Engineering Study on the Treatment of Multi-soil-layering System on the Rural Domestic Wastewater in Taihu Basin

By combining with the actual situation in the rural area,the practical technology of domestic wastewater treatment which had the wide popularization value was developed in the rural area of Taihu Basin.Moreover,the multi-soil-layering system was used to treat the concentrated rural domestic wastewater,and the demonstration project was established in Fenshui Village,Yixing,Jiangsu.The result showed that the infrastructure and operating cost of system was low,and the treatment effect was good.The average removal ratios of COD,NH+4-N,TN,TP and SS were respectively 70%,83%,59%,76% and 94%.The quality of yielding water could reach Grade A standard of Pollutant Emission Standards in Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant.

Dynamic Mechanisms for Evolution of Mountain Rural Settlements and Soil Conservation in Upper Yangtze River Basin

This paper presents the logic relationship between rural settlement reconstruction and soil conservation in the Upper Yangtze River. Firstly, by introducing the concepts of ＂flow＂ and ＂intercepted flow＂, we probe into the dynamic mechanism on interaction between ecological and environmental system, and then point out that the ＂intercepting sites＂ are physical conditions for establishment of human settlements in mountains. Secondly, by using ecological theories, ＂flow＂, ＂source＂, and ＂sink＂, material cycle and energy flow in mountains have been discussed. Thirdly, according to dissipative structure theory and thermodynamic laws, a hypothesis has been proposed that ＂entropy flow＂ is a dynamic force for settlement evolution. Finally, it is argued that a project for soil conservation is set to control and utilize flows so rural settlements can be supported and farmers＇ life improved.

Evaluation on Heavy Metal Content in Soil of Rural Landfill in Chongqing

To understand heavy metal content in soil of rural landfill in Chongqing, samples were collected at 10 sampling sites of different counties. Zn, Cr, Cu, Cd and Pb contents were analyzed, and their pollution degrees were evaluated by single-factor evaluation and index of geoaccumulation. Results displayed that there was no Cr pollution in soil of rural landfill in Chongqing, but Cd pollution was very serious. Pb, Zn and Cu showed spatial difference in different counties. Dispersion degrees of Zn and Pb pollution were lower, and their pollution degrees were also relatively lower. Dispersion degree of Cu pollution was higher, and its pollution degree was also relatively higher.

Soil quality and sustainable land use in urban-rural marginal area: a case study of Kaifeng

By using the basic theories of physical geography, land resources and ecology, this article analyzes the soil quality of the rural-urban marginal area in Kaifeng. Computer techniques, based on soil samples analysis, are used to study soil quality changes in the Kaifeng’s rural-urban marginal area. While focusing on nutrient circle key links of input and output in soil, relying on numerous practical survey data, this article reveals clearly the impact of land use change on soil quality.

Effects of land use change on the spatiotemporal variability of soil organic carbon in an urban-rural ecotone of Beijing,China

Understanding the effects of land use changes on the spatiotemporal variation of soil organic carbon （SOC） can provide guidance for low carbon and sustainable agriculture. In this paper, based on the large-scale datasets of soil surveys in 1982 and 2009 for Pinggu District -- an urban-rural ecotone of Beijing, China, the effects of land use and land use changes on both temporal variation and spatial variation of SOC were analyzed. Results showed that from 1982 to 2009 in Pinggu District, the following land use change mainly occurred： Grain cropland converted to orchard or vegetable land, and grassland converted to forestland. The SOC content decreased in region where the land use type changed to grain cropland （e.g., vegetable land to grain cropland decreased by 0.7 g kg-1; orchard to grain cropland decreased by 0.2 g kg-l）. In contrast, the SOC content increased in region where the land use type changed to either orchard （excluding forestland） or forestland （e.g., grain cropland to orchard and forestland increased by 2.7 and 2.4 g kg-1, respectively; grassland to orchard and forestland increased by 4.8 and 4.9 g kg-1, respectively）. The organic carbon accumulation capacity per unit mass of the soil increased in the following order： grain cropland soil〈vegetable land/grassland soil〈orchard soil〈forestland soil. Therefore, to both secure supply of agricultural products and develop low carbon agriculture in a modern city, orchard has proven to be a good choice for land using.

Impact of Soil Erosion on Rural Poverty

This article gives an overview of the general situation and regional differences of rural poverty in China, and points out that in the rural areas of central and western regions with serious soil erosion, the poverty is particularly prominent. Based on previous studies, we take agricultural GDP as the dependent variable, farmland area, agricultural labor, agricultural capital stock, irrigation area, and consumption of chemical fertilizer as the independent variables, to establish the C-D production function reflecting impact of soil erosion on rural poverty for regression analysis. The results show that farmland, labor, capital, irrigation, chemical fertilizer and other production factors have a positive effect on agricultural GDP; soil erosion has a significant negative effect on agricultural production; in western China, the total factor productivity is the lowest and soil erosion is the most serious. In order to resolve the dilemma of soil erosion and rural poverty, it is necessary to change the extensive mode of agricultural development, protect the ecological environment, and take the road of intensive development of agroecology.

东北黑土区农村宅基地功能转型特征与机制研究——以海伦市长华村为例

研究目的:揭示东北黑土区村域尺度农村宅基地功能转型特征与驱动机制,探寻“三权分置”制度框架下宅基地的活化利用与有效管理对策。研究方法:实地调查法和案例研究法。研究结果:(1)东北黑土区内农村宅基地的居住功能弱化,农业生产功能增强,宅基地功能由居住功能主导向居住、生产二元复合功能或农业生产功能为主导转变;(2)村域尺度内,农村宅基地功能转型的阶段特征明显,空间上表现为与中心村的距离越远,宅基地功能转型程度越剧烈;(3)在城镇化等外缘要素的影响下,乡村地域系统内人口和产业的变化共同驱动农村宅基地功能转型;(4)农村宅基地“三权分置”的制度框架下,结合农村宅基地功能组合和利用状态,引导农户选择适宜的宅基地利用方式,有利于促进宅基地利用效率提升。研究结论:东北黑土区农村宅基地功能正在经历转型过程,应根据宅基地功能转型阶段特征,深化农村宅基地“三权分置”改革,筛选适宜的宅基地利用与管理方式。

Contribution of Asian dust to soils in Southeast China estimated with Nd and Pb isotopic compositions

Asian dust has been identified in subtropical soils of China.Neodymium(Nd)and lead(Pb)elemental and isotopic geochemistry of soils in Southeast China were used to assess the significance of local versus extraneous sources.The εNd(0)values were close to the parent rocks(+2.9)in the young soils(NSJ);while their values were always negative(〜—3.7)in the old soils(OMJ),implying dust deposition.The young soils contained less Asian dust contribution(<8%)while the old soils contained more than 50%Asian dust contribution.This implied that dust contributions were gradually increasing with the soil development stage and Asian dust input had become the principal Nd source for the old soils in this area.On the other hand,Pb excesses and low 207Pb/206Pb values(〜0.8503)in near-surface soils indicated a significant anthropogenic Pb addition onto surface soils.The close relationship between the Pb content and isotopic ratios in the soil profile indicated that the excessive lead in the surface soil was exogenous.These results suggested that Asian dust made up a significant fraction in the old soils,but that local sources(i.e.,basalt and anthropogenic)were not trivial in Southeast China.

乡村水泥路面拼接窄长加宽板受力特性分析

福建省农村公路水泥路面多为4.5m×5m的单板单车道,随着交通量的增加,多加宽2m成为双车道。建立有限元模型,研究新旧板缝间摩擦系数、拉杆间距、土基模量等参数下水泥板加宽2m前后的受力变化,发现新旧路基模量差对板底拉应力影响最大,拉杆间距影响不大,但对板缝两侧弯沉差影响最大。

农村土壤污染修复基金机制建构研究

在经济高速发展背景下,生态环境问题不断涌现,其中农村土壤污染问题在“三农”发展中亟须解决。在概述农村土壤污染类型的基础上,结合美国、日本这两个国家的土壤污染社会化救济经验,提出了我国农村土壤污染修复基金建构路径,为农村地区长久发展提供制度建设,实现乡村振兴伟大战略。

城乡梯度3种林分类型土壤酶活性及影响因素

以广州市城区、近郊和乡村森林土壤为研究对象,探讨马尾松林、针阔混交林和常绿阔叶林土壤酶活性特征及其与理化性质和重金属之间的关系。结果表明:马尾松林土壤酸性磷酸酶(AP)、脲酶(URE)活性以及针阔混交林土壤过氧化氢酶(CAT)、URE、脱氢酶(DH)活性均为近郊>乡村>城区,而常绿阔叶林土壤AP、URE、DH活性为近郊>城区>乡村。城区、近郊针阔混交林土壤pH值、砂粒含量均显著高于马尾松林和常绿阔叶林(P<0.05);土壤有机质(SOM)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)含量均为马尾松林<针阔混交林<常绿阔叶林;乡村针阔混交林土壤SOM含量、阳离子交换量(CEC)、黏粒含量、粉粒含量、含水率在3种林分中均最低。城区马尾松林土壤重金属铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)含量在3种林分间均最低,而镉(Cd)含量在3种林分间相同;近郊、乡村常绿阔叶林土壤重金属Zn、Pb含量在3种林分中均最高。土壤含水率、SOM含量、pH值、CEC、Cu含量、黏粒含量、TN含量是土壤酶活性的主要影响因子。相关性分析表明,土壤SOM、TN含量与土壤CAT、AP活性呈显著正相关(P<0.05);土壤TP含量与土壤AP、URE活性呈显著正相关(P<0.05);土壤含水率与土壤DH活性呈显著正相关(P<0.05);而土壤Cu含量与URE活性呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。

“双碳”目标及乡村振兴背景下我国耕地土壤固碳减排的实现路径

通过构建新形势下实现耕地土壤固碳减排的理论分析框架,解析了限制我国耕地土壤固碳减排发展的问题,提出了耕地土壤固碳减排的实现路径。新形势下推进耕地土壤固碳减排,必须坚持保障粮食安全的底线,找准“双碳”工作中农业农村的减排固碳定位,重点是降低单位农产品排放强度,提升固碳能力,推动形成低碳绿色的生产生活方式。推进耕地固碳减排的基本方向是:以推进乡村产业振兴和生态振兴为重要实现路径,推动耕地土壤固碳减排与乡村生态低碳产业发展深度融合,以高标准农田建设、黑土地保护、有机质提升等作为质量支撑保障,以有机循环农业、农业废弃物资源化利用等作为低碳产业支撑保障,健全绿色生态补偿和碳排放市场交易,推动耕地土壤碳汇价值实现,实现粮食保供、农业农村固碳减排、耕地资源可持续利用、农民增收等多目标共赢。

2017-2020年抚顺市农村土壤卫生监测结果分析及评价

目的了解2017-2020年抚顺市农村土壤卫生状况,为制定相关政策和评估土壤风险,提供具体的数据。方法监测分析2017年至2020年抚顺市农村土壤卫生的具体数据。随机选择20个监测点进行土壤监测,测定土壤中寄生虫、重金属等相关指标的含量。结果大窝棚村2020年铅含量达到645 mg/kg;中心屯村铅含量达到2035 mg/kg,镉含量达到1.22 mg/kg,其余各项指标均未超标。结论2017-2020年抚顺市农村土壤卫生状况整体良好,但是个别年份个别区域也有超标情况,须持续加强监测,防患于未然。

农村土地污染及土壤环境保护方式探讨

随着社会经济的发展,人们的生活水平逐渐提高,物质条件越来越丰富,但由于环保意识的缺乏,污染问题日益严峻,再加上我国农村环境相关环保部门治理措施不当,我国农村环境受到了严重影响。农村土地密切关系着人们的生活起居,农村土地污染是政府部门首要治理问题。基于此,调查农村土地污染相关问题,并根据科学手段对土壤保护提出切实可行的保护措施。

通州区马驹桥镇非道路用地条件下农村等外公路提升建设的新思路

随着通州区马驹桥镇社会经济的高速发展,道路交通出行的需求日益增加,然而现有道路不能满足交通需求,亟须对道路交通进行改造升级。论文对通州区马驹桥镇农村等外公路提升建设项目进行详细阐述,通过固化土路面的建设,有效解决了在非道路用地条件下对农村等外公路的提升改造。

新农科背景下土壤肥料学课程教学体系探索与改革

乡村振兴战略的提出对园艺专业的人才培养目标提出更高的要求。在新农科背景下,土壤肥料学课程必须紧紧围绕立德树人的根本任务开展相关教学。该文旨在分析当前该课程存在的问题,并基于OBE教学理念积极对其教学体系进行探索与改革,培养园艺专业学生成为以强农兴农为己任,具有“懂农业、爱农村、爱农民”的“三农”情怀的新时代创新型人才。

肥城市水土保持助力乡村振兴的经验做法

近年来,在水土保持工程建设中,肥城市将水土保持与乡村振兴紧密结合,积极探索出“政府主导,部门联动,社会参与,全员共建”的工作思路,取得了显著成效,为类似项目提供了可借鉴可复制的宝贵经验。

乡村基础设施建设后扰动土地生态修复的几点建议

从生态学角度上看,完好的乡村生态系统是由资源、环境、经济、和社会等子系统构成的复杂的生态系统,随着巩固脱贫攻坚成果的深入,加快乡村振兴建设的步伐,改善乡村基础设施建设的加快,特别是乡村交通、厂矿的建设,乡村生态环境的问题与乡村振兴建设相伴而生,特别是生态环境特别脆弱的地区,为了新建一条通组路或者一座灌溉水库,为降低成本,一路“开天窗”,以牺牲环境为代价,通过2018-2020年驻村轮战时参与协调和处理因基础设施建设而造成的生态环境破坏和损失的纠纷调查研究,为了更好的保护环境,让我们有一个良好的生活环境,也为今后的乡村振兴建设提供参考。

湘西北地区油菜施肥管理技术研究

该研究深入探讨油菜种植对土壤肥力的影响及相关的解决方案。研究表明,油菜的种植能够显著提高土壤速效氮和有机质含量,但随着种植年限的延长,作物对土壤养分的吸收能力逐渐减弱,导致土壤有效磷含量下降,土壤pH升高,进而影响土壤的肥力水平。针对这一问题,通过优化肥料管理方案可以有效改善土壤肥力,提高油菜的单产水平。近年来的研究表明,科学施肥、循环利用农业废弃物和有机肥料等措施,能够有效提高土壤养分含量和生物活性,为油菜生长提供更为有利的生态环境。该研究旨在通过深入探究油菜生长发育的规律和土壤养分变化趋势,制定适合当地土壤和气候条件的施肥策略,以实现油菜高产、优质的目标。通过提高油菜的经济效益、社会效益、生态效益,不仅可以增加农民的收入,还能够改善当地的农村经济结构,促进农村社会稳定和可持续发展。

乡村幼儿园教师学习力提升的困境及策略:基于辽宁省5县的调查

为了解乡村幼儿园教师学习力现状,分析当前乡村幼儿园教师学习力的现实困境,采用随机抽样方法对代表辽宁省不同经济发展水平的5个县域共1049名幼儿园教师发放自编问卷展开调查。结果发现,当前乡村幼儿园教师学习力在整体上处于中等水平,且不同职务和不同教龄的教师得分存在显著差异。各维度得分由高至低依次是学习互惠力、学习转化力、学习动力和学习反思力;而在这四个维度上,不同年龄、职务、教龄和婚姻状况的乡村幼儿园教师得分存在显著差异。据此,讨论并分析制约乡村幼儿园教师学习力发展的原因,并提出如下提升策略:调动学习主动性,践行终身学习理念;针对职业生涯阶段,抓住教师发展关键期;扩充学习资源,满足教师学习需求;增加培训机会,在实践中积累经验;利用乡村资源,激发教师乡土情怀。