A Game-Theoretic Approach to Safe Crowd Evacuation in Emergencies

Obstacle removal in crowd evacuation is critical to safety and the evacuation system efficiency. Recently, manyresearchers proposed game theoreticmodels to avoid and remove obstacles for crowd evacuation. Game theoreticalmodels aim to study and analyze the strategic behaviors of individuals within a crowd and their interactionsduring the evacuation. Game theoretical models have some limitations in the context of crowd evacuation. Thesemodels consider a group of individuals as homogeneous objects with the same goals, involve complex mathematicalformulation, and cannot model real-world scenarios such as panic, environmental information, crowds that movedynamically, etc. The proposed work presents a game theoretic model integrating an agent-based model to removethe obstacles from exits. The proposed model considered the parameters named: (1) obstacle size, length, andwidth, (2) removal time, (3) evacuation time, (4) crowd density, (5) obstacle identification, and (6) route selection.The proposed work conducts various experiments considering different conditions, such as obstacle types, obstacleremoval, and several obstacles. Evaluation results show the proposed model’s effectiveness compared with existingliterature in reducing the overall evacuation time, cell selection, and obstacle removal. The study is potentially usefulfor public safety situations such as emergency evacuations during disasters and calamities.

A cross-sectional study to assess medication safety,knowledge,attitude,and practices regarding nutrition and medication among pregnant women

Objective:To assess pregnant women's knowledge,attitude,and practice regarding nutrition and medication usage,analyse the prescribing pattern,and categorize them based on the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)guidelines.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted with 264 pregnant women in the obstetrics and gynaecology department of a tertiary care hospital from October 2022 to August 2023.A knowledge,attitude,and practice(KAP)questionnaire was prepared in English language by the researchers and validated by an expert panel consisting of 12 members.The validated questionnaire was then translated into regional languages,Kannada and Malayalam.The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed with test-retest method with a representative sample population of 30 subjects(10 subjects for each language).The subjects'knowledge,attitude,and practice were evaluated using the validated KAP questionnaire.The safety of the medication was assessed using the FDA drug safety classification for pregnancy.Results:The mean scores for nutritional and medication usage knowledge,attitude,and practice were 4.14±1.15,4.50±1.09,and 3.00±1.47,respectively.Among 30 prescribed medications,3 belong to category A(no risk in human studies),8 belong to category B(no risk in animal studies),18 belong to category C(risk cannot be ruled out)and 1 drug is not classified.A significant association was observed between medication knowledge and practice(r=0.159,P=0.010).Conclusions:Most of the study population knows the need to maintain good dietary and medication practices during pregnancy.Counselling pregnant women regarding diet and medication usage is crucial in maternal care.

A Dual-Task Learning Approach for Bearing Anomaly Detection and State Evaluation of Safe Region

Predictive maintenance has emerged as an effective tool for curbing maintenance costs,yet prevailing research predominantly concentrates on the abnormal phases.Within the ostensibly stable healthy phase,the reliance on anomaly detection to preempt equipment malfunctions faces the challenge of sudden anomaly discernment.To address this challenge,this paper proposes a dual-task learning approach for bearing anomaly detection and state evaluation of safe regions.The proposed method transforms the execution of the two tasks into an optimization issue of the hypersphere center.By leveraging the monotonicity and distinguishability pertinent to the tasks as the foundation for optimization,it reconstructs the SVDD model to ensure equilibrium in the model’s performance across the two tasks.Subsequent experiments verify the proposed method’s effectiveness,which is interpreted from the perspectives of parameter adjustment and enveloping trade-offs.In the meantime,experimental results also show two deficiencies in anomaly detection accuracy and state evaluation metrics.Their theoretical analysis inspires us to focus on feature extraction and data collection to achieve improvements.The proposed method lays the foundation for realizing predictive maintenance in a healthy stage by improving condition awareness in safe regions.

Risk-Informed Model-Free Safe Control of Linear Parameter-Varying Systems

This paper presents a risk-informed data-driven safe control design approach for a class of stochastic uncertain nonlinear discrete-time systems.The nonlinear system is modeled using linear parameter-varying(LPV)systems.A model-based probabilistic safe controller is first designed to guarantee probabilisticλ-contractivity(i.e.,stability and invariance)of the LPV system with respect to a given polyhedral safe set.To obviate the requirement of knowing the LPV system model and to bypass identifying its open-loop model,its closed-loop data-based representation is provided in terms of state and scheduling data as well as a decision variable.It is shown that the variance of the closedloop system,as well as the probability of safety satisfaction,depends on the decision variable and the noise covariance.A minimum-variance direct data-driven gain-scheduling safe control design approach is presented next by designing the decision variable such that all possible closed-loop system realizations satisfy safety with the highest confidence level.This minimum-variance approach is a control-oriented learning method since it minimizes the variance of the state of the closed-loop system with respect to the safe set,and thus minimizes the risk of safety violation.Unlike the certainty-equivalent approach that results in a risk-neutral control design,the minimum-variance method leads to a risk-averse control design.It is shown that the presented direct risk-averse learning approach requires weaker data richness conditions than existing indirect learning methods based on system identification and can lead to a lower risk of safety violation.Two simulation examples along with an experimental validation on an autonomous vehicle are provided to show the effectiveness of the presented approach.

How to Keep Safe

As teenagers, we should always keep safety in mind. But how can we keep safe? Here are some of my suggestions.First, we should eat healthily and safely. Don’t eat too much. Eating some junk food will do harm to our health. Second, we should always obey the traffic rules.

Smart materials for safe lithium-ion batteries against thermal runaway

In recent years,the new energy storage system,such as lithium ion batteries(LIBs),has attracted much attention.In order to meet the demand of industrial progress for longer cycle life,higher energy density and cost efficiency,a quantity of research has been conducted on the commercial application of LIBs.However,it is difficult to achieve satisfying safety and cycling performance simultaneously.There may be thermal runaway(TR),external impact,overcharge and overdischarge in the process of battery abuse,which makes the safety problem of LIBs more prominent.In this review,we summarize recent progress in the smart safety materials design towards the goal of preventing TR of LIBs reversibly from different abuse conditions.Benefiting from smart responsive materials and novel structural design,the safety of LIBs can be improved a lot.We expect to provide a comprehensive reference for the development of smart and safe lithium-based battery materials.

无人机辅助物联网中基于Safe Actor-Critic的信息年龄最小化研究

无人机作为一种新的通信设备,有望在物联网数据采集、监控等业务中发挥关键作用。为保证所采集数据的时效性,利用信息年龄来衡量无人机从物联网设备接收到的数据新鲜度。通过联合优化无人机轨迹和无人机与物联网设备的关联策略以最小化信息年龄加权和,并保证无人机累积飞行能量消耗满足预算要求。由于上述问题同时受短期和长期约束条件的限制,将问题建模为受约束的马尔可夫决策过程(CMDP),并利用Safe Actor-Critic来求解。仿真结果表明,所提算法在最小化信息年龄的同时,能有效保证能量预算。

Study on the Safety and Prevention Technology of Coal Mining under the River in Xingyuan Coal Mine

Coal mining-induced surface subsidence poses significant ecological and infrastructural challenges, necessitating a comprehensive study to ensure safe mining practices, particularly in underwater conditions. This project aims to address the extensive impact of coal mining on the environment, infrastructure, and overall safety, focusing on the Shigong River area above the working face. The study employs qualitative and quantitative analyses, along with on-site engineering measurements, to gather data on crucial parameters such as coal seam characteristics, roof rock lithology, thickness, water resistance, and structural damage degree. The research encompasses a multidisciplinary approach, involving mining, geology, hydrogeology, geophysical exploration, rock mechanics, mine surveying, and computational mathematics. The importance of effective safety measures and prevention techniques is emphasized, laying the foundation for research focused on the Xingyun coal mine. The brief concludes by highlighting the potential economic and social benefits of this project and its contribution to valuable experience for future subsea coal mining.

Keeping Seas Safe

THE high seas around the Horn of Africa have again entered the headlines. After a relatively quiet five-year period since pirates caused havoc to passing vessels - they are back. On April 8, China＇s navy reported the attempted hijacking of a ship from Tuvalu （South Pacific independent island nation） by suspected Somali pirates. Working together with the Indian navy, they managed to secure both the ship and the safety of the crew,

Enhanced Memory-Safe Linux Security Modules (eLSMs) for Improving Security of Docker Containers for Data Centers

The adoption of Docker containers has revolutionized software deployment by providing a lightweight and efficient way to isolate applications in data centers. However, securing these containers, especially when handling sensitive data, poses significant challenges. Traditional Linux Security Modules (LSMs) such as SELinux and AppArmor have limitations in providing fine-grained access control to files within containers. This paper presents a novel approach using eBPF (extended Berkeley Packet Filter) to implement a LSM that focuses on file-oriented access control within Docker containers. The module allows the specification of policies that determine which programs can access sensitive files, providing enhanced security without relying solely on the host operating system’s major LSM.

Rail design keeps wildlife safe

A new railway design is allowing the latest highspeed rail line to pass through national natural reserves while causing only minor disturbance to local wildlife.The Xi’an-Chengdu high-speed rail,which opened on Wednesday,is the first bullet train to cut though the Qinling Mountains,in Shanxi province,which are home to many rare wild animals including the giant panda,golden monkey,crested ibis and golden takin.

Application and Effect Evaluation of the Integrated“5A and 3+3”Management Model in the Safe Medication Use for Chemotherapy Patients

Objective:To explore the application and effect evaluation of the integrated“5A and 3+3”management model in ensuring safe medication use for chemotherapy patients.Methods:A total of 100 intravenous chemotherapy patients admitted to the oncology department of Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital were randomly divided into two groups using a random number list method.Both groups received conventional nursing management during chemotherapy,while the study group additionally received the integrated“5A and 3+3”safety management model.The nursing intervention effects between the two groups were compared.Results:After the intervention,the study group showed higher levels of self-management ability,compliance,and nursing satisfaction compared to the control group.The overall incidence of adverse events during hospitalization was lower in the study group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The knowledge scores of medical staff in the study group,related to the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy drug side effects,daily symptom management,and daily life management,were higher than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion:Implementing the integrated“5A and 3+3”model in the safe medication management of intravenous chemotherapy patients can effectively enhance patients’self-management abilities and compliance,improve medical staff’s ability to safely administer chemotherapy drugs,reduce adverse events caused by chemotherapy,and increase patient satisfaction.

SAFE与SDE法对金华火腿皮下脂肪气味活性物质研究

通过溶剂辅助风味蒸发系统(SAFE)和同时蒸馏提取技术(SDE)与气相色谱-嗅闻仪-质谱联机法(GC-O-MS)结合,对已发酵18个月的金华火腿皮下脂肪气味化合物进行定性定量分析和感官评价.SAFE和SDE法分别检测并嗅闻到40种和22种气味活性化合物,对脂肪气味贡献度较大的10种关键性化合物分别是:己醛、庚醛、二异丙基二硫醚、辛醛、反-2-辛烯醛、3-甲基丁酸、反,反-2,4-癸二烯醛、γ-癸内酯、γ-十一内酯和苯乙酸.

一种描述逻辑与DL-safe规则复合逻辑中的规则抽取方法

OWL本体描述语言包含相对丰富的概念定义符,但提供的关系定义符描述能力则较差。将 OWL与规则相结合是克服这种表达能力限制的一种常用方法。Motik提出了一种可判定的方法,将SHIQ(D)描述逻辑与规则结合,所结合的规则限定在一种叫做DL-safe规则的范围内。本文提出了一种抽取DL-safe规则的方法,方法利用SHIQ(D)逻辑中的UNION定义符满足一些规则在前件中包含析取逻辑运算符的需求,从而扩展了规则的描述能力。

Calculation of Safe Volume of Straw Using Frank-Kamenetskii Model

[Objective] The aim was to calculate the safe straw volume using Frank- Kamenetskii Model to provide method for fire protection in forage farm. [Method] Frank-Kamenetskii Model was used to measure Tacr and improved by marginal tem- perature which was adjustable. In addition, effects of water content and density of baled straws on Tc were explored using the improved model. [Result] Size of straw bales was the key factor determining whether spontaneous combustion would occur. For baled straws with water at 15.27% and density at 285 kg/m3, Tc was 85-88 ~C and safe diameter of baled straws maximized 8.2 m. In addition, straws should be stacked from south to north （or north to south） to avoid sunshine and certain space should be kept between straw bales for heat dissipation. [Conclusion] The research is of significance for safe management of forage farm.

SAFE应用于我国股权众筹市场的前景和法律监管思路——以新时代金融供给侧结构性改革为背景

未来股权简单协议(SAFE)是一种新兴股权众筹形式,由于其能够适应高成长型初创企业的投融资需要而在美国资本市场流行。我国未来可尝试引入SAFE机制作为金融创新手段,但需要注意其内在风险。应采取积极审慎的态度,从股权众筹平台的准入和征信制度、所提供的格式合同文本、投资者的教育机制、信息披露要求等方面制定和完善相关法律法规,进行必要的监管,以严格控制其风险,尽量减少其负面影响,使其既有助于小微初创企业融资,又不致损害投资者的利益。

美国NPPS项目中SAFE^(TM)游戏场安全管理框架的分析与启示

美国游戏场安全国家项目(National Program for playground Safety,简称NPPS)旨在提高人们对游戏场安全性的认识,为儿童创设安全的游戏环境。其构建的SAFE TM游戏场安全管理框架包含监督、适当的环境、坠落铺面、设备维护4个彼此交互的基本元素。为保障SAFE TM游戏场安全管理框架的有效实施,NPPS还构建了与之相匹配的支持系统,包括符合准则和标准、评估游戏场、检查程序和课程培训四个方面。当前,我国也日益重视儿童户外游戏场地的安全,系统分析SAFE TM游戏场安全管理框架及其特点,对于我国幼儿园户外游戏场地设计与管理具有重要启示。

版本管理及Visual Source Safe6.0的使用

本文阐述了在软件开发项目中,对所有代码文档进行权限、版本等的管理的必要性。同时介绍了Visual Source Safe6.0进行版本控制的原理,并指出了使用时应注意的事项。

Bayes Estimation of Parameter for the Safety Component Failure Model of the Safe Arming System of Missile

A Bayesian method is used to evaluate the component safety failure model parameter of the safe arming system of an air faced missile in flight. It was proved that Bayes estimation of the model parameter is coincident with the physical explanation of the prior probability density distribution of the random parameter.

基于控制流的Mobile Safe Ambients演算的静态分析策略

在Mobile Safe Ambients演算进程的拓扑结构抽象表示基础上,通过识别可被激活的移动原语和通讯原语,计算系统运行的所有动态进程拓扑结构,并在文法规则中显示地标识约束名字和变量,使分析结果在α变换下保持不变.该策略可被应用于静态分析和验证基于Mobile Safe Ambients演算描述的并行与分布式系统的动态行为及属性.