Are gender inclusiveness and rural transformation interlinked?The case of Bangladesh

Gender inclusiveness is important in the rural transformation process of Bangladesh as rural women play key roles in both agricultural and non-agricultural sectors.Gender inclusiveness also leads to gender equity.We empirically evaluate relationships between rural transformation and gender inclusiveness in Bangladesh.We consider three rural transformation indicators:high-value commodities’share in agricultural output values,non-farm employment’s share in rural labor employment,and non-agricultural GDP’s share in total GDP.Indicators capturing gender inclusiveness include the per capita rural income of males and females,ratio of investments into gender programs,female access to education,access to healthcare,employment participation,land ownership,and asset ownership.We test the effect of the difference in per capita rural income of males and females and the ratio of their incomes and check for the robustness of the gender variables across different model specifications.Analyzing 128 district-level observations from 32 districts of Bangladesh across four time periods(2000,2005,2010 and 2016),we use both ordinary least squares and fixed effects panel regression models.We find that female land and asset ownership and access to education and healthcare are robust determinants of various stages of rural transformation.Thus,our results suggest that improving women’s ownership of land and assets and investing in women’s education and healthcare will likely contribute to a more inclusive rural transformation.

Women’s Social Roles and Peace Building in Al-Abassiya Locality:2012-2024

This research focused on the social roles of women in Al-Abassiya locality,South Kordofan State,examining the obstacles they face and the impact on their participation in peace building.Using qualitative methods,data were collected through various means,revealing that conflicts have significantly affected women’s lives,particularly in rural areas.Women play key roles in family,education,health services,and humanitarian aid,but their involvement in conflict resolution and peace building activities is limited.Obstacles include cognitive,economic,social,and institutional barriers.Recommendations include providing education and training programs,strengthening economic status,ensuring women’s representation in decision-making bodies,advocating for legal reforms promoting gender equality,improving access to information technologies,educating communities on women’s involvement in peace building,and providing support services for women affected by conflicts.

Gender and rural transformation:A systematic literature review

Rural transformation can improve poverty reduction,living standards,and health outcomes in developing countries.However,impacts associated with rural transformation vary by region,household,and individual trait(including gender).While research on rural transformation has been increasing over the last decade,there has been no comprehensive review conducted on the relationships between gender and rural transformation.Here,we conduct a systematic literature review to investigate the impacts of rural transformation on gender and the influence of gender inclusiveness on rural transformation.We reviewed 82 studies from 1960-2021 that explore the relationships between rural transformation and gender.We then developed a framework that captures incidences and flow directions between indicators.Results show that most studies examined the impacts of rural transformation on women and between gender indicators.Few investigated the role of women and the influence of gender inclusiveness on rural transformation.Overall,studies showed that rural transformation typically leads to positive outcomes for women regarding employment,income,and empowerment.However,negative impacts on women’s control over income,stability of new income sources,and access to healthy food are also common.Tailoring future development policies and programs to explicitly account for gender inclusiveness can lead to more successful rural transformation.

Structural Gender Inequality and Mental Health among Chinese Men and Women

Little is known about the association between structural gender inequality and health in patriarchal China.This study employed a sample from the Chinese Women’s Social Status,consisting of 26,139 participants aged 18 and 70 years(13,494 women and 12,645 men).Structural gender inequality was assessed at the macro-,meso-,and micro-levels.Mental health was measured by the summed scores of eight questions on depressive symptoms.Multilevel linear regression was applied for analysis.Results showed that total sex ratio at birth was associated with poorer mental health among women and men but sex ratio at birth of the second-born child predicted better mental health.Gender inequality at meso-level resulted in poorer mental health and gender inequality at micro-level was associated with poorer mental health both for men and women.Eliminating structural gender inequality promotes populations’mental health in China.

The Rise of China’s Women’s Basketball Team:An Exploration of Gender Equality in Professional Basketball

This article explores the rise of the Chinese women’s basketball team in professional basketball and its relationship to gender equality issues.In view of the gender differences in salary,market value,social status,and other aspects,the article proposes a series of strategies to promote the realization of gender equality for female basketball players in professional basketball.This article points out that the rise of the Chinese women’s basketball team will lead the process of gender equality and lay the foundation for a more equitable and inclusive future.To achieve this goal,this article highlights the importance of improving the competitive level of female athletes,improving basic education,promoting basketball culture,and promoting gender equality.

Women Awareness on the Importance of Agriculture Technologies Using ICT-Based Training Programs

Awareness policy intended to contribute to changing rural women realities to urgent needs of information and gain knowledge was to be demonstrated through in-depth information and communication technology-based(ICTs-based)training program that focused on the importance of advanced agricultural technologies in the production chain in developing countries like Egypt through access and use of the ICTs.Women are becoming well trained on the detailed steps of improved technologies applied in supply chain.Their increased awareness of the necessity of quality management to be followed during their work in the postharvest handling system helped them to produce high-quality products to meet the export requirements of foreign markets and add value to the export quality.Women have been able to reduce the extremely high losses that occurred due to improper handling in particular.The outcomes of proper and healthy procedures,precautions and personal protection were gained by rural women and technicians working in the supply chain.Moreover,women themselves became more confident in their know-how and more comfortable in transgressing cultural norms that inhibited their progress.

易地迁建中“大娘”的性别身份与生计重构——以黄河滩S安置社区农村老年妇女的经济实践策略为例

黄河滩区迁建等移民搬迁民生工程能有效帮助群众走出发展的困境,但移民安置后面临的生计冲击亦不容小觑。学界对移民搬迁后的生计状况及政策支持已作出详尽的探讨,然而相关研究往往缺乏性别研究的视角,也较少考察移民如何发挥自身能动性来应对生计的变化和重构日常生活。以黄河滩区居民迁建项目作为背景,聚焦鲁西北S外迁安置社区老年妇女这一常被认为处于弱势地位的群体,分析她们如何运用各种性别化策略应对安置后生计危机的。研究发现,一方面,在移民安置后的日常生活实践中,农村老年妇女既会通过展演“弱势的女性气质”与基层干部进行利益协商,也会及时切换自身性别角色,成为重建家庭生活的主导者;但另一方面,受制于“贤妻良母”、隔代抚养“代母职”等性别身份想象,她们只能在繁重的家务和看护劳动的缝隙打着各式零工帮补家计。通过照见农村老年妇女应对生活困难的非凡韧性,不仅可呈现出移民安置这一特定情境下女性主体性的具体实践经验,还可勾勒出移民搬迁中性别身份认同与经济实践相互作用的复杂路径。

Being a Woman in the 1950s and the 1960s:Women and Everyday Life in Ginger and Rosa

The present study aims to focus on the relationship between gender and everyday life and reflect on the meanings of being a woman in the 1950s and the 1960s over Sally Potter’s film Ginger and Rosa(2012a).The 1950s and the 1960s are marked with significant changes and transformations in terms of the social statuses and everyday lives of women in many countries all around the world.Women began to question their gendered roles and performances,resist“doing gender”and speak out“the problem that has no name”in these years,which would then evolve into the second-wave feminist movement—a significant historical period in women’s history.Therefore,an analysis of this specific period is considered significant to understand the relationship between gender and everyday life.Thus,the present study first addresses the relationship between gender and everyday life in general terms,discussing the social construction of gender and how we are taught to do gender through socialization.Then,it examines women’s practices,performances,relationships,conflicts,and resistances in their everyday lives throughout the 1950s and the 1960s over the film Ginger and Rosa.Considering the historical,social,and political developments at the time,this study tries to explore significant issues within feminist studies such as the relationship between mothers and daughters,and female friendship/sisterhood through the characters in the film,and comprehend what it meant to be a young girl,a woman,a wife,and a mother in both private and public spheres in these years based upon the director’s own experiences and memories.

Identifying the Cultural Shifts and Societal Changes That Facilitated the Rise in Box Office Performance of Chinese Women’s Cinema in the 21st Century

With the gradual improvement of Chinese women’s status in the 21st century,gender studies and gender relations have become one of the hottest topics in Chinese society,which consequently prompted Chinese Women’s Cinema to attract the attention of larger audiences.With regard to the box office performance of Chinese Women’s Cinema,there seems to be a gap in research in finding an association between women’s status and the relevant films’box office performance.The purpose of this research is to outline the underlying reasons for the changes in gender roles and gender representation in the Chinese film industry over the past few decades in order to better understand this expansive social change in the 21st century.This study provides a comprehensive analysis through the use of questionnaires to better understand society’s attitude towards gender representation within the film industry.The questionnaire findings indicate that there is a direct correlation between people’s awareness of women’s changing status and gender equality and their acceptance of materials produced by Chinese Women’s Cinema.At the some time,it highlights that the Chinese government’s support and initiatives for gender equality have had a significant impact on the general popularity of Chinese Women’s Cinema.The significance of this research is to effectively popularize Chinese Women’s Cinema culture and the box office growth by understanding the social attitude towards gender representation in the Chinese film industry and to provide relevant information about the development direction and trend of Chinese Women’s Cinema.Furthermore,this research aims to provide foundational support for gender equality and help to understand the underlying factors that society needs to promote gender equality.

Women in a Urban Zone Experience Against Covid

The two-year follow-up as participating observer at the Urban Zone training group and WhatsApp related platform,took place in Roseto degli Abruzzi-a small seaside town in Abruzzi,Italy,during the pandemic crisis for Covid-19.This experience has been a way to keep training despite the pandemic confinement,but it has also become a kind of self-help and therapeutic group.The conditions for its implementation are linked to the impossibility of any indoor sports and also the fact that the online lessons were not very successful.Urban Zone is an outdoor activity that can be carried out in the urban context,whose peculiarity is the opening of the gyms training to the urban or natural outdoor space,through wireless headphones(so people could respect the 2-meter social distancing implied in the prevention measures for Covid-19)in which the music and the trainer instruction can be heard.

The Challenges for Women in the Academic Organization

For needed changes to occur, we need to do gender in higher education and tenure differently. The way that tenure is established and reviews for tenure are conducted need to be based more on a system that allows for the development of the whole individual. The future health of academia rests on the development and refinement of a system that creates a healthy environment for all members of that system. All faculty members cannot and should not be held to standards that were created in another time, which constructed the academic role as a gendered role. Individuals need to consider how we do gender, and how that creates an impact on our organization, academia. A process for equitable review of all participants in the system requires that all individuals be involved in the process of defining the standards for a tenurable professor. Then all voices should and must be represented when we construct how we do tenure so that even minority voices still have their chance to speak. There is a better way to perform the roles we take in academia, there is a better way to perform our gender in this setting, and from recognizing this we can then move to a better way to do all this that is academia.

易地搬迁后农村老年妇女的生计困境与社会工作介入方法探讨——以鲁西北黄河滩S安置社区为例

黄河滩区移民搬迁工程能有效帮助群众走出发展的困境,但移民搬迁安置后面临的生计冲击亦不容忽视。以鲁西北黄河滩S安置社区为例,聚焦农村老年妇女这一常被认为处于弱势地位的群体,从社会性别视角分析她们的生计困境并探讨社会工作介入方法。研究发现,农村老年妇女在易地迁建中面临土地资本化、经济参与空间窄化、生活方式城镇化、金钱匮乏感加剧、非农就业与“工作—家庭”关系难平衡等困境。为回应农村老年妇女易地搬迁后独特的生计需要,社会工作者应将社会性别理念融入具体的服务方案与实务方法中,从老年妇女日常生活经验出发,通过长期陪伴式的能力建设,协助农村老年妇女经济增能,增强她们的自养能力和社会参与能力,缓解她们在易地搬迁后面临的生计压力。这将有益于易地搬迁后农村老年妇女平等权利的实现,更好地保障她们搬迁后的生活。

西方女性主义思潮在中国的流变与影响

西方女性主义思潮与女权运动相伴相生,是历史发展的产物,一定程度上反映了西方资产阶级对社会进步和性别平等的推动。同时,这种进步和平等是有限度的,重点突出和维护部分西方女性的利益,具有强调西方女性经验的形而上学性,并表现出非同一般的依附性。20世纪80年代以来,全球化浪潮推动西方女性主义思潮在中国广泛传播、演变,对我国社会产生了双重影响。在我国全面推进中国式现代化道路上,坚持和发展中国特色社会主义妇女理论与实践,必须积极扬弃西方女性主义理论,通过落实国家制度、牢牢掌握舆论主动权和主导权、加强女性学研究、提升女性主体意识等促进性别平等,保障社会主义妇女事业行稳致远,为推动社会关系和谐发展乃至每个人的自由全面发展创造条件。

互联网使用、社会网络与农村女性心理健康——基于CFPS2020数据分析

本文基于2020年中国家庭动态追踪调查(CFPS)中4558条农村女性数据,分析了互联网使用对农村女性心理健康的影响,并检验了家庭网络、社交网络这两种社会网络的中介作用。结果表明,互联网的使用会显著降低农村女性的抑郁程度,即提高其心理健康程度。此外,互联网的使用会通过强化家庭网络和拓宽社交网络提高农村女性的心理健康水平。异质性分析表明,农村女性在线观看视频有利于提高其心理健康水平。基于此,本文提出以下政策建议:推动农村网络基础设施建设提档升级,同时为农村女性提供互联网使用培训和正确引导,在党建引领的乡村格局下借助互联网构建紧密的社交网络,平衡互联网的推广与家庭网络的维系以充分发挥互联网对农村女性心理健康的积极作用。

抗战时期山西妇女教育赋权历程与经验启示

抗战时期,中国共产党以红色革命文化为精神内核和价值支撑,采用学校教育与社会教育相结合的方式对广大山西妇女进行教育赋权,呈现出与民族救亡、革命文化传播、妇女解放、劳动生产相结合的特点,实现了最初的扫盲和政治动员的设想,使广大山西妇女成为支持前线作战和后方建设的重要力量,并完成了对农村社会整体价值观念的改造和重塑。新时代应继续坚持中国共产党领导核心,坚持教育与就业的机会平等与群众路线,为广大妇女特别是乡村女性“赋权增能”。

社会资本视域下农村妇女的组织化与公共参与——以“赣南新妇女”运动为例

农村妇女的组织化与公共参与愈发成为我国乡村治理不可或缺的建设性力量,在“赣南新妇女”运动以及“乡村振兴巾帼建功”等系列行动中获得了高度认可。赣南地区农村妇女对结构型社会资本、关系型社会资本以及认知型社会资本在乡村治理中的运用表现出多层级、流动性和累积性的特点。

数字普惠金融能促进农村女性创业吗?——基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)的实证分析

支持农村女性创业是促进乡村振兴和性别平等的重要途径。当前,数字普惠金融已成为推动金融包容性发展的重要工具,其对农村女性创业的影响值得深入研究。本研究基于北京大学数字普惠金融指数,并结合中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2018年与2020年的数据,分析了数字普惠金融对农村女性创业的影响。研究发现:(1)数字普惠金融能使得农村女性创业可能性提升7.62%;(2)异质性分析显示数字普惠金融缩小了农村女性与男性在创业领域的差距,尤其对东部地区、低教育程度和家庭资产较少的农村女性影响最显著;(3)缓解融资约束和促进线上商业繁荣在数字普惠金融对农村女性创业影响中存在显著的中介效应;(4)数字普惠金融的赋能效应在一定程度上替代了传统社会网络的支持作用,而社会信任水平正向调节数字普惠金融与农村女性创业的正相关关系。因此,应优化数字普惠金融精准服务水平,以支持农村女性创业实践;同时,营造和谐互助的社区环境,提升农村女性对数字普惠金融的认知,增强其参与社会合作的意愿。

民国女性服饰社会性别色彩研究

文章旨在探讨民国时期女性服饰色彩的嬗变及其成因。通过分析民国时期的社会性别色彩理论、服饰色彩变化表征以及社会性别色彩变化的动因,探究了民国女性服饰色彩变化的社会文化意义。研究认为,在民国时期的社会制度、政治经济、思想解放运动等社会因素的影响下,女性的社会性别认同经历了从女性斗争意识的萌芽到极度渴望男女平权、追求男女平等,最后回归到女性的自我认同的转变,这些转变外化体现在女性服饰色彩和形制的变化上。

日常生活变革与大都市郊区乡村妇女公共参与的实现

农村女性突破公私两分的性别区隔,参与乡村公共生活和公共事务的管理,对于实现社会性别平等和乡村发展具有重要意义。大都市郊区乡村中不仅村干部女性化趋势明显,而且普通女性公共参与领域拓展并且有实质提升。基于生活视角研究发现,乡村治理的生活化转向为女性进入村级组织提供了适配可能,乡村公共生活空间的拓展为女性公共参与提供了丰富的场域,在公共参与中,女性实现了自我身份建构和生活意义的再生产。日常生活视角为理解农村女性的公共参与提供了新的启发,需要进一步关注农村女性公共参与实现背后的实质性逻辑,分析女性公共参与的实质效能。