Comparative Analysis on Policy Realization of Old and New Rural Social Endowment Insurance System

Based on the perspective of"political potential"and"incentive mechanism",this paper compares the different effects of the old rural social endowment insurance system and the new rural social endowment insurance system,so as to explain the policy realization degree of the old and new rural social endowment insurance system.According to the analysis,the new rural social endowment insurance system has greatly improved the implementation of policies,the implementation of policies,the overall planning ability between departments,and the enthusiasm of individual farmers to participate in the insurance.Compared with the old rural social endowment insurance system,the policy realization ability of the new rural social endowment insurance system has been significantly enhanced,and the effect of the policy realization has been significantly improved.

The Approaches to Narrowing Urban-Rural Income Gap——From the Perspective of Rural Social Security

From the situations about the incomes and life quality of the urban and rural residents,the thesis briefly introduces the status quo of the urban-rural income gap and explores the impact of the income gap on social economy:firstly,it hampers economic development;secondly,it is detrimental to the social development.Then the thesis analyzes the role of a sound social security in narrowing urban-rural income gap:at first,it broadens the institutional environment of improving the agricultural efficiency;secondly,it eliminates the uncertainties influencing the farmers' income;thirdly,it improves the farmers' capacity to increase income;at last,it enhances the farmers' consciousness of wealth.Next the thesis inquires into the problems existing in the system of rural social security:the first problem is more obviously fragmented system;the second is inadequate security projects and narrower coverage;the third is an obvious lack of equality in urban and rural security;the fourth is even less sound management system;the last is the lagging of legislation.Afterwards the thesis proposes the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the system of rural social security and narrow urban-rural income gap:firstly,to integrate the social security system in rural areas;secondly,to perfect security projects and enhance the security system;thirdly,to integrate the administrative management of social security;at last,to enforce the legal system.

Human Capital of Family and Social Mobility in Rural Areas-Evidence from China

This research focuses on the impact of family＇s human capital on social mobility in China＇s rural community.Empirical research is conducted based on data from surveying a typical rural community in the past 20 yr.The study indicates that social mobility in rural area is active in the past 20 yr,and the human capital of family,represented by primary labor＇s education level,has played an essential role in mobility of low social class.Meanwhile,socio-economic development and the change of supply and demand in labor market dims the signaling role of degree education,but the impact of occupational training is increasingly remarkable.Therefore,the change from sole degree education to multi-leveled education including occupational education and training is a main way for China＇s rural families in low class to realize social mobility.

Actual Value of Rural Cultural Auditorium Construction from the Perspective of Social Transformation:A Case Study of Wenzhou City

From the perspective of social transformation,this paper analyzed the actual value of the construction of Wenzhou rural cultural auditorium,and it was found that it has important value in promoting the transformation of rural culture,economy,and grassroots governance.The construction of rural cultural auditorium is helpful for improving the present backward status of rural public cultural service supply,and promoting the integration and development of rural culture and urban culture;cultivating new rural economic entities,injecting action force for rural economic transformation and development;providing space guarantee for citizen participation in rural grassroots social governance,and is favorable for enhancing the awareness of public participation in rural grassroots governance.However,in the context of comprehensive rural revitalization,the value of cultural auditorium construction has not yet been fully realized.It is necessary to further enhance its value in rural social transformation from three aspects:auditorium construction,daily activity undertaking,and residents'participation in cultivation.

Sensitivity of Personal Account Accumulated Value of New Rural Social Pension Insurance to Variation of Uncertainties

The personal account of new rural social pension insurance raises funds in the form of individual premium-paying,collectively pooled subsidy and government subsidy.The personal account accumulated value has a decisive influence on the payment level of personal account pension.The personal account accumulated value has a direct or indirect relationship with the income level of farmers,premium-paying level,the insured period,investment return rate of funds and other factors.Analysing the impact of infinitesimal variation of these factors on accumulated value of personal account pension,is of great significance to improving and consolidating personal account,and achieving sustainable development of new rural social pension insurance.

乡村社会精英参与乡村治理效果评价研究

乡村振兴是实现国家现代化及实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的重要一环。要实现乡村振兴,人才振兴是关键,在党的十九大上,新乡贤作为新时代的乡村社会精英进入人们的视野,其作为重要的人才资源,日益成为参与乡村治理、实现乡村振兴的重要资源。乡村社会精英参与乡村治理面临哪些困境?其参与效果如何?需要具体指标评价。本文以此为着力点,在进行实地调研和广泛阅读文献的基础上,试图构建乡村社会精英参与乡村治理效果的评价指标体系,并构建相关变量之间的关系。

农村社会诚信建设的主要困境及路径选择

农村社会诚信建设既是村民个人品德提高的主要依凭,也是农村经济发展的重要保障,更是实现乡村振兴战略的价值目标。农村社会诚信建设面临农村行政能力弱化、传统诚信文化衰退、诚信制度建设滞后等发展困境。从强化党的领导、弘扬传统诚信文化、加强农村诚信制度建设等方面探析农村社会诚信建设的有效路径,对于推进农村社会稳定和发展具有重要现实意义。

共责异构:农村养老服务的有效模式

以人口老龄化和乡村振兴的双重战略为背景,基于全国78名村党组织书记的一手访谈资料,采用定性比较分析方法,探讨不同主体在农村养老服务中的作用和效果。区别于既有理论,我国农村养老体系呈现主体分层、对象分类、方法分段的“共责异构”特征。组态结果显示:(1)邻里互助是唯一的单因素必要条件,市场机制基本缺失;(2)政府兜底是互助型养老的前提,党建引领的组织化社会力量起到补足作用;(3)居家养老的主要逻辑是共同体互助而不完全是家庭反哺,机构养老的逻辑是政府主导资源协同。在新时代新征程,农村养老体系改革要立足中华民族优秀传统文化和制度优势,实现有中心的多元协同。

甘南高原乡村社会-生态系统可持续治理机制研究

甘南高原既是黄河上游重要水源补给生态功能区,又是安多藏文化核心区,研究该区域乡村社区对推动高寒地区乡村振兴和共同富裕具有重要意义。应用社会—生态系统理论开展甘南高原乡村社区可持续治理机制研究对该区域实现乡村振兴,保障民族地区团结稳定和长治久安具有重要意义。本文基于社会—生态系统理论,结合甘南高原特殊的文化背景,扩展了适用于甘南高原乡村文化特征的社会—生态系统分析框架,提出了包含资源系统、资源单位、治理系统、文化系统、使用者系统的甘南高原乡村社会—生态系统“五要素”分析框架,并对该框架的二级指标进行了细化,梳理了甘南高原乡村社会—生态系统的治理历程,最后分析了甘南高原乡村社会—生态系统不同演化阶段的可持续治理机制。

汉代乡村治理策略与制度安排述要

乡村治理是汉代国家治理最为重要的内容。朝廷实施以“孝悌廉洁”为标准“举孝廉”的官员选拔制度,继承和发扬古已有之的“三老”制度,规范和恢复上古的礼仪制度。这些从中央政府到地方乡村完备严密多条并行的垂直治理制度,为巩固政权获取稳定的财政、赋税和人力资源,有效管控豪右势力的扩张起到了较好的治理效果。

以基层社会治理现代化助推乡村振兴

随着我国乡村振兴战略的提出和推进,乡村发展逐渐成为国家发展的重要议题,而基层社会治理作为乡村发展的基石,其现代化程度直接影响着乡村振兴的成效。因此,加强基层社会治理现代化,提升基层组织的能力和水平,成为当前乡村振兴的迫切需求。该文介绍基层社会治理理念、基层社会治理现代化的意义,提出以基层社会治理现代化助推乡村振兴的路径。

社会系统理论视角下乡村干部主体性现状与培育研究

全面实施乡村振兴战略,乡村建设至关重要。村干部是推动乡村建设的领导力量。当前,大多数村干部具备良好的治理能力,能够有所作为。然而,部分乡村干部主体性不强,阻碍乡村建设的发展。文章通过调研Y县,了解该县村干部主体性现状,剖析了乡村干部主体性较弱的原因,并从强化教育培训、畅通监督渠道、壮大村级集体经济、建立健全激励保障制度等方面提出了培育村干部主体性的可行性对策,以帮助村干部更好地发挥主体性作用,促进乡村治理的现代化发展。

社会信用视域下积分制赋能乡村治理研究——以H省L县“信用+积分”制为例

乡村治理是基层治理的重点和难点,是推进乡村振兴,实现国家治理现代化的关键环节。近年来,在积极推进乡村治理创新的背景下,积分制模式在乡村治理中的应用日益广泛。H省L县“信用+积分”制乡村治理模式的具体实践表明,社会信用建设与积分制治理模式相融合,通过双向互动促进治理主体意识激活、奖惩激励约束引导村民行为塑造、多元协同与治理能力重塑等作用机制赋能乡村治理。但其运行中仍存在一些不足,因此,需要从建立保障机制、完善积分考评、加强数字应用等方面持续优化。

劳动力市场参与、社会互助依赖与乡村社会转型的区域差异--基于河南、山西两地传统农村变迁的考察

区域差异显著,是我国乡村社会发展的鲜明特征和基本事实。既有空间变迁视角下的村落终结论和社会结构视角下的区域差异论相关研究,难以对我国同一社会结构背景下乡村社会转型及其影响机制做出充分解释。基于河南、山西两地传统农村变迁的考察,研究发现:劳动力市场参与是理解我国各地乡村社会转型的重要视角和关键变量。在全国性劳动力市场参与条件下,以河南农村为典型代表的农村劳动力务工距离较远,对村庄传统社会互助体系冲击较大,导致村民与村庄关系日益松散,乡村社会转型较为迅速;在区域性劳动力市场参与条件下,以山西农村为典型代表的农村劳动力务工距离适中,对村庄传统社会互助体系冲击有限,一条龙服务等市场化机制难以完全替代,村民与村庄关系韧性较强,乡村社会转型较为平缓。在既有社会结构等视角之外,劳动力市场视角,无疑是对既有解释的进一步尝试性拓展,可以较好地弥补既有社会结构视角对我国乡村社会转型问题所遗留的解释空白。

Practical Significance of Rural Survey of the Communist Party of China after Reform and Opening up

Conducting rural social investigation is the excellent tradition of the Communist Party of China.Since the reform and opening up,the Communist Party of China has undertaken several times of rural investigation,fully grasped the first-hand data of rural development situation of China,and formulated scientific policies and measures.These promote tremendous changes in rural development.Rural investigation of the Communist Party of China covers a wide range of topics,including politics,economy,education,science and technology,health care,sanitation,and population.Undertaking detailed investigation in rural areas is of great significance for development of rural society,scientific administration of the Communist Party of China,and the construction of the socialist society with Chinese characteristics.

大学生志愿服务乡村振兴社会支持体系的构建

大学生志愿服务乡村振兴社会支持体系的构建,既有助于提升大学生志愿服务的积极性、主动性和创造性,也有助于高校盘活社会资源和壮大志愿服务力量,更有助于为推进乡村振兴提供持久的活力和动力。构建大学生志愿服务乡村振兴社会支持体系,必须基于“谁来支持”“支持什么”“如何支持”的三维架构,对其主体、内容和流程作出明确。近年来,在党和国家高度重视下,大学生志愿服务乡村振兴的政策支持力度不断增大,社会各界也给予广泛关注,但其体系也存在缺乏协同性、协调性和回应性的现实短板。当前,必须通过介入机制、整合机制、运行机制、评估机制和宣传机制的完善,推动大学生志愿服务乡村振兴社会支持体系实现科学发展。

“三治融合”乡村治理体系的生成逻辑与未来路向——基于社会资本嵌入鄂西W村实践的考察

“治理有效”是乡村振兴的总要求之一,而“三治融合”乡村治理体系是实现“治理有效”要求的重要方式。以社会资本理论为研究视角,结合中国乡村治理实践,提炼政党领导、社会信任、互惠规范和关系网络的分析框架,立足鄂西W村“三治融合”乡村治理体系的地方实践,研究“三治融合”乡村治理体系的生成逻辑与未来路向:发现“三治融合”乡村治理体系的生成逻辑为乡村社会资本再造为“三治融合”乡村治理体系生成提供条件,即基层党组织是“三治融合”乡村治理体系生成的领导者,乡村社会信任、互惠规范、关系网络分别为“三治融合”乡村治理体系生成提供基本前提、治理规则、厘定治理主体与治理内容。未来促进“三治融合”乡村治理体系提质增效,需注重发挥基层党组织的领导作用,以共建共治共享的理念与行动提升乡村社会信任,以产业发展为主要载体创建互惠规范,以产业发展为主要依托构建致密、健康的关系网络。

从悬浮到下沉:农村社会心理服务体系建设——基于江西省三个试点县的案例分析

农村作为社会心理服务体系建设扎根基层的重要场域,在社会心理服务体系建设中发挥着重要作用。通过对江西省三个省级社会心理服务体系建设试点县进行田野调查发现,农村社会心理服务体系建设特点为:社会心理服务中心覆盖率高,但大多处于“空置”状态;社会心理服务专业人才紧缺,且多数处于“悬浮”状态;农村社会心理服务存在“水土不服”现象,并未“下沉”到农民生活中。主要受三县社会心理服务体系定位、功能以及嵌入形式与村民接受的吻合程度的影响。对此,结合当地农村生产生活特点以及风俗习惯,从社会心理服务人才队伍、平台建设、服务内容以及工作模式方面提出农村社会心理服务体系建设的优化路径。