China＇s Experience in Rural Poverty Reduction.Jobs from Industrialization and Urbanization to Increase Rural Household Income

This paper makes an appraisal of the successful experience of China, a country with the largest agricultural population in the world, in the reduction of rural poverty. We conclude that it is an indispensible strategy to give priority to the development of urban sectors to promote economic growth and reduce rural poverty, and that the development of low value-added agriculture yields few, if any, benefits in decreasing rural poverty. By first adopting urban-biased policies and promoting industrialization, China has created new sources of economic growth and urban employment opportunities to absorb the surplus rural workforce. Entering labor-intensive industrial sectors for higher incomes has thus become a critical avenue for the rural poor to benefit from economic growth and escape poverty.

Effects of Urbanization and Industrialization on Farmland System in Shandong Peninsula

[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of urbanization and industrialization on farmland system in Shandong Peninsula. [Method] In Shandong Peninsula, the effects were studied and analyzed using remote sensing and image interpretation with spatial data analysis and statistic data analysis. [Result] During researching periods in Shandong Peninsula, wasteland area changed from decreasing to increasing; farmland area was declining; orchard and forestry areas were increasing, mainly resulting from political policies and benefits maximization of farmers. Meanwhile, chemical fertilizers and agricultural mechanization are more frequently applied with industrialization and urbanization, leading significant effects on environment, industry and urban. [Conclusion] More policies should be formulated to promote harmonious development of society, economy and environment.

Urban and Rural Landscape Ecological Problem Produced by Urbanization

By using landscape ecology theory and measure,structure,layout,function and resources utilization of urban and rural landscape during urbanization process had been studied;urban and rural landscape problems brought by urbanization and reasons causing them had been analyzed.In terms of rural landscape ecological problems,degeneration of natural and semi-natural landscape caused ecological unbalance,disorder of landscape pattern caused decrease of ecological environmental quality,disharmony between new and old landscape caused loss of native characteristic,contradiction between land and population became acute,land waste and pollution were serious and ecological environment had been damaged.In terms of urban landscape ecological problem,damage of regional ecological environment gave rise to decrease of ecological function,natural and cultural landscapes with significant value had been destroyed,urban green space constantly decreased and landscape fragmentation degree increased,urban layout lacked of planning which led to spatial development problem.On this basis,corresponding countermeasures had been proposed.It pointed out that,as for rural landscape ecological problems,it should pay attention to landscape ecological planning and adjustment of layout,coordinate regional comprehensive development by completeness principle,effectively coordinate all kinds of contradictions,intensify the effort for rural land arrangement,and develop construction of ecological network;as for urban landscape ecological problems,it should lay stress on reasonable planning of landscape structural proportion,establishing reasonable landscape pattern,effectively constructing urban green land and regulating ecological environment.

Normative Analysis and Strategy Research on Harmonized Development of Modern Industrialization, Urbanization, Agricultural Modernization and IT Application

Targeting modernization, we should keep to the Chinese-style path of car- rying out industrialization in a new way and advancing IT application, urbanization, and agricultural modernization. In the research, the scientific concepts of IT applica- tion, urbanization, agricultural modernization and industrialization were illustrated and the interrelations were analyzed, with measures on harmonized development pro- posed based on existing problems.

Attributes of Specialized Households'Resilience and Its Impact on Rural Industrial Advancement:A Case Study of National Musical Instrument Production Specialized Households in Lankao County,Henan,China

Specialized households serve as the primary units within specialized villages in China,and their capacity to withstand risks and external influences significantly shapes the future trajectory of specialized villages and the overall vitality of the rural economy.In this study,we established a measurement indicator system based on the definition of specialized households’resilience,elucidating the logical connection between specialized households’resilience and rural industrial development in China.The musical instrument industry in Lankao County,Henan Province of China,was employed as a case;survey data,the entropy method,and an obstacle diagnosis model were used to examine how instrument production specialized households responded to the challenges posed by Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)and the tightening of national environmental protection policies,yielding the following key findings:1)there exists substantial variation in the comprehensive resilience levels among different specialized households;2)the ability to learn and adapt is the most significant contributor to the overall resilience level of specialized households;3)technological proficiency and access to skilled talent emerge as pivotal factors influencing specialized households’resilience;4)the positioning of specialized households within the industrial supply chain and the stability of their income have a direct bearing on their resilience level.The influence of specialized households’resilience on industrial development primarily manifests in the following ways:stronger resilience correlates with increased stability in production and sales,fostering a more proactive approach to future actions.However,heightened exposure to the external macroeconomic environment can lead to a higher rate of export reduction.To enhance the development resilience of entities like specialized households and family farms,and to invigorate rural economic development,escalating investments in rural science and technology and prioritizing the training of technical talent become imperative.

Influence of Transportation Accessibility on Urban-rural Income Disparity and Its Spatial Heterogeneity

Transportation accessibility has been treated as an important means of reducing the urban-rural income disparity.However,only a few studies have examined the effects of different types of transportation accessibility on urban-rural income disparity and their spatial heterogeneity.Based on data from 285 prefecture-level(and above)Chinese cities in 2000,2005,2010,2015,and 2020,this study uses spatial econometric models to examine how highway accessibility and railway accessibility influence the urban-rural income disparity and to identify their spatial heterogeneity.The result reveals that highway accessibility and railway accessibility have‘coreperiphery’ring-like circle structures.The urban-rural income disparity exhibits strong spatial clustering effects.Both highway accessibility and railway accessibility are negatively associated with urban-rural income disparity,and the former having a greater effect size.Moreover,there is a substitution effect between highway accessibility and railway accessibility in the whole sample.Furthermore,these associations differ in geographic regions.In the central region,highway accessibility is more important in reducing the urban-rural income disparity,but its effect is weakened with the increase of railway accessibility.In the western region,railway accessibility has a larger effect on narrowing the urban-rural income disparity,and this effect is strengthened by the increase of highway accessibility.We conclude that improving transportation accessibility is conducive to reducing the urban-rural income disparity but its effect is spatial heterogenetic.Highways and railways should be developed in a coordinated manner to promote an integrated transport network system.

"Hollow Village" Evolution and Policy Control from the Perspective of Rural Urbanization: A Case Study of Jiangsu Province

From the perspective of the process of urbanization,this paper puts forward the corresponding public policy control by analyzing the characteristics of " hollowing" at different stages of urbanization. Moreover,the paper focuses on the stage of China's current urbanization.Based on the survey of migrant workers,this paper evaluates China's current policies,and argues that the rural " hollowing" is an objective that accompanies urbanization. At different stages of the process of urbanization,the rural " hollowing" presents different characteristics. Local governments should make policy and plan based on the different stages of local urbanization and local conditions,because of the extent of regional differences in economic and social development. This paper aims to guide the rural " hollowing" to develop toward the right direction.

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Heart Diseases within the Urban and Rural Communities of the Town of Bougouni and Its Surroundings (Southern Mali): A Comparative Study

In Mali, few studies have been conducted on the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and diseases according to place of residence. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of risk factors and cardiovascular diseases according to residents in town of Bougouni and its rural area (southern Mali). Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study from February 2019 to March 2024. All patients who visited the “CENTRE MEDICAL DE BOUGOUNI” clinic with known or suspected heart disease during the study period were included. Data were collected from medical records. Incomplete or unusable records were excluded. Data were processed using SPS version 22 software. Results: we included 452 patients with an average age of 50 ± 19 years. High blood pression has been found in 42.70% of cases, with higher prevalence in urban areas (47.01%) than in rural areas (41.50%). Diabetes and smoking were found respectively 5.31% and 8.19% in our population. The prevalence of diabetes was higher in urban areas (5.97%) than rural area (5.35%). smoking prevalence was higher in rural areas (8.49%) than urban areas (6.72%). Alcoholism was found in 2.21% of cases with a little difference between rural area (2.24%) and urban area (2.20%). 31.63% of our patients had no cardiovascular factor. Dyspnea was the reason of consultation in 5.75% of cases and atypical precordialgia in 13.72%. Headaches and dizziness in 8.63% of cases and 21.90% of patients presented other non-specific symptoms. Diagnosis of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy was found in 23.45% of cases with higher prevalence in rural areas (28.30%) than urban areas (13.43%). Ischaemic heart disease accounted for 9.29% of cases with a higher prevalence in rural areas (10.38%) than in urban areas (6.71%). PPCMs accounted for 5.98% of cases, with a slight increase in urban areas (6.66%) compared with rural areas (5.68%). Rheumatic valvulopathy accounted for 2.21% of cases;2.84% in rural areas and 0.74% in urban areas. Other valvular diseases accounted for 3.76% of cases;4.73% in rural areas and 1.48% in urban areas. Right heart diseases accounted for 3.98% of cases and stroke for 1.77%. Conclusion: The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and heart diseases is high in the rural and urban population of the town of Bougouni and its surroundings (Mali). Excepted smoking, the prevalence of other CV risk factors is higher in urban areas, whereas the prevalence of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and ischemic heart disease is higher in rural areas. These data could serve as a basis for developing tailored preventive strategies, depending on the place of residence.

Problems of Rural Migrant Workers and Policies in the New Period of Urbanization

The huge migration of rural workers has new characteristics such as the bad order, high degree of concentration, low level of collective action, marginality in social status, unfair treatment, difficult integration of the new generation, and the new return trend of rural migrants, which causes ‘urban diseases’ in China. Countermeasures should be taken to develop medium-sized and small cities, integrate the labor market of the city and countryside, provide necessary public services, social security and vocational training, guide the rural migrant workers to return rationally, and help the new generation live in harmony with urban residents.

Research on the Model of Urbanization Based on Rural Industrialization

After the 18th CPC National Congress,urbanization regained its importance.As villages become heterogeneously urbanized,rural industrialization is reiterated for town urbanization.Yet all the historically famous models for Zhujiang,Sunan and Wenzhou in the progress of rural industrialization encountered dilemmas.Is the modernization theory sound in dictating that latecomers cannot achieve urbanization through rural industrialization?The author discusses the origination of the industrialization and urbanization of Hebei villages which is considered to represent the vision of British industrial revolution.There are two implications:(1)Town urbanization requires rural industrialization as its base,which must not rely completely on external industries and being urbanized top-down,but rather on the development of internal economic and social forces;(2)Urbanization cannot evolve spontaneously on the basis of rural industrialization.Instead,it is the result of conscious common planning and construction pushed by multiple forces.Therefore,the government should,in accordance with the law of development,provide guidance that mitigates various issues in the process of development.

Exploring well-being disparities between urban and rural areas:A case study in the Stavropol Territory,Russia

Rural areas are crucial for a country’s sustainable economy.New strategies are needed to develop rural areas to improve the well-being of rural population and generate new job opportunities.This is especially important in countries where agricultural production accounts for a significant share of the gross product,such as Russia.In this study,we identified the key indicators of satisfaction and differences between rural and urban citizens based on their social,economic,and environmental backgrounds,and determined whether there are well-being disparities between rural and urban areas in the Stavropol Territory,Russia.We collected primary data through a survey based on the European Social Survey framework to investigate the potential differences between rural and urban areas.By computing the regional well-being index using principal component analysis,we found that there was no statistically significant difference in well-being between rural and urban areas.Results of key indicators showed that rural residents felt psychologically more comfortable and safer,assessed their family relationships better,and adhered more to traditions and customs.However,urban residents showed better economic and social conditions(e.g.,infrastructures,medical care,education,and Internet access).The results of this study imply that we can better understand the local needs,advantages,and unique qualities,thereby gaining insight into the effectiveness of government programs.Policy-makers and local authorities can consider targeted interventions based on the findings of this study and strive to enhance the well-being of both urban and rural residents.

Analysis of Influencing Factors on Fruit Consumption of Urban and Rural Residents in Beijing

In light of the rapid expansion of China s economy,there has been a notable shift in the consumption patterns of urban and rural residents.This is evident in the increased consumption of agricultural products,with fruit consumption representing a particularly pronounced trend.The 2023 Beijing Consumption Statistics indicate that demand for fruit is increasing,accompanied by heightened competition for quality and brands.The paper is based on research that examines the current situation of fruit consumption among urban and rural residents in Beijing.The results indicate that when urban and rural residents in Beijing purchase fruits,price is the most significant factor influencing fruit consumption.Taste,appearance,and variety are also considered to be important influencing factors,while the influence of factors such as fruit type,consumption pattern,and fruit brand is relatively minor.

Empirical Analysis on the Role Rural Urbanization in Promoting Economic Growth by Expanding Consumption

Urbanization construction is a historical mission of China's modernization construction,and is also the largest potential for expanding domestic demand. Actively promoting rural urbanization is favorable for expanding consumption and boosting economic growth. Through building VAR model using data of urbanization level and consumption in 1978- 2012,this paper made Granger causality test,impulse response analysis,and variance decomposition analysis on the relation between urbanization and economic growth. In addition,from comparing the effect of urbanization on expanding rural consumption and urban consumption,it is known that the effect of growth of urbanization rate on urban consumption is lower than rural consumption in short term,but urbanization level has a greater contribution to growth of urban consumption in the long run.

A Study of Agricultural Technology Extension and Synchronous Development of Agricultural Modernization,Urbanization and Industrialization in China

Through the study of relationship between agricultural technology extension and the development of agricultural modernization,urbanization and industrialization,it is found that agricultural technology extension is an important means to achieve synchronous development of agricultural modernization,urbanization and industrialization. Based on the sample data in China during 1978-2011,we perform the empirical analysis using VAR model and cointegration analysis and impulse response methods. The results show that there is a long-term positive equilibrium relationship between agricultural technology extension and the development of agricultural modernization,urbanization and industrialization,and agricultural technology extension plays a role in promoting agricultural modernization,urbanization and industrialization to varying degrees. Finally,it is concluded that there is a need to establish efficient agricultural technology extension mechanism and diversified agricultural technology extension investment mechanism to make agricultural technology extension better promote China's agricultural modernization,urbanization and industrialization.

Study on Balanced Development of Industrialization,Urbanization and Agricultural Modernization in Henan Province

This article expounds the connotation of balanced development of " industrialization,urbanization and agricultural modernization",and points out the problems thwarting balanced development of " industrialization,urbanization and agricultural modernization" in Henan Province as follows:the level of industrialization is not high;the general level of urbanization is low;the agricultural foundation is weak and there are many institutional barriers.The goal of balanced development of " industrialization,urbanization and agricultural modernization" in Henan Province is to take a road of industrialization and urbanization,not at the expense of agriculture and food.Based on this,the measures are put forward for balanced development of " industrialization,urbanization and agricultural modernization " in Henan Province as follows:keep to the new road of industrialization with characteristics of Henan Province,promote the development of industry and accelerate the transformation of pattern;keep to the road of new urbanization with characteristics of Henan Province,and promote the rapid change in urban development pattern;adhere to the road of agricultural modernization with characteristics of Henan Province,and promote the rapid change in pattern of agricultural development.

Development Level and Dynamic Analysis of the Integration of Three Rural Industries in the Context of Rural Revitalization

As a key measure to comprehensively promote the strategy of rural revitalization,especially in the field of industrial prosperity,the integration of rural three industries is of great strategic significance.In this study,entropy method and TOPSIS method were employed to calculate the comprehensive evaluation index of integration of three industries and the ideal development value respectively.The development status of integration of three rural industries was systematically evaluated,and the development trend of different regions was compared and analyzed.The results indicate that the development index of integration of three industries showed a steady growth trend,among which the development level of Jiangsu Province ranked first,followed by Hubei Province,while the development level of Shaanxi Province was relatively low.When analyzing the Level I indicators of integration of three rural industries,the contribution of industrial integration behavior exceeded the performance of industrial integration.Among the behavioral indicators of industrial integration,the weight of agricultural multi-functionality and service integration was relatively large,which plays a significant role in promoting the development of integration of three rural industries.The scores and growth rates of Jiangsu Province in increasing farmers income,increasing agricultural production and rural economic development were higher than those of other regions,while Shaanxi Province still had a certain gap in rural industrial integration indicators compared with Jiangsu Province and Hubei Province.In view of this,we came up with some strategic recommendations for further promoting the development of integration of three rural industries.

Exploring the Element Integration of Urban and Rural“Space of Flows”in the Context of Consumption Upgrading:A Case Study of Changsi Village in Anhui Province

The mobility and interaction between urban and rural areas are becoming more and more intensive,and their links and exchanges are increasingly closer due to constant flow of factors such as information,capital,personnel and technology.In this context,the element integration of urban and rural“space of flows”can promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas,improve the consumption environment and experience,and promote the industrial upgrading and technological progress.To realize the element integration of urban and rural“space of flows”,it is necessary to explore and innovate in infrastructure construction,information technology application,industrial cooperation and cultural exchanges.Government departments,enterprises and social organizations also need to work together to give play to their respective advantages and jointly promote the process of element integration of urban and rural“space of flows”.

Mechanism and Countermeasures for Action of Scientific and Technological Innovation on Integration of Industrialization and Urbanization

In the current process of deepening reform in China,industrial structure upgrading,economic structural transformation and new urbanization are important tasks to promote social and economic development,and technological innovation has gradually become the primary driving force for industrial upgrading,economic transformation and the realization of new urbanization.The article analyzed the action mechanism of scientific and technological innovation on the integration of industrialization and urbanization through qualitative and quantitative methods,found out the prominent problems faced by Henan through the empirical analysis of relevant data of Henan Province,and then proposed the integrated development path driven by scientific and technological innovation.

Challenges and Enhancement Pathways in County-Level Rural Industry Revitalization: Insights from Ningyang

The development status and development mode of rural industry have been widely concerned by all sectors of the country. Through investigation, it is found that the development of rural industry cannot be achieved without the participation of the party committee, government, enterprises, village collectives, and farmers. Starting from the theory of collaborative governance, this paper takes the rural industry as the main research object and conducts an in-depth exploration of the industrial model, management, radiation, and planning. Through practical case research, three improvement paths are formulated according to the difficulties of industrial development, including collaborative governance mechanism, talent cultivation mechanism, and industrial development mechanism. The focus is on the participation degree of farmers and the distribution of farmers’ interests, so that the rural revitalization results can truly benefit farmers and lead them.

Analysis of the Current Situation, Influential Factors, and Countermeasures of Rural E-commerce Development

The development of rural e-commerce is becoming an important driver for the transformation of China’s rural economy,and with the rapid development of information technology and the upgrading of the agricultural industry,rural e-commerce is showing a vigorous momentum of development.Traditionally,agricultural products are mainly sold through traditional farmers’markets,which are subjected to geography and channel limitations,resulting in inefficient circulation of agricultural products.This paper analyzes the definition,the status quo,as well as the influencing factors of rural e-commerce development.On this basis,countermeasures for the advancement of rural e-commerce development are put forward.