Economic Effect of Rural Labor Transfer in China

With the continuous development of China’s economy and the acceleration of urbanization,more and more rural labor force is gradually transferred to cities and non-agricultural industries.Although the transfer of rural labor force can increase farmers’income,improve farmers’quality of life,and accelerate the process of urbanization and agricultural modernization in China,the unreasonable transfer of rural labor force has also brought some problems to China’s agricultural development.This paper mainly through the method of combining theoretical derivation and empirical analysis,using the data from 2010 to 2015 to analyze,study the influence of rural labor transfer on agricultural production,explore the relationship between rural labor transfer and agricultural development and provide relevant policy suggestions.

The New Changes in Rural Labor Transfer Mode under New Urbanization: Based on the Survey of 10 Villages in Guizhou Province

With the full-speed development of economy,the new urbanization has been accelerated in Guizhou Province in order to make the people reach a well-off standard of living by 2020. From the whole society,the key point is the development of the rural economy,and the development of the rural economy depends on the economic development of rural households. The income from rural labor force transfer has become the main income source and accounts for more than half of rural household income,which will play a major role in survival and development of rural households.

Sense of Happiness of Left-behind Elderly People in the Context of Rural Labor Transfer——A Case Study of Guizhou Province

Through questionnaires and interviews,this paper surveyed and studied the sense of happiness of 187 left-behind elderly people in Guizhou. The results show that in the context of the rural labor transfer,the sense of happiness of left-behind elderly people is generally low.There are many influencing factors and complex causes. Through analysis,it is found that transfer of family labor has a great impact on the sense of happiness of left-behind elderly people. Finally,it came up with some pertinent recommendations for raising the sense of happiness of left-behind elderly people.

Chinese Rural labors Transfer under the Coordination of Urban-Rural Development

The strategic significance of Chinese rural labor transfer is expounded.It is conducive to solving the three agricultural problems concerning agriculture,rural areas,and farmers and coordinating the urban and rural development;promoting the rational distribution of human resources and realizing the growth of national economy;restructuring industrial structure and improving Chinese market competitiveness.The problems in the transfer of Chinese rural labors are analyzed,which include the low overall cultural level of rural labors;imperfect organization developmental;weak management mechanism and imperfect supporting measures.The rational paths for Chinese rural labor transfer are pointed out,including break the urban and rural dual structure and realize the free move of rural labors;strengthen the organization construction to provide high-quality socialized service for rural labor transfer;perfect security system to foster favorable social environment for rural labor transfer;establish scientific management mechanism to realize the sustainable rural labor transfer.

From "Migrant Workers Boom" to "Migrant Workers Scarcity"——Analysis of Institutional Bottleneck of Rural Surplus Labors Transfer in China

Through description of three-steps characteristic of dual economic theory and its practical significance to the process of industrialization and urbanization in China,and making comparative analysis between important criterion of "Lewis turning point" and current situation of rural surplus labors market in China,we can find that there exists a great deal of surplus labors in rural areas in our country,improvement of peasant income is the result of external interference of government,and demographic dividend in our country hasn't finished.These phenomena go against the theory of "Lewis turning point".So it can prove that "Lewis turning point" in China hasn't come yet.The paper points out the major factors of coexistence of "migrant workers scarcity" and labors redundancy in our country.The first one is structure contradiction of labors market;the second one is law of supply-demand of labors market;the third one is institutional barrier which hinders labors in free flow of census register and social guarantee.Therefore,if we want to realize successful transfer of rural surplus labors and the goal of industrialization and urbanization,we must promote upgrading of industrial structure,change the style of economic growth and realize harmonious development of regional economy in macrocosmic level;And in microcosmic level,we should eliminate institutional barrier which hinders transfer of rural surplus labors.

Problems in the Transfer of Rural Surplus Labor Force in Chengdu Plain——A Empirical Analysis of Xiyu Village,Gexianshan Town,China

Under the new situation of the coordination of rural and urban development,the employment and transfer of surplus labor force have become the major social problems in China.Based on the field investigation on Xiyu Village of Gexianshan Town in Pengzhou City,the surplus labor force and the absorptive capacity of non-agricultural industries are estimated by using per capita cultivated method and output value absorption method.Based on this,the transfer pattern of surplus labor force is generalized and the corresponding suggestions for transfer are put forward.

Approaches and countermeasures of the transfer of rural surplus labors in China

The transfer of rural surplus labors concerns the development of agriculture and the national economy in China. On the pivotal period of transforming economy and society, whether the transfer can be accomplished successfully will play an important role in the social stabilization and the sustainable development of economy. In this paper, the authors bring out the characteristics and the main impediment of transfer. At the same time, countermeasures which are more effective have been put forward.

Impact of Labor Transfer on Agricultural Land Use Conversion at Rural Household Level Based on Logit Model

Since land and labor force are primary resources to be used and controlled by rural households, the allocation of labor forces will influence land uses, and further lead to land use conversion. The present study used the Binary Logit model to investigate the influence of labor force transfer, characteristics of rural households, location, and land market on agricultural land use conversion at rural household level. This study was conducted based on 329 valid questionnaires, which were obtained in Changshu, Rudong, and Tongshan counties, respectively representing the southern, middle and northern areas of Jiangsu Province. The results showed that land market participation, location, zonal difference and labor transfer had strong influences on agricultural land use conversion. The participation of land market had a strong positive effect on land use conversion, especially for the farmland converted to the fishpond. The nearer to the county seat, the more conversion of land use occurred. Particularly, the labor force transfer caused by wage employment decreased this conversion probability, while the labor transfer caused by self-employment led to more conversion; and the increasing of income from labor transfer increased the conversion. Moreover, land use con- versions demonstrated zonal difference, which were more in Rudong and Changshu counties than in Tongshan County, and the factors influencing this conversion were different in the three regions.

The relationship between rural surplus labor transfer,urbanization and income gap

Based on the time series data of Shandong province from 2001 to 2018,a VAR model consisting of three variables,namely,rural surplus labor transfer,urbanization and urban-rural income gap,was constructed,and the interaction among the three variables and their characteristics were empirically analyzed.The results show that urbanization and rural surplus labor transfer are Granger causation to each other,and there is a positive correlation between urban-rural income gap and rural surplus labor force in long-term equilibrium,while there is a negative correlation between urban-rural income gap and rural surplus labor force transfer.Therefore,it is necessary to fully recognize the relationship between the transfer of rural surplus labor,urbanization and urban-rural income gap,accelerate the urbanization construction,promote the rural surplus labor to gather in cities,and gradually narrow the urban-rural income gap.

社会保障参与有助于农村土地流转吗?——基于劳动力转移的中介效应

随着我国城乡社会保障制度逐步完善,农民对土地的依赖得到缓解,农村劳动力非农就业比例提高,农村土地流转供给不断增加。基于中国家庭追踪调查2012—2018年数据,构建了双重固定效应模型,旨在考察社会保障参与对农村土地流转的影响,同时分析了劳动力转移的中介效应。研究结果表明:参与新型农村养老保险对农村土地转出具有显著影响;参与新型农村合作医疗保险对于农村土地转出的影响并不显著,但是显著抑制农村土地转入;劳动力转移在新型农村养老保险对农村土地转出的影响中发挥着中介作用,在新型农村合作医疗对农村土地流转影响中发挥的中介效应不明显。

考虑非农转移异质性的二元经济增长模型——对中国“迁移谜题”的再解释

传统二元经济模型没有考虑非农转移的异质性,因而无法解释中国“迁移谜题”。文章通过构建一个考虑非农转移异质性的二元经济增长模型,将永久性转移和非永久性转移同时纳入理论分析,对中国农村劳动力转移与城乡收入差距扩大并存的现象进行再解释,并增强二元经济增长模型对中国和其他发展中国家的适用性。分析结果表明,缩小农业部门和非农部门劳均产出差距要求农业部门保持较高的劳均土地增长率,如果能够加快农村劳动力由非永久性转移演变为永久性转移,农业部门劳均土地和劳均产出的增长就有可能进一步加快,城乡收入差距也有可能进一步缩小。进一步,农村劳动力的非农转移对两部门均衡发展也会产生一定影响。在长期中,“迁移谜题”可能会因非农部门的发展和非农就业机会的增加而消失,因为农村劳动力可以逐步在城镇寻求充分就业而完成永久性转移。最后,本文提供了与农村劳动力非农转移相关的若干特征事实以及政策建议。

农村劳动力转移、技术进步与农业碳生产率——基于PVAR模型的实证分析

在气候变化背景下,提高农业碳生产率是我国农业实现低碳转型的关键。本文以2005-2021年30个省的面板数据为基础,运用PVAR模型,对农村劳动力转移、农业技术进步与农业碳生产率的关系进行深入研究。结果表明:农村劳动力转移对农业技术进步有显著的正向作用;农业技术进步对农业碳生产率表现出显著的正向影响;农业碳生产率对农业技术进步也有一定的正向冲击,农业碳生产率的提升一定程度上倒逼农业技术进步;三者都存在较强的自我强化机制,但对另外两者的贡献度都较低。

产业集聚与城乡收入差距——基于动态空间杜宾模型的实证分析

文章基于全国31个省级面板数据,通过动态空间杜宾模型分析产业集聚对城乡收入差距的影响。研究表明:现阶段产业集聚在总体上缩小了城乡收入差距;产业集聚对城乡收入差距的影响存在空间溢出效应;城乡收入差距的变动存在空间集聚和路径依赖现象;从区域角度看,东中部、中西部和西部地区产业集聚对城乡收入差距的缩小均作用显著。基于以上结论,本文建议科学调整和优化产业结构,统筹城乡和区域产业协同发展;加大农业技术投入,推进农业产业优化升级;增加农村人力资本投入,优化农村劳动力职业转移路径。

财政偏向、农村劳动力转移与城乡收入差距

基于2002—2020年中国30个省份面板数据,运用非线性空间杜宾模型分析财政偏向对城乡收入差距的影响效应,并进一步考察农村劳动力转移的调节作用。结果表明:财政偏向对城乡收入差距的直接影响效应和空间溢出效应均呈倒“U”型特征,即达到一定阈值后,财政偏向会缩小本地和周边地区的城乡收入差距;财政偏向对城乡收入差距的作用效果存在基于经济发展水平差异的区域异质性;农村劳动力转移在财政偏向与城乡收入差距之间发挥调节作用,且该作用效果存在区域异质性,即随着农村劳动力转移程度的提高,财政偏向与城乡收入差距之间的关系曲线趋向陡峭,同时曲线拐点向左移动。据此,建议因地制宜确定财政支农规模,重视加强区域间协同发展机制,促进农村劳动力自由转移,进而推动城乡一体化发展。

General report on the status of Chinese rural migrant workers and their development trends

This paper reviews the development of the rural migrant worker issue in China since reform and opening-up began. Firstly,utilizing substantial investigation,the authors analyze the new characteristics of Chinese rural migrant workers;Secondly,authors analyze the migrant workers’ contributions to reshaping the rural landscape and to driving China’s economic development and social structural change;Finally,using a quantitative analysis model,they examine the long-term trends of rural migrant workers and their interactions with macroeconomic and social development.

数字经济对城乡融合发展影响研究——基于中介效应模型实证检验

城乡融合是我国实现乡村振兴、全面建成社会主义现代化强国的内在要求,数字经济为城乡融合发展提供新动力与新机遇。文章基于2003—2020年中国省际面板数据,实证分析数字经济对城乡融合发展水平的影响,并通过中介效应模型检验农村劳动力流动和资本配置能力在数字经济影响城乡融合发展过程中的间接效应。研究结果表明:数字经济对城乡融合发展具有显著促进作用;中介效应检验发现,农村劳动力流动和资本配置能力是数字经济影响城乡融合发展的两个关键路径。基于此,提出推进数字设施基础化建设、健全城乡融合发展机制、发展数字生产力等政策建议。

共同富裕目标下农业社会化服务对城乡收入差距的影响——兼论农村劳动力转移与人力资本的门槛效应

通过分析农业社会化服务发展水平对城乡居民收入差距的影响机理,并利用2011—2020年省级面板数据进行实证检验。结果发现:农业社会化服务发展水平对城乡收入差距的影响呈先缩小后扩大的“U”形趋势,且农业社会化服务对农村居民收入的提升效果大于其对城镇居民收入的影响;农业社会化服务发展水平对城乡收入差距的影响存在门槛效应;农村劳动力转移越多、农村人力资本水平越高,农业社会化服务对城乡收入差距缩小的作用效应越明显。把全国样本分成粮食主产区、粮食主销区和粮食产销平衡区三部分进行区域异质性检验,结果显示,农业社会化服务发展也有利于城乡收入差距的缩小。基于此,应在大力发展农业社会化服务水平的基础上,通过加快农村劳动力转移和提升农村人力资本水平等方式强化农业社会化服务缩小城乡收入差距的作用,进而实现共同富裕。

增值税转型改革的减税政策对城乡收入差距的影响研究

共同富裕取得实质性进展是中国特色社会主义的本质要求,而缩小城乡收入差距则是实现共同富裕的关键举措。文章尝试基于共同富裕视角考察增值税转型改革的减税政策对城乡收入差距的影响及其机制,旨在理解税收政策对协调城乡区域发展的积极作用,并利用2001-2020年中国地级市层面的统计数据进行实证检验,发现增值税转型改革的减税政策显著缩小了城乡收入差距,且一系列稳健性检验均支持上述研究结论。机制检验表明,增值税转型改革推动了农村劳动力向非农部门转移趋势,增加了农村居民工资性收入并有助于缩小城乡收入差距。进一步研究发现,增值税转型改革的确增加了农村居民收入,并通过促进农业机械化而释放了农村劳动力。本文为切实缩小城乡收入差距、协调推进城乡区域平衡发展极具现实意义,并为深入推进减税降费改革提供了实证证据和研究基础。

普惠保险、劳动力转移与城乡收入差距——基于共同富裕的视角

首先,本文尝试构建一个包含普惠保险与劳动力转移的城乡二元结构理论模型,系统诠释普惠保险、劳动力转移对城乡收入差距和共同富裕的作用渠道与影响效应;其次,通过建立中介效应模型并结合面板数据,实证检验了普惠保险促进劳动力转移,进而缩小城乡收入差距的传导机制。研究表明:普惠保险和农村劳动力转移是缩小城乡收入差距的重要动力,普惠保险不仅对城乡收入差距存在直接的缩小效应,还通过劳动力转移这一间接途径显著缩小了城乡收入差距,实现共同富裕;劳动力转移是普惠保险缩小城乡收入差距、影响共同富裕的重要机制,普惠保险通过劳动力转移对城乡收入差距的影响,会因家庭劳动力所在地区不同而表现出明显差异。进一步拓展分析发现:相比经济水平较发达的中东部地区,在经济文化较落后的西部地区,普惠保险基于劳动力转移这一中介变量对城乡收入差距的抑制作用更显著。

农村劳动力转移与农业经济发展的动态协整关系探析

农村劳动力转移对于消除贫困和发展农业经济发挥了重要作用,农业经济的发展也为劳动力转移创造了条件。农村劳动力转移与农业经济发展具有动态协整关系,农村劳动力转移能够有效促进农业经济发展,农业经济发展也推动了农村劳动力向非农部门或城镇转移,因此,应大力支持农村劳动力转移、加快推动农村劳动力转向非农行业就业、积极引导农村劳动力的市民化转型、加快推进农业机械化。