,以资源这一核心线索为导向,提出了一套针对城市边缘乡村的集群化规划方法。基于集群本底资源的系统解读,挖掘整合价值资源,从产业经济、功能定位、空间建设及基层治理4个层面,构建联动发展、错位互补、系统导控、协商共治的关键路径,以此助推乡村集群的资源有效利用与社会经济振兴。最后,以浙江省杭州市富阳区5个村庄的集群化规划实践为例,探讨该方法的实施路径与效应机制,以期为同类地区乡村未来发展提供思路参考与案例借鉴。

乌鲁木齐市米东区农村居民点布局时空演变及影响因素研究

运用遥感影响提取2010—2020年乌鲁木齐市米东区农村居民点时空分布数据,利用Fragstats软件、GIS技术等工具研究米东区农村居民点演变特征,从自然因素分析不同坡度和高程区间范围内农村居民点的数量和面积,社会经济因素通过二元Logistics回归分析进行分析。结果表明:(1)研究区内农村居民点整体变化呈现出先减少再增加的趋势;(2)米东区农村居民点集聚发展具有不稳定性,展现出分散到聚集的状态,密度整体分布由西部地区向中部地区聚集;(3)米东区农村居民点分布的数量以及占比随着坡度和高程的增加而显著下降,农民倾向于在低坡度、低高程地区设立居民点;(4)通过二元Logistic回归分析,结果发现现有基础设施满意度等9个社会经济指标对米东区农村居民点变化产生显著影响。