The spirocyclopiperazinium salt compound LXM-15 alleviates chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain in mice and rats

In the present study,we aimed to evaluate the effect of the spirocyclopiperazinium salt compound LXM-15 on chronic inflammatory pain and chronic neuropathic pain induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant(CFA)or chronic constriction injury(CCI)in mice and rats.The results showed that administration with LXM-15 significantly reduced paw edema and ankle swelling and increased the mechanical withdrawal threshold and paw withdrawal latency after CFA injection in mice.LXM-15 significantly alleviated the mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in CCI rats.The effect was abolished by pretreatment with hexamethonium(a peripheral nAChR antagonist)or methyllycaconitine citrate(anα7 nAChR antagonist).Furthermore,LXM-15 significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3,and suppressed the expressions of TNF-αand c-fos in dorsal root ganglia of CCI rats.Collectively,we reported that LXM-15 relieved chronic inflammatory pain in CFA mice and chronic neuropathic pain in CCI rats.The underlying mechanism might be related to the activation of peripheralα7 nicotinic receptor,further inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway,and eventually suppressing the expressions of TNF-αand c-fos.

Study on the Reaction of Benzimidazolium Salt with Amine Compounds

The addition-hydrolysis reaction of benzimidazolium salt with some mono- and bifunctional amine nucleophiles is reported, and a novel method of biomimetic synthesis for formamides and heterocycle compounds is provided.

Changes of microbial community structures and functional genes during biodegradation of phenolic compounds under high salt condition

The changes of microbial community structures and functional genes during the biodegradation of single phenol and phenol plus p-cresol under high salt condition were explored.It was found that the phenol-fed system（PFS） exhibited stronger degrading abilities and more stable biomass than that of the phenol plus p-cresol-fed system（PCFS）.The microbial community structures were revealed by a modern DNA fingerprint technique,ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis（RISA）.The results indicated that the microbial community of PFS changed obviously when gradually increased phenol concentration,while PCFS showed a little change.16S rRNA sequence analysis of the major bands showed that Alcanivorax sp.genus was predominant species during phenolic compounds degradation.Furthermore,amplified functional DNA restriction analysis（AFDRA） on phenol hydroxylase genes showed that the fingerprints were substantially different in the two systems,and the fingerprints were not the same during the different operational periods.

Regularities of formability of intermediate compounds in binary molten salt systems

The formability of intermediate compounds for thirteen kinds of binary molten salt systems, including 1 179 phase diagrams was discussed by pattern recognition method with bond parameters as features. These systems were MeX Me′X, MeX Me′X 2, MeX Me′X 3, MeX Me′X 4, MeX 2 Me′X 2, MeX 2 Me′X 3, MeX 2 Me′X 4, MeX 3 Me′X 3, MeNO 3 Me′(NO 3) 2, Me 2SO 4 Me′SO 4 (Me, Me′ denote metallic elements, X denotes halogen), Me AX B Me′ CX D (X is CrO 2- 4, WO 2- 4 or MoO 2- 4), and common cation systems MeX MeX′, MeX Me 2X′ (Me, Me′ denote metallic elements, X, X′ denote anion forming elements or radicals). It had been found that molten salt systems forming intermediate compounds and ones without intermediate compound distribute in different regions. Moreover, six general regularities for the formation of intermediate compounds in binary molten salt systems had been summarized on the basis of thirteen semi empirical models, which was obtained from the known phase diagrams.[

FORMABILITY OF TERNARY INTERMEDIATE COMPOUNDS IN SOME MOLTEN SALT PHASE DIAGRAMS

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Treatment of hydroxyquinone-containing wastewater using precipitation method with barium salt

Hydroxyquinone compounds, such as 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone and alizarin sulfonate, are widely used in dye manufacturing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and other industries. However, the treatment of hydroxyquinone-containing wastewater has seldom been examined. This study used a precipitation method with barium salt to treat nano-silver industrial wastewater. The results show that barium chloride was a suitable reagent for significantly degrading COD and color from nano-silver wastewater. When the initial pH value was 10.5, 8 g of BaCl2·2H2O were added to 100 mL of wastewater. After reaction at 15℃ for 1 h, the removal efficiencies of COD and color in the nano-silver wastewater were 85.6% and 97.1%, respectively. Simulated wastewater containing sodium alizarin-3-sulfonate (ARS) or purpurin was used to further investigate the removal mechanism of hydroxyquinone compounds. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and some related experiments showed that hydroxyquinone compounds can directly react with barium ions in the solution so as to transfer from wastewater to precipitate. In addition, the newly produced barium sulfate particles have positive surface charges, which can improve the removal efficiency of hydroxyquinone compounds due to electrostatic attraction.

Syntheses and Application of All-lithium Salts of Heteropolyacid as Electrolyte of Lithium-ion Battery

The all-lithium salts of heteropoly acid Li_xXM_ 12O_ 40(HPA-Li)(X=P, Si; M=Mo, W) were obtained via ion exchange and characterized by means of IR and UV spectroscopies, TG and elemental analyses. The conductivity of the electrolytic solution consisting of Li_3PW_ 12O_ 40 and PC/DME mixing solvent(1/2.5, volume ratio) is up to 7.2×10 -2 S/cm, being higher than that of LiClO_4 as the electrolyte. The all-lithium salts were used as electrolytes in secondary lithium-ion batteries. The discharge capacity of the PAS/Li batteries with Li_3PW_ 12O_ 40 electrolyte solutions reaches to 148 (mA·h)/g and the cyclic life is up to 380 times, much better than those of commercialized products with LiClO_4 and LiAsF_6 as electrolytes.

Preparation and bioactivity evaluation of low salt peptide from sunf lower seed meal

Sunflower seed meal peptide as one sort of bioactive peptide has intensively application prospects. However, preparation of low salt peptide from sunflower seed meal with high efficiency remains a challenge. In this study, single and compound proteases were optimized to hydrolyze protein. Results showed that hydrolysis at pH 7.0 by proteases resulted in ash content in the range of 5.66%-7.37% and small peptides. Among all hydrolysis processes, sequential hydrolysis of Alcalase with Flavourzyme and Alcalase with Protamex showed higher nitrogen recovery ratio (67.66% and 66.49%, respectively). Furthermore, biological activities of peptides were investigated by testing their ABTS (2,2-azinobis (3-ethylben-zothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) radical scavenging activity, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil) radical scavenging activity and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. Peptide hydrolyzed by Alcalase with Papain presented the highest antioxidant activity, followed by Alcalase with Protamex, with ABTS scavenging rate as 63.01% and 31.75%, and DPPH scavenging rate as 56.04% and 28.06%, respectively. Synchronously, peptide hydrolyzed by Alcalase with Protamex and Alcalase with Alcalase had the highest ACE inhibitory activity (56.74%, 56.76%). In conclusion, hydrolysis by proteases Alcalase with Protamex at pH 7.0 was the most effective method for the preparation of low salt peptide from sunflower seed meal, which could be an alternative for anti-oxidants and anti-vasoconstrictor.

盐冻循环下粉煤灰再生混凝土性能劣化规律及寿命预测

为研究粉煤灰再生混凝土在高寒、盐渍土地区的耐久性问题,以质量分数为3%的NaCl和5%的Na_(2)SO_(4)混合溶液为冻融介质,采用快冻法对不同粉煤灰掺量的再生混凝土进行冻融循环试验,测定各组试件的质量损失、抗压强度以及相对动弹性模量的数据,研究粉煤灰再生混凝土在盐冻耦合作用下的性能劣化规律,并通过抛物线损伤模型预测再生混凝土的耐久性寿命。研究结果表明:在盐冻侵蚀作用下,不同掺量粉煤灰再生混凝土的相对动弹性模量和抗压强度变化均呈现前期平缓下降,后期快速下降的趋势,而质量损失率则前期缓慢增长,后期快速增加;抛物线模型能较好表征粉煤灰再生混凝土在复合盐环境下的冻融损伤,其模型拟合曲线与试验结果符合较好,具有较高的精度;当粉煤灰掺量为20%时,再生混凝土的抗冻耐久性寿命最长。

不同侵蚀环境下喷射混凝土耐久性提升技术及作用机理

为了揭示不同侵蚀环境下喷射混凝土的钙溶蚀行为,并探究羧酸酯型侵蚀抑制剂和硅灰对喷射混凝土抗侵蚀性能的影响,本文通过抗压强度及腐蚀溶液钙离子浓度测试对比了氯化铵溶蚀和复合盐侵蚀作用下喷射混凝土的强度损失率和钙离子溶出率的时变规律,并采用TG分析改性喷射混凝土侵蚀前的孔结构和可溶固相钙含量,最后采用XRD和SEM测试分析混凝土侵蚀后的物相组成和微观形貌。结果表明,复合盐侵蚀作用下较多钙矾石等腐蚀产物填充孔隙,导致混凝土强度损失和钙离子溶出率均低于氯化铵溶蚀。氯化铵溶蚀和复合盐侵蚀作用下,喷射混凝土的强度损失率与钙离子溶出率呈线性相关。4%(质量分数)侵蚀抑制剂+2%(质量分数)硅灰复合的作用效果较佳,可使喷射混凝土复合盐侵蚀28 d后的强度损失率和钙离子溶出率分别较空白组降低46.7%和50.9%。羧酸酯型侵蚀抑制剂和硅灰均可通过细化混凝土孔结构、降低氢氧化钙和钙矾石含量来提升喷射混凝土的耐久性。

3种野生苔草种子萌发特性对不同盐分胁迫的响应

本研究以3种野生苔草(Carex)种子为材料,用3种单盐(NaCl,Na_(2)SO_(4),NaHCO_(3))及相互组合的4种复盐模拟盐胁迫,采用培养皿法研究不同盐分类型及盐浓度(50,100,150,200 mmol·L^(-1))对野生苔草种子萌发特性和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:低浓度的NaCl、H_(1)(NaCl和Na_(2)SO_(4)混合)和H_(4)(NaCl,Na_(2)SO_(4)和NaHCO_(3)混合)促进青绿苔草(Carex breviculmis)种子的萌发,低浓度的H_(4)促进无脉苔草(Carex enervis)种子的萌发。50 mmol·L^(-1)Na_(2)SO_(4)促进无脉苔草胚芽的生长,50 mmol·L^(-1)NaCl促进无脉苔草胚根的生长。在单盐或复盐胁迫中,NaCl对野生苔草种子萌发的影响最小,当盐溶液中含有HCO_(3)^(-)离子时,对3种野生苔草种子萌发的胁迫程度较强。隶属函数法综合评价显示,3种野生苔草种子耐盐能力强弱依次为:无脉苔草>异穗苔草>青绿苔草,7种盐分类型对耐盐能力不同的野生苔草种子萌发特性的影响程度的强弱依次为:NaHCO_(3)>H_(3)>H_(2)>H_(4)>H_(1)>Na_(2)SO_(4)>NaCl。

盐碱复合胁迫对湖南稷子种子萌发的影响

【目的】研究盐碱复合胁迫对湖南稷子种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。【方法】模拟盐碱地自然状态下盐分组成特点,以2种中性盐(NaCl、Na_(2)SO_(4))和2种碱性盐(NaHCO_(3)、Na_(2)CO_(3))分别按1∶1∶0∶0(A)、1∶2∶1∶0(B)、1∶9∶9∶1(C)、1∶1∶1∶1(D)、9∶1∶1∶9(E)的比例混合,以湖南稷子为材料,去离子水为对照(CK),研究盐碱混合胁迫对其萌发指标及幼苗生长的影响。【结果】湖南稷子种子的萌发率随盐分浓度的升高而明显下降(P<0.05);但是,当盐浓度为150 mmol/L时,湖南稷子种子在第5d的发芽率较对照(97.3%)分别降低了8.5%,16.4%,23.6%,随着盐的浓度增加到250 mmol/L,湖南稷子的萌发率明显降低(P<0.01);湖南稷子的发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、根长及苗长等指标变化趋势均与发芽率的相吻合。湖南稷子种子在中性和碱性复合胁迫下的萌发受到了较大的抑制,而在250 mmol/L的中性盐复配下,湖南稷子的所有发芽指数都为0。随着盐分的升高,叶片中Na^(+)、脯氨酸、MDA的含量逐渐上升,K^(+)的含量则明显降低。【结论】随着盐胁迫浓度增加,对湖南稷子种子萌发的抑制作用越明显。本研究结果可为盐碱地湖南稷子的种植提供理论基础。

A STUDY OF THE IMPOVEMENT OF TENACITY OF POLYACRYLONITRILE PREOXIDED FIBRE BY USING CUPROUS SALT

Polyacrylonitrile preoxided fibre PANOF is an intermediate in carbon fibre preparation. Thequality of PANOF is closely related to the property and structure of carbon fibre. In this paper, thermal mechanical analysis(TMA), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), swell-ing differential scanning calorimetry(SDSC)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)wereused to study the increase in tenacity of PANOF from the precursor treated with cuprous salt It has been discovered that the cuprous salt reacts strongly with the uncyclized CN of PANOF,resulting in an increase in the tenacity of PANOF by 30%. The results shwo that the cause of thistenacity improvement is the formation of coordinated complex. Cu^+is the central ion, and PANOFthe ligand. It is due to the coordinate bond that the network structure is formed from uncyclizedCN of PANOF. Therefore the tenacity of PANOF is remarkably increased.

羧甲基壳聚糖与复合盐单次漂洗对白鲢鱼糜品质的影响

为减少鱼糜漂洗用水并保持鱼糜品质,利用氯化钾(KCl)、柠檬酸钠与羧甲基壳聚糖(CMC)对鱼糜进行单次漂洗。在单因素实验中,当漂洗液中KCl质量分数为1.0%时,凝胶强度为312.28 g·cm,白度为75.28,达到最大值,显著改善其质构特性与持水性(80.98%)。当漂洗液中柠檬酸钠质量分数为0.15%时,凝胶强度为300.78 g·cm,白度为75.34,达到最大值,显著改善其质构特性与持水性(85.55%)。当漂洗液中CMC质量分数为1.2%时,凝胶强度为348.39 g·cm,白度为73.89,达到最大值,显著改善质构特性与持水性(85.48%),且持水性随CMC含量增大而递增。在此基础上进行组合漂洗1次,结果发现采用1.0%KCl+0.15%柠檬酸钠+1.2%CMC的漂洗方法改善效果最佳,漂洗后的鱼糜凝胶强度为365.62 g·cm,白度为75.31,持水性为87.12%,鱼糜得率为75.41%。与工业中的3次漂洗法相比,除了鱼糜凝胶强度下降10.55%,其它指标都显著提升。该单次漂洗方法可有效改善鱼糜品质,减少漂洗次数,且漂洗耗水量约为工业漂洗的1/3。

复合型抗盐剂对NaCl胁迫下小麦种子萌发和生长的影响

将KNO_(3)、CaCl_(2)、DA-6、KH_(2) PO_(4)、FeSO_(4)·7H_(2) O、MgSO_(4)·7H_(2) O和蔗糖7种物质组合配制复合型抗盐剂,以‘济麦22’为研究材料,采用水培法,探讨了不同浓度(0.2%、0.4%和0.6%)盐(NaCl)胁迫下,施加不同浓度(10%、20%和30%)抗盐剂对种子萌发及后续幼苗生长的影响,并提出了适合小麦的抗盐剂配方。结果表明:(1)30%、20%、10%抗盐剂分别对0.2%、0.4%、0.6%NaCl胁迫下小麦种子萌发的促进效果最好,发芽率分别提高了6.4%、12.0%、26.5%。(2)0.6%NaCl胁迫下添加抗盐剂,根干质量显著增加了29.7%~35.9%;在抗盐剂作用下,光合速率分别提高了67.5%~90.0%(0.2%NaCl胁迫)、13.3%~51.5%(0.4%NaCl胁迫)和0.4%~25.5%(0.6%NaCl胁迫),且30%抗盐剂显著增强了0.2%NaCl胁迫下小麦的光合作用,增幅达90.0%。添加抗盐剂使小麦的光合色素含量升高,其中叶绿素a在0.2%和0.4%NaCl胁迫下分别升高了22.5%~39.0%和41.7%~43.2%,叶绿素b分别升高了22.1%~31.0%和14.7%~22.5%,类胡萝卜素分别升高了12.2%~28.6%和24.4%~32.3%。此外,其他各项生理指标也有相应改善。(3)主成分分析结果显示,盐胁迫下30%抗盐剂处理后小麦的得分均为最高,为最适浓度配比。

3,5,7-三氨基-[1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a][1,3,5]三嗪五唑盐的合成与性能

以五唑银为原料与3,5,7-三氨基-[1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a][1,3,5]三嗪盐酸盐通过复分解反应合成了一种新型非金属五唑盐——3,5,7-三氨基-[1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a][1,3,5]三嗪五唑盐(4)。通过X-射线单晶衍射、红外光谱(IR)、元素分析(EA)、核磁共振(NMR)对合成的新型五唑盐进行了结构表征,并采用热重分析(TG)和差示扫描量热分析(DSC)测试其热分解行为。使用原子化法计算了化合物4的生成焓,使用EXPLO5预测了爆轰性能,并采用BAM方法测试其撞击感度和摩擦感度。测试结果显示,化合物4的晶体密度为1.644 g·cm^(-3),属单斜晶系,P21/n空间群,氮含量77%,热分解温度113.8℃,生成焓491.5 kJ·mol^(-1),爆速7913 m·s^(-1),爆压19.6 GPa,撞击感度>40 J,摩擦感度>360 N。

长链脂肪酸钠/芳基酰胺脂肪酸钠复配成核剂对聚丙烯性能影响研究

使用长链脂肪酸钠盐与芳基酰胺脂肪酸钠(SCAB)复配作为聚丙烯(PP)成核剂,研究了复配前后SCAB对PP结晶及力学性能的影响。结果表明,长碳链脂肪酸钠盐在复配过程和PP加工温度下均未改变SCAB的分子结构且复配可以明显改善SCAB分子间聚集状态;PP的结晶速率、缺口冲击强度和拉伸强度随着长链脂肪酸钠盐的碳链长度延长大幅提高且复配物未影响PP的晶体生长方式;硬脂酸钠复配的SCAB由于在PP基体中优异的分散性,能够更有效细化PP球晶,完善晶体结构,使其结晶速率提高6.3倍,缺口冲击强度提升27.3%,拉伸强度增长8.2 MPa。

复合盐胁迫对不同品种毛叶苕子萌发期的影响

为了提高青海盐碱土壤的利用效率,寻找最适合青海本地盐碱地种植的毛叶苕子品种,对39份毛叶苕子品种进行试验,使用中性盐(NaCl、Na_(2)SO_(4)),按4∶1摩尔比混合配成,设50 mmol/L、100 mmol/L、150 mmol/L、200 mmol/L、250 mmol/L、300 mmol/L等6个浓度梯度,通过测定发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和根长等指标,对不同品种的毛叶苕子进行萌发期耐盐性评价。结果表明,35个毛叶苕子品种种子的发芽率随复合盐浓度的增加而下降,受到盐胁迫的抑制;且甘肃毛苕、鲁苕3号、鲁苕1号和法国毛苕发芽率在300 mmol/L的复合盐浓度下的发芽率最高,为100%。39个毛叶苕子品种种子的发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数随复合盐浓度的增加而下降;其中甘肃毛苕、鲁苕3号、鲁苕1号和法国毛苕在每个盐分浓度梯度下的各项数值均显著高于其他材料的毛苕。78-183早熟光苕在每个盐分浓度梯度下的各项数值均显著低于各个种质材料的毛苕。经隶属函数综合评价法筛选出鲁苕1号、甘肃毛苕、78-103毛苕、鲁苕3号和法国毛苕等5个耐盐品种,及5个盐分敏感品种,包括78-183早熟光苕、80-84苕子、75-121苕子、73-61苕子和78-171苕子。其中耐盐性最强的毛叶苕子品种为鲁苕1号,敏感盐碱品种为78-183早熟光苕。

低盐雪菜中呈味核苷酸关联物的检测及贮藏过程中的变化

为探明低盐雪菜中呈味核苷酸关联物在贮运期间的变化规律,建立高效液相色谱检测方法,分析低盐雪菜在(25±5)℃贮藏(J-25)、(4±1)℃贮藏(J-4)、灭菌后(25±5)℃贮藏(M-25)和灭菌后(4±1)℃贮藏(M-4)期间感官品质和呈味核苷酸关联物含量的变化。结果表明,12种呈味核苷酸关联物在33 min内有效分离。灭菌和冷藏均能抑制雪菜贮藏期间感官品质和呈味核苷酸关联物的劣化,且灭菌冷藏组合的效果最佳,M-4组雪菜中三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate,ATP)和肌苷酸含量在第60天仍分别是初始值的29.7%和66.4%,且感官品质合格。雪菜在(25±5)℃贮藏期间与ATP相关的核苷酸关联物总量呈先增加后迅速降低的趋势,其中J-25组雪菜仅有9 d的感官合格期。灭菌和冷藏能够有效抑制雪菜中核酸代谢的呈味核苷酸(腺苷酸、鸟苷酸、胞苷酸、尿苷酸)在贮藏期内的变化,M-4组雪菜中这4种核苷酸总量在贮藏末期仍有4.30 mg/100 g。低盐雪菜中发酵微生物的代谢和较高的温度加快了呈味核苷酸关联物在贮藏期间的劣变,灭菌和冷藏有利于呈味核苷酸关联物的保持,研究结果可为低盐雪菜的加工和贮藏提供一定的理论支撑。