The Realistic Dilemma and Promoting Path of Secondary Vocational Education Talent Training Model under the Background of Education Supply-side Reform

In today's world,the competition for high-end smart technology is becoming increasingly fierce,and the huge connotation hidden behind the fierce competition is the competition of high-quality skilled talents.The status of secondary vocational education in our country's education system has a solid foundational role.The close connection it exhibits with social and economic development is beyond the reach of other types of education.However,the current secondary vocational education talent training model shows a situation that is not in line with market demand,and problems such as"shortage of skilled personnel"and"unemployment structural imbalance"have appeared in related fields.The supply of talents in secondary vocational education lacks a balanced mechanism,lacks in quality of supply,and does not have a high effect.It is urgent to train high-quality skilled talents with matching socio-economic structure transformation and upgrading for the society through education supply-side reform measures.In view of this,according to the changes in market demand,we will vigorously promote the reform of the school-based curriculum of secondary vocational schools,strive to create a new integrated development model that combines textbooks and practice,promote in-depth exchanges and cooperation between schools and characteristic enterprises in the industry,and train people in practice.Cultivating people,creating a good atmosphere for cultivating technical talents,and combining with the new goal of practicing education to build an evaluation system suitable for the growth of secondary vocational talents,making the human resource structure more and more suitable for the transformation and upgrading of the current social industrial structure.

A Knowledge Management Framework of the Information Technology-Based Approach for Improving Occupational Safety Training of Young Workers

This paper aims to develop a novel knowledge management framework for improving the system of pro-safety attitudes among young worker population in Poland. This is done through an efficient use of existing sources of explicit and tacit knowledge in the field of vocational occupational safety and health （OSH） training. This project identifies three specific research steps for the development of the knowledge management framework of the information technology-based approach for improving occupational safety training of young workers, including： （1） the development of the conceptual model of the flow of explicit knowledge of OSH; （2） evaluation of the effectiveness of formal and explicit knowledge sources for OSH and training methods using these sources in the context of attitudes towards health and safety at work; and （3） verification of the proposed model of vocational training with the use of combined explicit and hidden knowledge. The proposed framework includes consideration of the effectiveness of the formal and informal sources of safety knowledge. A mapping from the formal sources of explicit knowledge about the occupational safety to expected attitudes （hidden knowledge） towards OSH outcomes, including emotional, cognitive, and behavioral aspects has been used. The above framework should help to improve the system of vocational training for young workers in Poland.

Research on the Training Mode of Business English Majors in Higher Vocational Colleges under the Concept of Modern Apprenticeship

Based on the experience and lessons of modern apprenticeship in the UK,this paper analyzes the problems existing in the process of the training of business English majors in higher vocational colleges in China,and puts forward the“three identities in four phases”personnel training model which is suitable for the business English majors in higher vocational colleges in China.It provides a reference for the development of business English majors in relevant higher vocational colleges.

Optimization on the Crosswind Stability of Trains Using Neural Network Surrogate Model

Under the influence of crosswinds,the running safety of trains will decrease sharply,so it is necessary to optimize the suspension parameters of trains.This paper studies the dynamic performance of high-speed trains under cross-wind conditions,and optimizes the running safety of train.A computational fluid dynamics simulation was used to determine the aerodynamic loads and moments experienced by a train.A series of dynamic models of a train,with different dynamic parameters were constructed,and analyzed,with safety metrics for these being determined.Finally,a surrogate model was built and an optimization algorithm was used upon this surrogate model,to find the minimum possible values for:derailment coefficient,vertical wheel-rail contact force,wheel load reduction ratio,wheel lateral force and overturning coefficient.There were 9 design variables,all associated with the dynamic parameters of the bogie.When the train was running with the speed of 350 km/h,under a crosswind speed of 15 m/s,the benchmark dynamic model performed poorly.The derailment coefficient was 1.31.The vertical wheel-rail contact force was 133.30 kN.The wheel load reduction rate was 0.643.The wheel lateral force was 85.67 kN,and the overturning coefficient was 0.425.After optimization,under the same running conditions,the metrics of the train were 0.268,100.44 kN,0.474,34.36 kN,and 0.421,respectively.This paper show that by combining train aerodynamics,vehicle system dynamics and many-objective optimization theory,a train’s stability can be more comprehensively analyzed,with more safety metrics being considered.

Exploration on Innovation of Entrepreneurship Education Mode Under the Visual Threshold of Engineering Education Specialty Authentication

In order to adapt to the rapid development of engineering education and the goal of the 13th Five-Year Plan,the cultivation of innovation and entrepreneurship ability,practical ability and quality has become the core content of engineering education professional certification.This paper probes into the train of thought and evaluation mechanism of innovation and entrepreneurship ability,expounds the reform direction of innovation and entrepreneurship education mode,and has certain significance for promoting innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities of our country at the present stage.

Training vocational and technical talents in western China from the perspective of rural vitalization

With the announcement of the Rural Revitalization Strategic Plan(2018-2022), China's western region has become an important battleground for rural revitalization strategies. To create a work team that understands agriculture, loves the countryside, and loves farmers is inseparable from vocational and technical education. The implementation of the rural revitalization strategy urgently requires the services of professional and technical personnel in the western region. According to the training mode of international and domestic professional and technical talents and the status quo of professional and technical talents in the western region, the paper analyzes the problem of "urbanization" in vocational and technical education in western China, lack of vocational education system and education form for "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", lack of diversity and flexibility in the learning system. Serving the rural revitalization strategy, we must vigorously develop vocational education for rural areas, cultivate rural craftsmen and economic management talents, optimize the vocational education curriculum system, strengthen the construction of teachers, and create a diverse talent evaluation mechanism. This will help the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.

Research on the Cultivation Mode of College Students'Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education under the Background of"Internet plus"

Colleges and universities are an important position to cultivate high-quality talents.In order to cultivate a group of comprehensive talents with professional skills,post practice skills and high Internet literacy for the society,it is necessary to fully combine the current“Internet plus”background and actively innovate and reform the talent cultivation mode of entrepreneurship education for college students.

Exploration of Diversified Talent Training and Collaborative Innovation Models from the Perspective of Scientific Research Team Construction and Collaborative Management Mechanism in Applied Undergraduate Universities

This study is dedicated to exploring the role of scientific research team construction and collaborative management mechanisms in applied undergraduate universities in promoting diversified talent training and collaborative innovation models.By forming an interdisciplinary scientific research team and recording in detail the team’s performance,problems encountered,and solutions during the collaborative innovation process,the study found that interdisciplinary team construction significantly improved scientific research timeliness,which was 29.33%higher than that of traditional single-disciplinary teams.Therefore,the construction of interdisciplinary scientific research teams and collaborative management mechanisms are effective ways for applied undergraduate universities to promote diversified talent training and collaborative innovation.

基于CIPP模型的全科基层实践基地指导医师门诊教学能力提升项目评价研究

背景基层实践基地指导医师的门诊教学能力是关系到全科住院医师规范化培训质量的重要因素。近年来,国内多个地区开展了社区全科师资培训项目,但缺少采用综合方法评价项目实施情况的相关研究。目的探明浙江大学医学院附属第二医院“分层督导式教学门诊”培训项目的实施现状与阻碍因素,为制定问题导向的应对策略提供理论参考和策略支持。方法2021年10月—2022年1月,基于CIPP模型,使用内容分析法、专家会议法、深度访谈法、专家评分法、问卷调查法等多种研究方法,从背景、输入、过程和成果4个方面对浙江大学医学院附属第二医院全科医学科“分层督导式教学门诊”培训项目的实施情况进行系统评估。结果政策文件分析和文献回顾结果表明,社区师资培训是受到国家卫生政策大力支持的医疗人才培养计划,且目前在国内已有广泛的实践基础。浙江大学医学院附属第二医院全科医学科“分层督导式教学门诊”培训制度基本涵盖了社区全科师资培训的内容和过程规范,基层实践基地制定的考核和激励制度缺乏实施细则,2021年5月—2022年1月,10名基层指导医师共完成了57人次社区教学门诊,每人参加4~7轮次,人均门诊教学能力评价得分从第1轮次的(78.6±5.7)分提升至第7轮次的(87.8±4.5)分。基层指导医师和全科住院医师对“教学场地与设备”“培训形式”“培训内容”及“培训效果”的满意度均超过90%,但基层指导医师对“教学激励制度”的满意度仅为20%。参与项目培训的受访者反映目前存在的主要阻碍因素是“教学相关激励制度不健全”“教学门诊患者招募困难”与“培训内容适用性不足”。结论“分层督导式教学门诊”培训项目初期取得了较为理想的结果,但仍有较大的提升空间,在下一阶段的培训中需要结合基层实践基地的实际情况制定相应的策略,以持续地改进培训质量。

探索3E方法在教学实验室负面清单管理制度中的应用

高校化学教学实验室内存在很多危险因素,管理方法和技术手段采用不当会引起师生受伤,进而影响实验教学的正常进行。负面清单管理制度可简明扼要地将各种实验教学和实验室管理过程中发现的问题进行归纳总结,做好负面清单的整理和持续改进是强化高校化学实验教学实验室安全管理的有效方法之一。本文在总结现阶段高校化学实验教学实验室的各种影响因素的基础上,形成有针对性的负面清单,开展有针对性的实验室安全教育和培训E(education)、采取有效的实验室工程技术安全措施E(engineering)、强化实验室安全强制措施E(enforcement),形成了3E方法与负面清单管理制度相结合的化学教学实验室安全模式。该制度的可持续发展模式在化学教学实验室管理中收获良好效果,为高校化学教学实验室安全管理提供参考。

大模型关键技术与应用

介绍了自ChatGPT发布以来,大模型关键技术和应用的主要进展。在大模型设计方面,模型规模不断增加,但已有放缓趋势,更长的上下文以及多模态已经成为主流,计算效率明显提升;在模型训练方面,从单纯追求数据数量逐渐转变为关注数据的多样性和质量,特别是如何使用合成数据训练大模型成为主流探索方向,这是迈向通用人工智能(AGI)的关键;在模型推理方面,模型量化和推理引擎优化极大降低了模型使用成本,诸如投机采样等新兴算法逐渐成熟。在应用层,Agent技术获得了重大进展,在克服大模型固有缺陷方面发挥了不可替代的作用。越来越多的企业开始规划、研发以及使用大模型,企业级大模型应用架构日益成熟完善,并以场景、技术、算法三要素为抓手加速大模型商业价值闭环。

着眼未来教育家的教育博士培养模式构建

教育博士专业学位的设立是我国博士学位制度的一项重大创新,是培养造就未来教育家的重要途径,对建设教育强国具有先导性、基础性、战略性作用。构建一个既符合教育博士类别要求又能彰显教育博士规格质量的培养模式,是一个重大的理论与实践课题。本文结合东北师范大学的实践探索,从教育博士培养改革的时代之需、他山之石、理论之基、实践之径四个方面,阐释“目标导向、理实互构、三维协同”教育博士培养模式的理论内涵与实践路径,以期能为建构具有中国特色的教育博士培养模式提供参考和借鉴。

肿瘤放射治疗医学物理实习生的患者安全教育课程探索

放射治疗的技术复杂,患者治疗安全性备受医患家属关注。在这一背景下,放射治疗物理实习生的患者安全培训成为实习课程中非常重要的环节。患者安全培训不仅要求实习生掌握基础理论知识,更需要培养临床紧急情况时的综合应对能力,以确保患者在接受治疗时的安全。该研究介绍了解放军总医院第一医学中心针对放疗医学物理实习生制定的患者安全教育培训课程,并评估学习效果。该课程为期2个月,涵盖了基础理论、临床技能、质量保证、沟通教育和伦理等12个教学主题领域;通过结合在线资源自主学习、课堂授课理论教学、模拟临床情境演练和故障模式分析讨论实践教学,全面提升了实习生在放射治疗中的患者安全意识和应对能力。培训反馈结果显示,62名参与培训的医学物理实习生在患者安全知识、质量控制流程、辐射防护原则、团队协作能力以及医患沟通技巧等方面均有显著提升;在理论知识方面,实习生从培训前的Level1(基础理解)提升至Level3.5(深入理解),并在模拟实践技能上展现出能够独立处理复杂临床情况的能力。

由规模化到精准化:国家中小学智慧教育平台教师研修的差异化需求及优化策略研究

立足常态化的新发展阶段,国家智慧教育平台教师寒暑假研修如何从规模化走向差异化、精准化,“按需施训”尤为关键。研究以基础教育阶段参训教师的9.06万条、149万余字反馈文本为研究对象,综合运用结构主题模型(STM)及重要性-绩效分析法(IPA),构建了国家中小学智慧教育平台教师研修需求框架,并深入分析其差异、明确基于需求要素的优化方向。研究发现:参训教师需求包含个体发展和系统环境两个层面的五类需求,且均存在显著的区域及城乡差异,针对时间安排及学时认定等研修机制需求仍须优化改进。研究为教师寒暑假研修精准化、差异化发展提供实证依据与决策支持,为优化研修服务提供策略建议。

项目驱动下的工程教育人才培养模式:欧美高校的实践与启示

当前新一轮科技革命和产业变革正在加速演进,在迈向中国式现代化的征程中,我国高等工程教育正肩负重要使命并迫切需要深化改革。项目驱动的人才培养模式作为工程教育改革的重要抓手,其影响力和应用范围正不断扩大。本文通过遴选三所工程教育具有传统优势并走在工程教育改革前沿的代表性欧美高校:麻省理工学院、代尔夫特理工大学和欧林工学院,从工程教育改革历程、人才培养理念和课程体系设置三个方面系统分析了三所高校的项目驱动人才培养模式,总结和分析了该模式以学生为中心的理念,在打破学科壁垒、培养工程技能、增强团队协作、体现人文素养等方面的特点,以及对我国工程教育改革的启示。

产教融合视阈下高素质复合型金融人才的培养

新时代金融业急需一批金融理论基础知识扎实、实践创新能力突出的金融专业硕士人才,而当前高校金融专业硕士人才培养仍存在若干不足,如合作机制不健全、产业师资资源匮乏、教学内容传统、教学方式落后、评价体系不完善等问题。这些问题影响了高校金融专业硕士人才的培养质量,也制约产教融合的深入推进。应该有针对性地调整人才培养策略:一是建设产教融合培养实践基地;二是完善双导师协同教学体系;三是教学内容融入行业前沿动态;四是多种方式加强实践教学;五是建立健全教学评价体系。以推动产教融合向纵深发展,提高高校金融专业硕士人才培养质量,为金融行业输送更多高素质复合型金融专业人才。

新工科背景下土木工程专业人才创新创业教育新模式研究

深圳近四十年高速发展的事实已经表明,专业人才的创新创业是推动社会经济发展的生力军,是年轻人解决就业的大容池,是推动新兴产业高质量发展的内驱力。传统的创新创业教育整体方案存在着学科专业针对性不强、教育课程设计欠合理、创新创业教育专业程度不足等问题,难以符合时代对新工科背景下土木工程专业人才创新创业需求。该文针对工科学生特点,将个人表达能力,商业风险管控等其他与创业紧密相关的能力建设加入到创新创业教育的课程中来,提出建立一套包含“个人能力建设”“专业技能培养”及“标杆企业赋能”三者有机结合的创新创业课程新系统,以期最终形成以学科专业为基础,以解决工程痛点和社会需求为导向的土木工程学科创新创业教育的新思路。

智慧农业产业学院“1234”产教融合协同育人模式

智慧农业是近年来国内外的重点和热点研究领域,也是实现我国农业强国和解决“三农”问题的重要途径。未来,涉农行业、企事业单位对智慧农业人才的需求将呈快速增长态势,而当前智慧农业人才难以满足智慧农业产业的需求。同时,智慧农业是多学科交叉融合且实践性很强的专业,也是新型专业,尚未形成系统性的智慧农业专业人才培养体系。因而,加快推进智慧农业专业人才培养,显得尤为迫切和重要。该文在坚持“以本为本”和“四个回归”的教育理念基础上,围绕智慧农业发展目标,面向智慧农业产业需求,以山西农业大学省级智慧农业学院为例,探索出智慧农业产业学院“1核心、2导师、3平台、4体系”的“1234”产教融合协同育人模式,为我国智慧农业产业学院发展及人才培养模式提供参考和借鉴。

基于新型“1+X+N”人才培养模式的一流本科课程建设探索

为了适应时代的发展需求,响应国务院提出的在应用型本科高校启动“学历证书+若干职业技能等级证书”制度(即“1+X”证书制度)的试点工作,民办本科院校积极探索“1+X+N”人才培养新模式。在人才培养新模式下,省级一流本科课程光纤通信技术课程组从明确课程定位、推动教学改革、加大资源建设、优化教学内容与实施过程、推进课程思政、改善课程成绩评定等方面开展工作,努力提升学生在光纤通信方面的综合应用能力,培养出满足新时代通信发展需求的高质量人才。

护理本科生科研创新能力全程一体化培养模式研究

护理事业发展的新要求是要坚持改革创新发展,高等护理教育应以培养创新型应用护理人才为目标制订培养方案并实践。天津医科大学护理学院构建了护理本科生科研创新能力全程一体化培养模式,将创新创业训练计划、科研创新教育课程体系与毕业科研训练有效结合,在促进护理本科生的创新思维、科研创新能力、科研创新实践等方面取得突出成效,为培养创新应用型护理人才,推动护理学科高质量发展提供实践依据。