Aldo-keto reductase family member C3(AKR1C3)promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth by producing prostaglandin F2α

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a leading cause of death worldwide.Current therapies are effective for HCC patients with early disease,but many patients suffer recurrence after surgery and have a poor response to chemotherapy.Therefore,new therapeutic targets are needed.We analyzed gene expression profiles between HCC tissues and normal adjacent tissues from public databases and found that the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism was significantly different.The analysis showed that AKR1C3 was upregulated in tumors,and high AKR1C3 expression was associated with a poorer prognosis in HCC patients.In vitro,assays demonstrated that the knockdown of AKR1C3 or the addition of the AKR1C3 inhibitor indomethacin suppressed the growth and colony formation of HCC cell lines.Knockdown of AKR1C3 in Huh7 cells reduced tumor growth in vivo.To explore the mechanism,we performed pathway enrichment analysis,and the results linked the expression of AKR1C3 with prostaglandin F2 alpha(PGF2a)downstream target genes.Suppression of AKR1C3 activity reduced the production of PGF2a,and supplementation with PGF2a restored the growth of indomethacin-treated Huh7 cells.Knockdown of the PGF receptor(PTGFR)and treatment with a PTGFR inhibitor significantly reduced HCC growth.We showed that indomethacin potentiated the sensitivity of Huh7 cells to sorafenib.In summary,our results indicate that AKR1C3 upregulation may promote HCC growth by promoting the production of PGF2α,and suppression of PTGFR limited HCC growth.Therefore,targeting the AKR1C3-PGF2a-PTGFR axis may be a new strategy for the treatment of HCC.

MiRNA-145-5p inhibits gastric cancer progression via the serpin family E member 1-extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 axis

BACKGROUND MicroRNAs(miRNAs)regulate gene expression and play a critical role in cancer physiology.However,there is still a limited understanding of the function and regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in gastric cancer(GC).AIM To investigate the role and molecular mechanism of miRNA-145-5p(miR145-5p)in the progression of GC.METHODS Real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was used to detect miRNA expression in human GC tissues and cells.The ability of cancer cells to migrate and invade was assessed using wound-healing and transwell assays,respectively.Cell proliferation was measured using cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays,and apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry.Expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)-associated protein was determined by Western blot.Targets of miR-145-5p were predicated using bioinformatics analysis and verified using a dual-luciferase reporter system.Serpin family E member 1(SERPINE1)expression in GC tissues and cells was evaluated using RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining.The correlation between SERPINE1 expression and overall patient survival was determined using Kaplan-Meier plot analysis.The association between SERPINE1 and GC progression was also tested.A rescue experiment of SERPINE1 overexpression was conducted to verify the relationship between this protein and miR-145-5p.The mechanism by which miR-145-5p influences GC progression was further explored by assessing tumor formation in nude mice.RESULTS GC tissues and cells had reduced miR-145-5p expression and SERPINE1 was identified as a direct target of this miRNA.Overexpression of miR-145-5p was associated with decreased GC cell proliferation,invasion,migration,and EMT,and these effects were reversed by forcing SERPINE1 expression.Kaplan-Meier plot analysis revealed that patients with higher SERPINE1 expression had a shorter survival rate than those with lower SERPINE1 expression.Nude mouse tumorigenesis experiments confirmed that miR-145-5p targets SERPINE1 to regulate extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2(ERK1/2).CONCLUSION This study found that miR-145-5p inhibits tumor progression and is expressed in lower amounts in patients with GC.MiR-145-5p was found to affect GC cell proliferation,migration,and invasion by negatively regulating SERPINE1 levels and controlling the ERK1/2 pathway.

Depositional model of the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex of the Dengying Formation in the southwestern Sichuan Basin, SW China: Implications for the Ediacaran microbial mound construction and hydrocarbon exploration

Recent advances in hydrocarbon exploration have been made in the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex reservoirs of the Dengying Formation in the western Sichuan Basin, SW China,where the depositional process is regarded confusing. The microfacies, construction types, and depositional model of the Member Deng-2 marginal microbial mound-bank complex have been investigated using unmanned aerial vehicle photography, outcrop section investigation, thin section identification,and seismic reflections in the southwestern Sichuan Basin. The microbialite lithologic textures in this region include thrombolite, dendrolite, stromatolite, fenestral stromatolite, spongiostromata stone,oncolite, aggregated grainstone, and botryoidal grapestone. Based on the comprehensive analysis of“depositional fabrics-lithology-microfacies”, an association between a fore mound, mound framework,and back mound subfacies has been proposed based on water depth, current direction, energy level and lithologic assemblages. The microfacies of the mound base, mound core, mound flank, mound cap, and mound flat could be recognized among the mound framework subfacies. Two construction types of marginal microbial mound-bank complex have been determined based on deposition location, mound scale, migration direction, and sedimentary facies association. Type Jinkouhe microbial mound constructions(TJMMCs) develop along the windward margin owing to their proximity to the seaward subfacies fore mound, with a northeastwardly migrated microbial mound on top of the mud mound,exhibiting the characteristics of large-sized mounds and small-sized banks in the surrounding area. Type E'bian microbial mound constructions(TEMMCs) primarily occur on the leeward margin, resulting from the presence of onshore back mound subfacies, with the smaller southwestward migrated microbial mounds existing on a thicker microbial flat. The platform margin microbial mound depositional model can be correlated with certain lateral comparison profile and seismic reflection structures in the 2D seismic section, which can provide references for future worldwide exploration. Microbial mounds with larger buildups and thicker vertical reservoirs are typically targeted on the windward margin, while small-sized microbial mounds and flats with better lateral connections are typically focused on the leeward margin.

制备条件对Pt-S_2O_8^(2-)/ZrO_2-Al_2O_3异构化催化性能的影响

为了考察复合载体固体超强酸催化剂的异构化性能,以正戊烷异构化为探针反应,考察了焙烧温度、Al2O3质量分数、浸渍溶液(NH4)2S2O8的浓度、Pt质量分数、活化温度等制备条件对Pt-S_2O_8^(2-)/ZrO_2-Al_2O_3异构化催化活性的影响,并采用XRD、BET、FT-IR、TG-DTA、NH3-TPD等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,当Al2O3质量分数2.5%、Pt质量分数0.10%、0.75 mol/L(NH4)2S2O8溶液浸渍、650℃焙烧、300℃活化时,Pt-S_2O_8^(2-)/ZrO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂的异构化催化活性最高。在240℃、2.0 MPa,氢气/正戊烷的摩尔比为4,质量空速为1.0 h-1的反应条件下,该催化剂上正戊烷异构化反应的异戊烷产率为60.2%。

S空位及非金属掺杂单层Bi_(2)S_(2)Se的第一性原理研究

Bi_(2)S_(2)Se是一种新兴的具有优异光电性能的材料,因此受到了广泛的关注.本研究采用第一性原理方法和开源程序,研究了本征单层Bi_(2)S_(2)Se以及掺杂非金属元素X(X=P,Cl,Br和I)和S空位的体系的电子结构和光学特性.计算结果表明,改性后出现了晶格缺陷.含S空位和P、Cl、Br掺杂体系的带隙减少,而I掺杂体系的带隙增加.同时,含S空位和Cl、Br、I掺杂体系的费米能级穿过导带底,而P掺杂体系的费米能级穿过价带顶.所有改性体系在费米能级附近都出现了缺陷能级或杂质能级,表现出较高的可见光吸收能力和散射能力,改性体系的对可见光的吸收能力和散射能力有所增加.

S_2Cl_2异构体最大硬度原理的密度泛函理论研究

在LDA/NL水平研究了最大硬度原理(MHP)在S2Cl2分子旋转异构化过程中的真实性。报告了S2Cl2分子在键的旋转异构化过程形成的各种异构体分子的硬度、化学势和总能量的计算值,并由此得出重要结论:①在分子旋转异构化过程中,硬度最大的分子能量最小,而硬度最小的分子能量最大,用计算的硬度表征S2Cl2异构体的稳定性与计算的总能量表征S2Cl2异构体的稳定性相当吻合,从而使最大硬度原理被进一步证实。②虽然化学势不宜表征异构体的稳定性,但是恒定的化学势是最大硬度原理成立的重要条件。

固体超强酸S_2O_8^(2-)/ZrO_2-NiO催化α-蒎烯合成龙脑

介绍了固体超强酸S_2O_8^(2-)/ZrO_2-NiO催化剂制备方法,并将其用于催化α-蒎烯合成龙脑的酯化-皂化工艺。考察了催化剂焙烧温度、焙烧时间、催化剂用量及原料α-蒎烯与无水草酸摩尔比对龙脑产品收率和组成的影响。结果表明,当催化剂焙烧温度为600℃,焙烧时间为3 h,催化剂用量为α-蒎烯质量的6%,原料α-蒎烯与无水草酸的摩尔比为1:0.2时,龙脑产品收率可达55.81%。产品中正龙脑含量可达77.01%,正、异龙脑的含量比高达4.44:1。

S_2在电蚊香片滴加液中的应用研究

S_2对EBT等多种杀虫剂具有明显的增效作用,为减少EBT在蚊香中的用量,降低蚊香使用成本,本文通过S_2与EBT复配在蚊香片中的应用实验,配制成电蚊香片滴加液。结果显示,加入适量S_2,在EBT用量减少1倍的情况下,对蚊虫仍有良好的杀灭效果。

As_2S_8非晶态薄膜波导光学截止效应研究

报告了As_2S_8非晶态薄膜波导的光学截止（optical-stopping）效应的实验过程、初步结果和机理分析.介绍了硫系非晶态As2S8薄膜波导的制备工艺,以及实验光路和光学截止现象的过程.在实验基础上,结合有关硫系非晶态半导体中的其他一些光诱起现象的报道,我们提出了以微结构变动为前提、结合半导体能级理论的电子泵浦模型,解释了实验现象.

S_2O_8^(2-)/V_2O_5-CeO_2型固体超强酸催化剂的制备研究

以NH_4VO_3为原料,(NH_4)_2S_2O_8为浸渍液,添加少量稀土Ce^(4+),用沉淀-浸渍法制备出新型S_2O_8^(2-)/V_2O_5-CeO_2固体超强酸催化剂,以合成乙酸苄酯作为探针反应考察不同条件下制备的超强酸的催化活性。研究发现,当加入CeO_2量为催化剂总量的1.0%,焙烧温度为500℃,浸渍液浓度为1.5mol/L,焙烧时间为3h时,催化剂的活性最好。

固体超强酸S_2 O_8^(2-)/TiO_2催化合成癸二酸二正己酯

以癸二酸和正已醇为原料,固体超强酸S_2O_8^(2-)/TiO_2为催化剂合成了低温增塑剂癸二酸二正已酯。考察影响反应的各种因素,最佳反应条件为:癸二酸用量0.05 mol,醇酸物质的量比为2.4,催化剂用量0.5 g,带水剂环己烷5 mL,反应时间2.0 h,酯化率达89.7%,表明固体超强酸S_2O_8^(2-)/TiO_2是合成癸二酸二正已酯的优良催化剂。

隔药饼灸调节大鼠免疫抑制机制的转录组测序分析

背景:免疫抑制会导致机体免疫功能受损,加重病情。隔药饼灸能有效调节机体免疫功能,提高机体免疫力,但其调节机制目前仍不清楚。目的:基于转录组学的生物信息学技术对隔药饼灸干预的免疫抑制模型大鼠进行测序,探究隔药饼灸调控免疫的机制。方法:将24只SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组和隔药饼灸组,每组8只,模型组与隔药饼灸组采用腹腔注射环磷酰胺制备免疫抑制模型,35 mg/kg,连续3 d,造模结束后空白组与模型组不做干预,隔药饼灸组在大鼠中脘、神阙、关元及足三里穴位进行艾炷与药饼结合的隔药饼灸干预,连续10 d,1次/d,干预结束后次日取材。取各组大鼠外周血进行白细胞数量检测;采用Illumina测序平台进行RNA-seq,筛选差异基因,结合GO与KEGG数据库,对差异基因进行生物信息学相关分析。结果与结论:①与空白组比较,模型组白细胞数量显著减少(P<0.001)。②RNA-seq共筛选出模型组与空白组间差异基因3026个,其中1565个上调、1461个下调,隔药饼灸组与模型组间差异基因535个,其中280个上调、255个下调。③韦恩图分析获得模型组与空白组159个下调基因经隔药饼灸干预后上调,蛋白互作网络分析获得Oasl,Oas2,Isg15,Herc6,Mx2,Helz2,Mx1,Syk,Hspa1a及Ret等10个核心靶点;④GO与KEGG分析隔药饼灸调节机体的机制有免疫应答途径、病毒相关、血管新生和自身免疫系统等通路。⑤上述结果证实,实验筛选出隔药饼灸干预免疫抑制与Oasl,Oas2,Isg15,Herc6,Mx2,Helz2及Mx1靶点有明显关联,并且在免疫应答、病毒相关及血管新生等通路中发挥调控作用。

固体超强酸催化剂S_2O_8^(2-)/Fe_2O_3-Al_2O_3的制备及其酯化性能

以硝酸铁为铁源、硝酸铝为铝源,通过共沉淀法制备固体超强酸催化剂S_2O_8^(2-)/Fe_2O_3-Al_2O_3。通过催化剂样品的FT-IR谱图、不同焙烧温度催化剂样品的XRD谱图、不同陈化温度的N_2吸附-脱附曲线以及催化剂样品的SEM照片,研究了其晶体的形成过程。催化剂样品红外谱图表明,催化剂中的S=O有较强的共价双键特征,诱导催化剂形成超强酸性;在XRD谱图中既无Al_2O_3的晶相峰,也无Fe_2(SO_4)_3晶相峰,说明Al_2O_3与Fe_2O_3在催化剂样品的表面形成了Al_2O_3-Fe_2O_3共价键的复杂结构。采用BET方程和BJH模型计算催化剂样品的比表面积和孔径分布,经冰水陈化的催化剂样品平均孔径为9.1 nm,最可几孔径为7.5 nm,比表面积为78.9 m^2·g^(-1),孔容0.149 cm^3·g^(-1)。研究了催化剂的铁与铝物质的量比、(NH_4)_2S_2O_8浸渍浓度和不同焙烧温度对硬脂酸正丁酯酯化率的影响。在反应温度85℃、催化剂用量0.2 g(为反应物总质量的2%)和回流反应150 min的条件下,酯化率可达84.5%。

Fe^(2+)/K_2S_2O_8氧化法预处理半合成抗生素废水的研究

采用Fe^(2+)/K_2S_2O_8氧化法预处理半合成抗生素废水,通过化学除磷试验,选取最佳除磷药剂并确定其最佳投加量;通过正交试验及单因素优化试验确定Fe^(2+)/K_2S_2O_8氧化的最优反应条件.结果表明,最佳除磷药剂为Ca O,当投加量为1800 mg/L时,出水TP<10 mg/L,出水p H值>11,利于后续实验.除磷后的废水再用Fe^(2+)/K_2S_2O_8体系氧化,当Fe SO_4和K_2S_2O_8投加量分别为1.3 mmol/L和0.7 mmol/L,反应时间为50 min,除磷后的废水初始p H值不调节时废水COD和色度去除率分别能达到63.4%、62.5%,且B/C也从0.2升到0.5,使废水的可生化性提高.

MoS_2/Ni_3Bi_2S_2低温刺激下热催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究

利用水热法合成一种新型热敏剂MoS_2/Ni_3Bi_2S_2,并将其用于低温热催化降解亚甲基蓝。通过X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见分光光度测定法(UV-Vis)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和热重分析(TG)对样品粉末进行分析。结果表明,MoS_2/Ni_3Bi_2S_2具有优良的热催化性能并使得亚甲基蓝快速被降解。当质量浓度为20 mg/L,40℃下反应2.5 h后溶液去除率高达98.59%。此外,热敏剂还表现出良好的重复使用性能,循环5次后去除率仍高达89.7%。

Geological characteristics and accumulation mechanisms of the "continuous" tight gas reservoirs of the Xu2 Member in the middle-south transition region,Sichuan Basin,China

＂Continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs are those reservoirs which develop in widespread tight sandstones with a continuous distribution of natural gas. In this paper, we summarize the geological features of the source rocks and ＂＇continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs in the Xujiahe Formation of the middle- south transition region, Sichuan Basin. The source rocks of the Xul Member and reservoir rocks of the Xu2 Member are thick （Xul Member： 40 m, Xu2 Member： 120 m） and are distributed continuously in this study area. The results of drilled wells show that the widespread sandstone reservoirs of the Xu2 Member are charged with natural gas. Therefore, the natural gas reservoirs of the Xu2 Member in the middle-south transition region are ＂continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs. The accumulation of ＂continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs is controlled by an adequate driving force of the pressure differences between source rocks and reservoirs, which is demonstrated by a ＂one-dimensional＂ physical simulation experiment. In this simulation, the natural gas of＂continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs moves tbrward with no preferential petroleum migration pathways （PPMP）, and the natural gas saturation of＂continuous＂ tight gas reservoirs is higher than that of conventional reservoirs.

Solute carrier family 2 members 1 and 2 as prognostic biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma associated with immune infiltration

BACKGROUND Metabolic reprogramming has been identified as a core hallmark of cancer.Solute carrier family 2 is a major glucose carrier family.It consists of 14 members,and we mainly study solute carrier family 2 member 1(SLC2A1)and solute carrier family 2 member 2(SLC2A2)here.SLC2A1,mainly existing in human erythrocytes,brain endothelial cells,and normal placenta,was found to be increased in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),while SLC2A2,the major transporter of the normal liver,was decreased in HCC.AIM To identify if SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were associated with immune infiltration in addition to participating in the metabolic reprogramming in HCC.METHODS The expression levels of SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were tested in HepG2 cells,HepG215 cells,and multiple databases.The clinical characteristics and survival data of SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were examined by multiple databases.The correlation between SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 was analyzed by multiple databases.The functions and pathways in which SLC2A1,SLC2A2,and frequently altered neighbor genes were involved were discussed in String.Immune infiltration levels and immune marker genes associated with SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were discussed from multiple databases.RESULTS The expression level of SLC2A1 was up-regulated,but the expression level of SLC2A2 was down-regulated in HepG2 cells,HepG215 cells,and liver cancer patients.The expression levels of SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were related to tumor volume,grade,and stage in HCC.Interestingly,the expression levels of SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 were negatively correlated.Further,high SLC2A1 expression and low SLC2A2 expression were linked to poor overall survival and relapse-free survival.SLC2A1,SLC2A2,and frequently altered neighbor genes played a major role in the occurrence and development of tumors.Notably,SLC2A1 was positively correlated with tumor immune infiltration,while SLC2A2 was negatively correlated with tumor immune infiltration.Particularly,SLC2A2 methylation was positively correlated with lymphocytes.CONCLUSION SLC2A1 and SLC2A2 are independent therapeutic targets for HCC,and they are quintessential marker molecules for predicting and regulating the number and status of immune cells in HCC.

Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Properties of S_2O_8^(2-)/ZrO_2 Supported by Tungsten Carbide

A WC-supported S_2O 2-_8/ZrO_2(PSZ) catalyst was prepared and characterized by means of XRD, BET, FTIR and XPS. The isomerization of n-pentane over the catalyst was investigated as well. The results show that the skeletal isomerization and the crack of n-pentane proceed simultaneously on WC-supported S_2O 2-_8/ZrO_2 catalyst. The addition of tungsten carbide showed a significant enhancement in the activity and stability of the catalyst for n-pentane isomerization. The catalyst showed evidently a better activity than S_2O 2-_8/ZrO_2 supported by Pt and WO_3. The results can be interpreted by the existence of the tungsten oxycarbide compound(WC_xO_y) with carbidic, oxide and acidic sites.

Vestigial like family member 3 is a novel prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Vestigial like family member 3(VGLL3)is associated with the prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer and soft tissue sarcoma,but its role in gastric cancer(GC)is unclear.AIM To explore the expression pattern and clinical significance of VGLL3 in GC.METHODS Integrative analysis was performed on the GC transcriptome profiles and survival information deposited in the ONCOMINE,GEPIA,and ONCOLNC databases.The expression levels of VGLL3 mRNA and protein were analyzed in the freshly resected tumor and normal gastric tissues from GC patients by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot,respectively.In addition,the in situ expression of VGLL3 in the GC tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry(IHC),and the patients were accordingly classified into the high and low expression groups.The correlation of VGLL3 expression status with patient prognosis was then determined by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses.RESULTS Analysis of the ONCOMINE and GEPIA databases showed that VGLL3 was significantly up-regulated in GC tissues(P=0.003),and associated with the tumor TNM stage(P=0.0163).The high VGLL3 expression group had a significantly worse prognosis compared to the low expression group,as per both GEPIA(P=0.0057)and ONCOLNC(P=0.01).The bioinformatics results were validated by the significantly higher VGLL3 mRNA and protein levels in the GC tissues compared to the adjacent normal tissues(P<0.001)in a cohort of 30 GC patients.Furthermore,high in situ expression of VGLL3 protein was associated with more advanced N and TNM stages and HER2 mutation(P<0.05)in a cohort of 172 patients.Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the high VGLL3 expression group had a worse prognosis compared to the low expression group(P=0.019).Multivariate analysis showed that VGLL3 expression status was an independent risk factor for prognosis.In addition,the prognostic risk model nomogram showed that VGLL3 was the most important indicator,with an area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC)of 0.613 for 3-year survival and 0.706 for 5-year survival.Finally,the protein interaction network analysis revealed that VGLL3 is likely involved in the Hippo signaling pathway.CONCLUSION VGLL3 is overexpressed in GC tissues and associated with a poor prognosis,indicating its potential as a novel prognosis biomarker and therapeutic target for GC.

Reconsideration of the sediment characteristics of the second member of the Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Sanhuiba,Huaying Mountain

The second member of the Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Sanhuiba area in Huaying Mountain is an important section of sedimentary delta facies in the Chongqing Tianfu Geological Survey and Training Base. In spite of some initial efforts on its lithology and lithofacies, the existing research is yet to be completed and suffers from contradictory conclusions and inadequate evidence. Starting from the sedimentary microfaeies types and cyclic features, we analyzed the vertical sequence of a sedimentary delta model and discovered that this section is a constructional delta deposit. Eight incomplete and asymmetric regressive cycles are marked off, given that frequent erosion surfaces appeared in the section. Based on the analysis of structural characteristics of every monocycle, we summarized the system of cycles, tracts and sequence characteristics of the overall section. In view of this systematic series of cycles, we discussed the features of the syndepositional tectonic movements in the area and conclude that, due to frequent erosion, migration and diversion of a sub-channel branch was brought about by oscillating movements of the crust. In a comparison with neighboring sections, we explored the cause of erosion and the relations between erosion and cycles. This study greatly strengthens existing research and theories, makes an important and comprehensive contribution to geological surveys and training in the area and provides essential suggestions for coal exploration, oil and gas evaluation and in general to exploration and development in the target stratum.