A Historical Review of the Development of Women’s Higher Education in China (1908-2020): Stages, Explanations, and Trends

The development of women’s higher education in China can be divided into four stages:emergence(1908-1948);foundation(1949-1976);accelerating development(1977-2008);and the qualitative leap(2009-2020).This work considers the principal institutional mechanisms that contributed to this development.First,flexibly planned parenthood gradually promoted gender equality and openness in society facilitated by systematic“awards,grants,and loans”initiatives to support women’s higher education economically.Second,compulsory education ensured that left-out and migrant children had access to higher education.Third,effective connectivity across different education types bridged education gaps between those with different levels of education.Fourth,China made great efforts to invite and integrate international experiences that promoted the development of women’s higher education.Looking beyond these achievements,we also discuss the future trends of women’s higher education in China.

Report on the Educational Process for the Promotion of Health of Women Attended in a Reference Center of Social Assistance

This article discusses one experienced by students and preceptors of Programs Pro-Pet-Health and Health of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte/Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairí in the Reference Center for Social Assistance (CRAS) in the municipality of experience Santa Cruz/RN, with a view to the relationship between preventive health activities and social assistance. The proposed work of Pro-Pet in the assistance unit sought to unravel the lifestyle of the target audience in order to know the risk factors and suggest the adoption of health measures for disease prevention. Work to guide the educational process for health promotion with socioeconomic and cultural contextualization built on scientific papers surveyed in Lilacs and Scielo data was used. On average, 12 women aged between 35 and 60 years participated in the group. Eight group sessions occurred in the period from March to May 2014. Regarding work methodologies, we used dynamic integration and self-knowledge;dialogued lectures;lectures;reports of experiences;thematic workshops;educational videos;wheels conversation complemented by the use of texts and poems;as well as application of the checklist in conducting health and anthropometry. The experience helped identify the characteristics of the group and plan understandable and meaningful guidance for women, facilitating the understanding of the importance of self-care in preventing disease.

The Rise of Women’s Education and the Modernity of East Asia:Focusing on the Education of“Virtuous Wives and Worthy Mothers”in China and Japan

This year marks the 50th anniversary of the normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan.Looking back on the past and forward to the future,we realize modernity has become a critical issue that not only China and Japan,but the whole East Asian region should pay attention to.China and Japan are both within the“Circle of Confucius Culture”and are both modern latecomer countries.As they were coerced by western countries to enter the modern age,they shared multiple common features.An exploration of the two countries’respective rising of modern women’s education is an important path to discuss the reconstruction of gender and an important method of the course of the embodiment of east-Asian women into modernization drives.With regards to conclusion,entering the modern age,Chinese and Japanese intellectuals reshaped the female gender in terms of interpersonal relationship,value system,and knowledge structure by advocating the idea of“virtuous wives and worthy mothers”education.In the concept of virtuous wives and worthy mothers in East Asia,the Confucian ethics of“docility and virtue”is the soul,and modern scientific knowledge serves this core value.On the other hand,in the course of localization in China and Japan,this imported concept from the West has encountered a completely different historical fate.

Women and the Transnational Dynamics of Science Education in Early Twentieth Century China:A Quiet Revolution

This article explores both the personal and transnational dimensions of domestic science education and study abroad for the pioneering generation of Chinese women in science.By focusing on women’s unique calculus of risk and reward,the article not only distinguishes Chinese women’s experiences from those of their male counterparts but also delineates the special contours of the Chinese case within the global advancement of women in science.The article begins by outlining some of the features and dynamics of early Chinese girls’schools that affected students’interest in and preparation for further scientific study.Then it traces the emerging college-level opportunities that made it possible for women who were studying science in China to contemplate advanced work overseas.Turning to study abroad,the article highlights the radicalness of the decision to study abroad by examining the impact of both family background and national circumstances on Chinese women’s strategies of mobility.The article argues that if we are to take women’s experiences seriously,we cannot just look at scientific pursuits in terms of achievements in the development of Chinese science,we also need to consider the ways that·scientific ambitions forced individuals—both male and female—to navigate and reimagine multiple social norms and expectations.

Analyzing the Influences on Women’s Upbringing and Their Educational Significance Using the Case of Estella,the Heroine of Great Expectations

This paper explores the influences on women’s upbringing and their educational significance by using the character Estella from Great Expectations as a case study.Through analyzing the impact of social environment,family education,and self-awakening,this article aims to promote gender equality and the construction of a feminist cognitive community.It delves into the class divisions of 19th-century England,the manipulative family education imposed on Estella by Miss Havisham,and Estella’s journey towards self-consciousness after her foster mother’s death.The study highlights the challenges faced by women in societal constraints,family expectations,and the importance of self-discovery in overcoming these limitations.

Failure of a “Modern” Education: Mansfield Park as a Case Study

This paper explores the moral anarchy caused by the failed education in Mansfield Park, and demonstrates the insufficiency of mere intellectual education and the absolute necessity of moral education in the formation of a mature and responsible character.

Women’s Social Roles and Peace Building in Al-Abassiya Locality:2012-2024

This research focused on the social roles of women in Al-Abassiya locality,South Kordofan State,examining the obstacles they face and the impact on their participation in peace building.Using qualitative methods,data were collected through various means,revealing that conflicts have significantly affected women’s lives,particularly in rural areas.Women play key roles in family,education,health services,and humanitarian aid,but their involvement in conflict resolution and peace building activities is limited.Obstacles include cognitive,economic,social,and institutional barriers.Recommendations include providing education and training programs,strengthening economic status,ensuring women’s representation in decision-making bodies,advocating for legal reforms promoting gender equality,improving access to information technologies,educating communities on women’s involvement in peace building,and providing support services for women affected by conflicts.

Rural Women's Aspirations through Art Work

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The Efficient Ways to Develop English Teaching in Rural Middle School

The thesis aims to find ways to improve rural English teaching in the China,which is marginalized in the Profession of English language teaching.By researching it reaches the conclusion that teacher education is the key to develop rural ELT in China. To educate rural English teachers is a demanding but rewarding job. The author believes that this paper will be of help to the exploration of rural English teacher education in the context of curriculum reform.

Gender and rural transformation:A systematic literature review

Rural transformation can improve poverty reduction,living standards,and health outcomes in developing countries.However,impacts associated with rural transformation vary by region,household,and individual trait(including gender).While research on rural transformation has been increasing over the last decade,there has been no comprehensive review conducted on the relationships between gender and rural transformation.Here,we conduct a systematic literature review to investigate the impacts of rural transformation on gender and the influence of gender inclusiveness on rural transformation.We reviewed 82 studies from 1960-2021 that explore the relationships between rural transformation and gender.We then developed a framework that captures incidences and flow directions between indicators.Results show that most studies examined the impacts of rural transformation on women and between gender indicators.Few investigated the role of women and the influence of gender inclusiveness on rural transformation.Overall,studies showed that rural transformation typically leads to positive outcomes for women regarding employment,income,and empowerment.However,negative impacts on women’s control over income,stability of new income sources,and access to healthy food are also common.Tailoring future development policies and programs to explicitly account for gender inclusiveness can lead to more successful rural transformation.

以乡村美育推动农村妇女参与乡村文化振兴——以江苏省S村的社会工作服务为例

广大妇女在当下的乡村生活中扮演着日益重要的社会角色。她们大多接受过良好的公共教育,身心健康,具有参与公共生活的意愿和能力;但却往往由于各种原因被囿于家庭空间中,日常活动也往往局限于对老人、孩子和家庭事务的照料。通过发掘中青年妇女的社会需求和行动优势,以“乡村美育”为主题,在江苏省S村开展“感知美、欣赏美、创造美”等系列社会工作服务,让基层妇女能够以互相分享、共同协作的方式来培育乡村社会生活的美好和温情。建议基层政府、乡村共同体和村委会进一步增强对乡村妇女的价值认可和资源支持,整合多方力量共同推动妇女和乡村社会的共同发展与相互增益。

Facilitators and Constraints:Perceptions of Gender Differences on Women’s Career Advancement

The underrepresentation in top management positions has made women’s status in the hospitality industry a great concern.The study examined hospitality students’,educators’,and industry recruiters’perceptions of facilitators and constraints on women’s career advancement and identified if there were any significant differences among them.Data were collected through an online survey.Perceptions of gender differences of facilitators and constraints in women’s career advancement and gender issues were analyzed within the three groups(students,educators,and recruiters).Results revealed significant gender differences between male and female educators and recruiters.The findings suggested that hospitality education should make a contribution and reveal barriers and gender issues in the industry.

Korean New Women： Korean New Women＇s Fluctuation in International and Korean Contexts

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, ＂New Woman＂ was an international phenomenon. Although various national contexts contributed many different shades of meaning to the concept of ＂New Woman＂ in each country, New Women across the world shared common ground. In the 1920s, when American New Women experimented with their new identity, New Women in Korea also discovered a new sense of selfhood and confidence to make inroads into public spheres. Under Japan＇s colonial rule （1910-1945）, Korean women, valued as a national hidden reservoir, gained access to education and made attempts to remove traditional constraints. Despite different situations surrounding Korean and American New Women, their recognition, pursuit, and places in history echoed one another＇s. The bold and innovative nature of Korean New Women has attracted much academic as well as public attention. Most of the rich body of scholarship on this topic focuses on famous figures whose flamboyant defiance met a tragic end or on the sacrifices and failures of New Women＇s pursuit in confronting nationalism. The nation is an important and useful framework in history, but additional factors should be considered for a better understanding of New Women. Not only does this paper consider national context, it also pays much needed attention to an international connection in women＇s history.

农村妇女预防HIV/AIDS健康教育近期效果评估

目的:评估河北省迁西县农村地区妇女预防HIV/AIDS健康教育干预的近期效果。方法:采用定性与定量调查相结合的方法对比干预前后农村妇女获得HIV/AIDS防治知识的途径、防治知识知晓率及相关态度和意愿,分析评价干预效果。结果:终末调查时干预组和对照组听周围人介绍HIV/AIDS知识的比例分别为54.58%和23.85%(P<0.05)。干预组知晓预防艾滋病母婴传播(PMTCT)的比例上升19.58个百分点(P<0.05),知晓蚊虫叮咬和共用马桶不会传播的比例分别升高42.09和29.17个百分点(P<0.05),知晓"四免一关怀"政策的比例上升了49.16个百分点(P<0.05),较对照组上升幅度更大。结论:农村妇女预防HIV/AIDS健康教育有效,同伴教育是农村预防HIV/AIDS的一种适宜健康教育方式。

基于DVB-S的汉维哈Linux远程教育支撑平台设计

基于新疆维吾尔自治区农村党员干部现代远程教育工程的前期研究成果,针对工程实施中硬件更新、系统效率、平台易用性等需求,提出通过研究最新内核的Linux操作系统完善远程教育各项功能的解决思路。首先研究适用于最新软硬件架构的远程教育支撑平台构建过程及功能设计,然后进行汉维哈DVB-S数据动态智能解析技术、汉维哈双语本地化技术研究,最后进行硬件兼容性测试。研究结果表明,支撑平台性能得以提升,兼容性良好,同时解决了汉维哈卫星资源自动识别与解析的问题,实现了汉维、汉哈2种语言同时显示的Linux操作系统。该研究对推动我国信息技术自主创新能力的提高和新疆地区信息产业的多元化发展具有重要意义。

学校变革新模式:从U-G-S到U-G-S-S

学校变革是教育改革的突破口与落脚点。大学与中小学在政府的支持保障或促成下进行合作的U-G-S模式具有重要意义,然而其局限也很明显:投入多、见效慢,理论研究者与实践者交流不畅。U-GS-S模式承继了U-G-S模式的优势,并进行了突破:强调参与学校变革行动的中小学的数量为两所及以上,且学校教育质量是异质的,既有城市优质学校,也有城郊薄弱学校或乡村学校; U-G-S-S四方主体平等互动、各司其职。个案研究表明,U-G-S-S模式可以通过制度建构、任务驱动和文化营造促进各参与学校的整体发展,促进城乡义务教育均衡发展。U-G-S-S模式成功的三个主要要素:文化异质交融、知识多维共享、理论实践有机结合。

U-G-S合作促进农村学校英语教育发展--基于XM市X区的个案调查

大学、政府和学校共同构建合作机制扶持农村学校英语教育,促进义务教育城乡均衡发展,体现教育公平,是建设教育强国的重要工作举措。应当发挥大学的理论引领作用、政府的统筹协调作用、学校的主导和实践基地作用,三者平等对话、共同参与、有效协商、合作共赢。实地调研和访谈发现,该机制促进农村学校英语教育发展,大学在其中发挥引领作用且得到高度认可,政府提供不可或缺的统筹指导和有效参与,最终缩小英语义务教育的城乡差距。

U-G-S协同机制下地方师范院校培养农村基础教育师资模式探索与实践

农村基础教育是师范大学特别是地方师范院校存在和发展的依据,本文依托'U-G-S'教师教育模式,以玉林师范学院为例,探索与实践地方师范院校与地方教育行政部门、中小学在培养职前与职后农村基础教育师资模式合作模式,为我国构建教师教育体系开辟新的实践范式。

以妇女儿童为主体 发挥妇联网络优势开展HIV/AIDS预防教育与关怀活动

以妇女儿童为主体,发挥妇联网络优势,与联合国儿基会合作通过层层培训及大众传媒,深入开展了艾滋病预防知识宣传培训的社会动员工作,包括培养骨干,将宣传材料翻译成11种少数民族文字,利用各种途径传播相关知识,开展针对辍学女童等不同人群为目标人群的HIV/AIDS预防教育培训。通过以上措施,提高了广大妇女儿童有关预防和控制HIV/AIDS知识。