Trade-off and Synergy of Rural Functions Under County Depopulation in the Typical Black Soil Region of Northeast China

As the population continues to shrink in the black soil region of Northeast China since 2000,it is critical to master the impact of population shrinkage on rural functions to realize rural revitalization and sustainable development.In this study,we focused on the impacts of depopulation on the evolution and interrelationship of rural subfunctions.Based on the rural function indexes system,the TOPSIS(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution)method,spatial analysis method,and mathematical statistics analysis method were used to summarize the spatial and temporal characteristics of rural function development,as well as the effect of population shrinkage in the typical black soil region of Northeast China.The results showed that depopulation varied in the extent and duration between the forested region and plain areas,which both impacted the trajectories of rural subfunctions evolution.For the economic development function and ecological conservation function,the effect of continuous slight depopulation was beneficial,while the effect of rapid depopulation was adverse,which was exactly opposite to the agricultural production function.All forms of population shrinkage were conducive to the development of the social security function.With the deepening population shrinkage,depopulation mainly promoted the collaborative development between subfunctions in this study,except the relationship between agricultural production and social security function.But effects of depopulation on the interrelationship of rural subfunctions varied between the forested region and plain areas in some cases.The results provided evidence for the cognition that population shrinkage had complicated effects on rural subfunctions.

Unpacking the‘supply-utilization-demand’interplay:Keys to multifunctional sustainability in rural China

Sustainable rural development is predicated on a delicate balance between rural territorial functions and eco-logical constraints.While various functions can catalyze economic growth in rural settings,aligning them with inherent ecological variables is essential.An exhaustive analysis of Beijing’s Pinggu District elucidated specific supply-demand thresholds and evaluated the adaptability of current utilization within these boundaries,culmi-nating in a novel optimization strategy.Notably,while locals place significant emphasis on production functions,the area’s topography and soil characteristics present palpable challenges to achieving these goals.We discov-ered that‘shackle type’predominantly characterize individual rural territorial functions,while‘diversified weak function optimization type’define multifunctional aspects,showcasing varied development paths and uncov-ering potential strategies for sustainable improvement.This study contributes a groundbreaking perspective to sustainable rural development,offering key insights and strategic recommendations for policy formulation.

Evolution and driving forces of rural functions in urban agglomeration: A case study of the Chang-Zhu-Tan region

As the Rural Revitalization Strategy is gradually implemented, China’s rural areas are set to have more diverse function requirements. This paper selects the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan region(Chang-Zhu-Tan) consisting of 23 county-level units) as a case study and looks at its economic development, agricultural product supply, social security and ecological service functions during 1996–2016. It then constructs an index system to evaluate the temporal evolution of the region’s rural functions. SPSS 19.0 and DPS 7.05 software, as well as Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis, system clustering, optimal segmentation of ordered samples and other methods, are used to study the evolution traits, regional differentiation characteristics and driving forces of rural functions in the region. The results show, first of all, that the overall evolution trend is increasing in functions with periodic characteristics, the key nodes being 2000 and 2008. Second, there is clear geographical differentiation in the evolution of rural functions. The economic development function shows rapid growth in the urban agglomeration’s center and relatively weak growth at the periphery;the agricultural product supply function and ecological service function are concentrated in county-level units with abundant cultivated and forest land;and the social security function displays similar geographical differentiation to the economic development function. Overall, there is an obvious discrepancy in the degree of development of rural functions among county-level units of the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration;the rural functions of the agglomeration and peripheral county-level units have different development traits;and county-level units display functional differentiation. Third, rural functions have evolved as a result of interactions between various factors, such as natural resources, socio-economic conditions and local transport conditions. The new driving forces caused by urbanization are ultimately leading the evolution of rural functions toward multi-functional comprehensive development.

Rural Development Evaluation from Territorial Function Angle:a Case of Shandong Province

Rural territorial function follows the trend to develop from agricultural production space to a complex of cultural heritage,food security,social stability,quality of living,etc.Based on the rural area＇s territorial function to both urban and rural areas and its evolution law,index system of rural development evaluation,covering rural production function,rural consumption function,regional sustaining function,and individual development function were constructed in this paper.Case study based on Shandong Province and entropy method showed that the rural development in Shandong Province was neither stable nor orderly,and some of rural territorial functions were under fluctuation.The simulation result was close to the actual situation in rural areas of Shandong Province,and therefore,it would provide some experience for scientific evaluation of rural development in other regions.In the end,policy suggestion to cope with rural function transition was provided,namely further promoting the rural economic development,and breaking away from various factors that restricted the value realization,natural increment,and equitable distribution of rural production factors,and therefore,it would receive a sustainable rural development.

Productive functional evolution of rural settlements:analysis of livelihood strategy and land use transition in eastern China

In China, rural settlements are usually multifunctional complex of natural societies and they also play important productive function. This study explored the spatiotemporal evolution of the productive function of three rural settlements, i.e.,Hetaoyuan, Dawengshan, and Gaoqiao, in the Yimeng Mountain in Shandong province of eastern China.Residents lived in this three types of rural settlements were all involved in agricultural production(i.e., grain threshing, drying and storage), which had remained dominant in Hetaoyuan. Dawengshan became an industrial-oriented settlement, while Gaoqiao became a commercial-oriented settlement. This evolution was reflected in the livelihood strategy changes of rural households and the transition of rural settlements changes. The choice of livelihood strategy was affected by the livelihood assets and policies, which resulted in the spatiotemporal evolution of the productive function of rural settlements. This study can provide references for the implementation and adjustment of rural residential land consolidation policies and the improvement of production and the quality of rural life in future.

Function of Rural Settlement Complex Ecosystem in Mountain Area:A Case Study of Raosi Village of Zuogong County,Tibet

Using energy analysis,the quantifying evaluation and study method on production, living and ecology functions and their sustainability of rural settlement ecosystem in mountain area is established with these energy index such as export of labor and products, export of water resource, internal energy reserve, energy consumption for human living, net energy of ecosystem function and net internal reserve. Taking rural settlement Raosi Village in Hengduan Mountains as a case study, and on the basis of the synthetic research into the ecological process of the complex ecosystem, the study shows that energy costs of production, human living and ecology functions are separately taking 1.36%, 13.59% and 85. 05% of the gross ecosystem functions, and the exertions of production and human living functions are close to a high-point state on the present using level of energy in the settlement. The study also shows that the most important function of a rural settlement in mountain area is its ecological rather productive function.

Human wetland dependency and socio-economic evaluation of wetland functions through participatory approach in rural India

Wetlands are an important source of natural resources upon which rural economies depend. They have increasingly been valuable for their goods and services, and the intrinsic ecological value they provide to local populations, as well as people living outside the periphery of the wetlands. Stakeholders＇ participation is essential to the protection and preservation of wetlands because it plays a very important role economically as well as ecologically in the wetland system. The objective of this study was to determine whether gender, educational status, mouzas （which are constituents of a block according to the land reform of the West Bengal Government in India）, and wetland functions have any influence on the annual income of the local community. Considering a floodplain wetland in rural India, the focus was extended to recognize the pattern of wetland functions according to the nature of people＇s involvement through cluster analysis of the male and female populations. Using the statistical software R-2.8.1, an ANOVA （analysis of variance） table was constructed. Since the p value （significance level） was lower than 0.05 for each case, it can be concluded that gender, educational status, mouzas, and wetland functions have a significant influence on annual income. However, S-PLUS-2000 was applied to obtain a complete scenario of the pattern of wetland functions, in terms of involvement of males and females, through cluster analysis. The main conclusion is that gender, educational status, mouzas, and wetland functions have significant impacts on annual income, while the pattern of occupation of the local community based on wetland functions is completely different for the male and female populations.

Empirical Study of China's Rural Consumption Function from the Perspective of Balancing Urban and Rural Development

From the perspective of balancing urban and rural development,this article researches the factors influencing the consumption level of rural residents in China.I select the relevant data concerning per capita net income of rural households and annual per capita consumer spending of rural residents for living in the period 1985-2008,establish the regression model of per capita net income of rural households and per capita consumer spending of rural residents for living,and conduct regression analysis and error correction model test using the measurement software.The analysis results show that there is not only long-term equilibrium relationship between rural residents' current consumption and rural residents' current income,between rural residents' consumption in lag period 1 and rural residents' income in lag period 1,but also short-term equilibrium relationship;current income is the main reason for determining the current consumption).Corresponding proposals are put forward to promote the level of rural consumption in China as follows:propel agricultural modernization;actively develop specialized cooperative organizations of rural residents;improve rural land transfer mechanism;promote the level of public services in rural areas;accelerate the transfer of rural surplus labor.

Research on the Consumption Function of Rural Residents in Hunan Province

Based on literature review,according to relevant consumption data in Hunan Statistical Yearbook and China Statistical Yearbook during1978-2009,the thesis selects three indexes involving the average income per rural resident,per capita living expenses of rural residents and percapita savings to conduct the unit root and co-integration test on the consumption and net income per rural residents in Hunan Province by adoptingthe generalized difference method and EVIEWS6.0,then according to the Modigliani Hypothesis of Consumption,Duesenberry Hypothesis of Con-sumption and Keynes Absolute Income Hypothesis,the thesis makes a fitting of Hunan consumption function model,aiming to find out the consump-tion function model suitable to Hunan Province.The results show that,Keynesian consumption function based on Absolute Income Hypothesis pas-ses the statistical test and econometric test,while the consumption function model based on Relative Income Hypothesis and that based on Life Cy-cle Hypothesis do not,which proves that the consumption function model based on Absolute Income Hypothesis is better suited for describing the re-lations between rural consumption and income in Hunan Province.Taking into account the low marginal propensity of consumption of the rural resi-dents in Hunan Province,the thesis proposes to expand consumption demand of rural residents:firstly,developing characteristic economy and im-proving the income level of rural residents;secondly,perfecting the social security system in rural areas and maintaining the consumption confi-dence of rural residents;thirdly,ameliorating the circulation system.

超大城市外围乡村地域功能的演化路径及定位建议

掌握功能演化规律,合理确定功能定位,有助于乡村多元价值的挖掘和实现,是乡村地域高质量发展的前提。该研究以超大城市北京的外围乡村地域作为典型案例,基于乡村地域功能的内涵和分类,构建了适用于长时间序列乡村地域功能强度测度的评价指标体系,测度和识别了2000—2020年北京不同乡村地域的功能强度及功能结构,分析和总结了研究期间北京乡村地域的功能结构演化过程及形成路径。结果表明:1)超大城市乡村地域不同功能的强度呈现出显著的区域差异,功能结构整体呈现从单一优势功能主导向多种优势功能主导的演化趋势;2)功能结构能够反映不同类型乡村地域发展的差异,基于功能结构的演化特征,可以将超大城市外围乡村地域的功能结构演化过程归纳为“功能强化升级式路径”、“功能调整转换式路径”“功能综合完善式路径”3类发展路径;3)强化生活服务功能是当前城乡融合发展目标下推动超大城市外围乡村地域功能多元化和高质量发展的首要举措;4)通过分析优势功能及功能结构的演化过程,可以明确不同乡村地域的发展特征并指导其功能定位的制定,有利于分类推动超大城市外围乡村地域的多元化发展。研究结果丰富了乡村多功能理论的典型地域案例,可为超大城市外围乡村地域的功能定位设定及发展路径的决策和实践提供参考。

中国式现代化背景下的乡村旅游:功能、短板与优化路径

全面建设社会主义现代化国家,最艰巨最繁重的任务仍然在农村.作为乡村振兴的重要抓手和可行路径,乡村旅游在促进农业农村全面进步和农民全面发展等方面具有重要作用.文章基于中国式现代化的时代背景和发展要求,系统分析乡村旅游的潜在功能、发展短板和优化路径.研究认为:乡村旅游应在推动乡村高质量发展、保障农民主体地位、丰富人民精神世界、增进乡村民生福祉和推动乡村绿色发展等方面发挥重要作用.然而,当前乡村旅游发展实践中仍然存在同质化问题严重、农民主体地位不突出、文化保护利用不充分、利益共享机制有待优化、生态环境保护面临挑战等短板问题.因此,未来亟需从推动产业融合创新、培育多元市场主体、弘扬特色乡土文化、保障村民合法权益、改善乡村生态环境等方面加以优化.

Study on the Intensive Use of Rural Cemetery Lands from the Perspective of Multiple Functions

According to the investigation and study on the land use of different cemeteries in rural areas,the intensive land use of four cemeteries,including the public cemetery,traditional cemetery,vertical cemetery,and ecological cemetery,was evaluated.According to the data analysis,it is suggested to choose right cemetery according the practical conditions of each area,to take full use the multiple functions of cemetery lands and improve the intensive use.

Functions, Problems and Countermeasures of China’s Rural Ecosystems

At present,the whole country is fully implementing rural revitalization strategy and actively promoting rural ecosystems development in China.From the perspective of ecology and agroecology,the main functions of rural ecosystem in China,the current outstanding problems,and the corresponding countermeasures and measures are discussed in the paper,in order to provide references for promoting the implementation of the strategy of rural revitalization and the sustainable development of rural ecosystem.China’s rural ecosystem has multi-functions such as carrying population,improving environment,providing products,increasing income,expanding employment and tourism,inheriting culture,popularizing science and technology,educating people,training talents,and providing places for the aged urban residents.Currently,there are still many problems and challenges in rural ecosystem in China,such as ecological destruction,waste of resources,environmental pollution,natural disasters,economic poverty,backward science and education,laggard culture and medical care,lack of public services,bad social morality,loss of villagers and disappearance of villages.In order to promote implementation of rural revitalization strategy and to promote sustainable development of rural ecosystems in China,the following measures should be taken based on the principles of integrating “tri-benefits”(economic,ecological and social benefits),gradual progress,comprehensive governance,adaptation to local conditions and long-term efforts and success.Eventually,the following measures are suggested:① enhancing awareness;② planning well;③ improving environment;④ optimizing ecological structure;⑤ improving ecological functions;⑥ improving ecological conditions;⑦ strengthening public services;⑧ improving laws and regulations;⑨ improving great investment;⑩ accelerating personnel training.

乡村生态旅游助力乡村振兴的作用机制与策略

在全面推进乡村振兴的大背景下,生态旅游迎来了新的发展机遇。乡村生态旅游发展是助力乡村振兴的重要引擎。运用文献整理和理论分析相结合的方法,探究乡村生态旅游推动乡村振兴的内在逻辑,剖析其作用路径,并提出加速产业融合、建立乡村生态体系、挖掘乡土文化、构建治理平台、拓宽村民参与渠道的生态旅游助力乡村振兴具体策略。

东北黑土区农村宅基地功能转型特征与机制研究——以海伦市长华村为例

研究目的:揭示东北黑土区村域尺度农村宅基地功能转型特征与驱动机制,探寻“三权分置”制度框架下宅基地的活化利用与有效管理对策。研究方法:实地调查法和案例研究法。研究结果:(1)东北黑土区内农村宅基地的居住功能弱化,农业生产功能增强,宅基地功能由居住功能主导向居住、生产二元复合功能或农业生产功能为主导转变;(2)村域尺度内,农村宅基地功能转型的阶段特征明显,空间上表现为与中心村的距离越远,宅基地功能转型程度越剧烈;(3)在城镇化等外缘要素的影响下,乡村地域系统内人口和产业的变化共同驱动农村宅基地功能转型;(4)农村宅基地“三权分置”的制度框架下,结合农村宅基地功能组合和利用状态,引导农户选择适宜的宅基地利用方式,有利于促进宅基地利用效率提升。研究结论:东北黑土区农村宅基地功能正在经历转型过程,应根据宅基地功能转型阶段特征,深化农村宅基地“三权分置”改革,筛选适宜的宅基地利用与管理方式。

乡村振兴背景下面向农村的职业教育功能和定位

面对乡村振兴的战略机遇,农村职业教育应立足农村、服务乡村振兴,培养应用型、技能型人才,并促进农村职业教育与其他教育体系的融合。为了实现这些目标,需要加强对农村职业教育的功能与定位的研究。基于此,探讨农村职业教育的功能和定位,分析其在乡村振兴中的作用和挑战,并提出相应的发展策略,充分发挥其功能和作用,为乡村振兴提供有力的人才和技能支撑。

平原农区乡村地域多功能空间分异特征及乡村振兴路径——以河南省扶沟县为例

以平原农区河南省扶沟县为研究区,通过构建乡村地域多功能评价指标体系,采用综合评价法和自然间断点分级法分析农产品生产、非农经济发展、人居生活、社会保障和生态保育5类乡村地域功能的空间格局特征,并结合优势功能法综合划分乡村地域功能类型区。结果表明:(1)扶沟县乡村地域多功能整体上表现出“社会保障功能最强,生态保育功能较强,非农经济发展、人居生活和农产品生产功能相对较弱”的位序特征,并且各类功能在空间分布上呈现出显著的差异;(2)基于优势功能识别结果,将扶沟县14个乡镇划分为综合型、单功能主导型和双功能并重型3种功能类型区,并按照“强化优势、补齐短板”的思路,提出分区差异化发展对策,为推进扶沟县乡村全面振兴提供决策参考。本研究提出的指标体系和分析策略可为平原农区其他类似县域明确乡村地域功能特征、探寻乡村振兴科学路径提供有益借鉴。

音乐文化在乡村文化振兴战略中的功能与作用研究

乡村振兴战略是一个多维度“目标工程”,不仅要“振软件”还要“兴硬件”,既要构建物质文明,还要构建精神文明,所以乡村文化振兴是乡村振兴全面推进的应有之义。乡村音乐文化拥有口头性、地域性、集体性的特点,是乡土文化、农耕文化、民族文化、历史文化、地域文化的传承载体,是文化价值、文化思想、文化理念传承的重要渠道。加强音乐文化传播与建设,对推进乡村文化振兴拥有鲜明的功能。应明确乡村文化振兴的科学内涵,分析乡村音乐文化建设的问题,制定科学的发展路线。

“城乡两栖”视角下农村宅基地“三权分置”问题研究

“三权分置”改革有助于化解“城乡两栖”背景下宅基地的制度困境。在我国城镇化进程和乡村振兴过程中,城乡人口双向流动以及异地居住的“城乡两栖”现象日益明显。人口迁居带来了宅基地及其地上房屋所承载的居住功能弱化,而它们的财产功能和社会情感功能则逐渐增强。总体来看,现有部分制度抑制了宅基地的产权权能开发和资产价值挖掘,造成了闲置、低效利用与隐性流转共存的困局,需要合理推进“三权分置”改革。宅基地“三权分置”改革受到乡村治理机制不完善、产权边界不清晰、农民宅基地权属观念模糊等因素掣肘,面临所有权主体虚置、过度“资本化”等诸多问题,阻碍了相关体制机制创新。为此,“三权分置”改革需要清晰界定“三权”边界,明确宅基地的法权属性,在保障农户资格权的基础上适度拓展宅基地使用权,推动实现宅基地的财产价值;引入市场机制多元盘活闲置宅基地,进而提高土地资源利用效率。

民族地区城乡融合的功能、空间及治理研究

民族地区作为我国社会稳定的风向标,乡村地区作为我国应对风险挑战的压舱石,均对我国社会平稳发展起到重要作用。西部大开发的实施既推动了民族地区现代化进程,也凸显了以城市为中心的发展模式下城乡功能不协调、空间布局待优化以及协同治理不完善等问题。进入新时代,上述发展模式固化衍生的城乡融合协调发展及乡村建设等方面的困境,是民族地区高质量发展必须解决的短板,然而重塑城乡空间关系的前提是二者要对等。因此应在以空间正义为价值导向基础之上,通过共融共享、合理有效的空间规划和空间善治促进和推动城乡互动与交流,彰显城乡空间各自价值,促进功能互补,构建城乡双向赋能的空间结构,对于民族地区实践乡村振兴战略,推进城乡融合发展,夯实共同富裕发展基础,实现民族地区高质量发展,具有重要的战略支撑价值。