Many growth faults developed in the Dongying sag of the Jiyang depression of the Bohai Gulf basin, China. These normal growth faults consist of flower-like grabens in the hanging walls of the major faults, accompanied...Many growth faults developed in the Dongying sag of the Jiyang depression of the Bohai Gulf basin, China. These normal growth faults consist of flower-like grabens in the hanging walls of the major faults, accompanied by reverse dragging. The central structural belt is an important structural unit in the Dongying sag, and is divided into a series of small blocks by these faults. These internal blocks can be classified into five structural classes, including parallel blocks, arc-shape blocks, plume-like blocks, ring-radial blocks, and splay blocks. It is shown that these complicated block classes and the 'negative flower-like' fault associations in the central structural belt resulted from regional NNW-SSE extension accompanying local salt diapirism and related reverse dragging, rather than strike-slip faulting. On the basis of the diapirism strength, diapers in the central structural belt can be divided into lower salt ridges and pillows, and blind piercing structures. Diapirs are mainly composed of some salts with a little soft mudstone and gypsum. These structures began forming during deposition of the Sha 3 member and terminated during deposition of the Guangtao formation.展开更多
Mangerak salt diapir is in the South West of Firuz Abad in Fars province, southern Iran and structurally, it is exposed in the simple folded belt of Kohzad Zagros. This diapir, now, is located in a transtentional zone...Mangerak salt diapir is in the South West of Firuz Abad in Fars province, southern Iran and structurally, it is exposed in the simple folded belt of Kohzad Zagros. This diapir, now, is located in a transtentional zone in the overlapping parts of Koreh Bas right fault zone. The origin of this diapir is evaporative series of Hormuz, at the beginning of the Cambrian and ending Precambrian age. In this paper, we investigated tectonic structures around the salt dome of Mangerak. By promoting this salt dome, a variety of structures, such as marginal reverse faults, radial normal faults, folds and caves have been developed. In addition, many changes can be seen in the status line, and the amount and direction of the strata dip, thickness of rock units, and facies change, that all showed the downbuilding phenomenon in the diapir. The method was based on structural desert surveys and relevant measurements. The results show that salt domes above were rising during the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene, and pre-deformation of Zagros and in connection with basement Fault of Korebas, and probably, when sedimentation was in the Zagros basin, they have been exposed in the form of an island. Zagros deformation at the same time, the pressure released from the collision zone on the north side of the East and its wave motion, to the South West, exerts more pressure on the salt horizons and helps them to erupt. About Mangerak salt dome, which is exposed on the side of the Sayakh anticline axis and Basement fault of Korebas, two phenomena are effective in its exposing. Analytical modeling shows the life of the outcrop 31,000 years that this age is consistent with the effects of salt dome Neotectonic.展开更多
This study employs visible-near infrared and short wave infrared datasets of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER)to map salt diapirs and salt diapir-affected areas using Multi-Layer Pe...This study employs visible-near infrared and short wave infrared datasets of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER)to map salt diapirs and salt diapir-affected areas using Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP)in the Zagros Folded Belt,Iran,and introduces the role of earth observation technology and a type of digital earth processing in lithological mapping and geo-environmental impact assessment.MLP neural network model with several learning rates between 0.01 and 0.1 was carried out on ASTER L1B data,and the results were compared using confusion matrices.The most appropriate classification image for L1B input to MLP was produced by learning rate of 0.01 with Kappa coefficient of 0.90 and overall accuracy of 92.54%.The MLP result of input data set mapped lithological units of salt diapirs and demonstrated affected areas at the southern and western parts of the Konarsiah and Jahani diapirs,respectively.Field observations and X-ray diffraction analyses of field samples confirmed the dominant mineral phases identified remotely.It is concluded that MLP is an efficient approach for mapping salt diapirs and salt-affected areas.展开更多
The salt domes of the west Zanjan (Central Iran) are the most important structures in the study area. They have been formed by the uplifting and erosion together under low humidity and dry and warm climate condition. ...The salt domes of the west Zanjan (Central Iran) are the most important structures in the study area. They have been formed by the uplifting and erosion together under low humidity and dry and warm climate condition. The salt rocks with near to 200 meters thickness are related to lower member of the Upper Red Formation (Early Miocene) that deposited in the inverted back arc basin. They have been formed in the Central Iran basin after the Arabian-Eurasian convergence. Based on filed works and preparation of geologic map, salt domes have been cropped out during regional uplifting and erosion along hinge zone of a longitudinal anticline. Also, there is no evidence for salt diapirism and so, they are different from some salt diapirs in the southwestern margin of Zanjan that is investigated by other researchers.展开更多
Iran has a various salt structures that their tectonic geomorphology is subject of this paper. Geologic situation of salt structures in Iran have determinate. According to age and geological setting of salt deposits t...Iran has a various salt structures that their tectonic geomorphology is subject of this paper. Geologic situation of salt structures in Iran have determinate. According to age and geological setting of salt deposits that revealed by tectonic geomorphology methods, salt structure provinces of the Central and Southern Iran have been distinguished. Also, critical concepts of salt diapirism in the Southern Iran and Central Iran salt basins have explained. Therefore, Central Iran’s salt diapirs have triggered by tectonic forces, but salt diapirism in the Southern Iran has triggered by halokinesis, then it has effected by tectonic forces, especially in Zagros fold and thrust belt.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.40002015the Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract No.KZCX1-07.
文摘Many growth faults developed in the Dongying sag of the Jiyang depression of the Bohai Gulf basin, China. These normal growth faults consist of flower-like grabens in the hanging walls of the major faults, accompanied by reverse dragging. The central structural belt is an important structural unit in the Dongying sag, and is divided into a series of small blocks by these faults. These internal blocks can be classified into five structural classes, including parallel blocks, arc-shape blocks, plume-like blocks, ring-radial blocks, and splay blocks. It is shown that these complicated block classes and the 'negative flower-like' fault associations in the central structural belt resulted from regional NNW-SSE extension accompanying local salt diapirism and related reverse dragging, rather than strike-slip faulting. On the basis of the diapirism strength, diapers in the central structural belt can be divided into lower salt ridges and pillows, and blind piercing structures. Diapirs are mainly composed of some salts with a little soft mudstone and gypsum. These structures began forming during deposition of the Sha 3 member and terminated during deposition of the Guangtao formation.
文摘Mangerak salt diapir is in the South West of Firuz Abad in Fars province, southern Iran and structurally, it is exposed in the simple folded belt of Kohzad Zagros. This diapir, now, is located in a transtentional zone in the overlapping parts of Koreh Bas right fault zone. The origin of this diapir is evaporative series of Hormuz, at the beginning of the Cambrian and ending Precambrian age. In this paper, we investigated tectonic structures around the salt dome of Mangerak. By promoting this salt dome, a variety of structures, such as marginal reverse faults, radial normal faults, folds and caves have been developed. In addition, many changes can be seen in the status line, and the amount and direction of the strata dip, thickness of rock units, and facies change, that all showed the downbuilding phenomenon in the diapir. The method was based on structural desert surveys and relevant measurements. The results show that salt domes above were rising during the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene, and pre-deformation of Zagros and in connection with basement Fault of Korebas, and probably, when sedimentation was in the Zagros basin, they have been exposed in the form of an island. Zagros deformation at the same time, the pressure released from the collision zone on the north side of the East and its wave motion, to the South West, exerts more pressure on the salt horizons and helps them to erupt. About Mangerak salt dome, which is exposed on the side of the Sayakh anticline axis and Basement fault of Korebas, two phenomena are effective in its exposing. Analytical modeling shows the life of the outcrop 31,000 years that this age is consistent with the effects of salt dome Neotectonic.
基金by the land Processes Distributed Active Center(LP DAAC),located at the US Geological Survey(USGS)Earth Resources Observation and Science(EROS)Center.
文摘This study employs visible-near infrared and short wave infrared datasets of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER)to map salt diapirs and salt diapir-affected areas using Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP)in the Zagros Folded Belt,Iran,and introduces the role of earth observation technology and a type of digital earth processing in lithological mapping and geo-environmental impact assessment.MLP neural network model with several learning rates between 0.01 and 0.1 was carried out on ASTER L1B data,and the results were compared using confusion matrices.The most appropriate classification image for L1B input to MLP was produced by learning rate of 0.01 with Kappa coefficient of 0.90 and overall accuracy of 92.54%.The MLP result of input data set mapped lithological units of salt diapirs and demonstrated affected areas at the southern and western parts of the Konarsiah and Jahani diapirs,respectively.Field observations and X-ray diffraction analyses of field samples confirmed the dominant mineral phases identified remotely.It is concluded that MLP is an efficient approach for mapping salt diapirs and salt-affected areas.
文摘The salt domes of the west Zanjan (Central Iran) are the most important structures in the study area. They have been formed by the uplifting and erosion together under low humidity and dry and warm climate condition. The salt rocks with near to 200 meters thickness are related to lower member of the Upper Red Formation (Early Miocene) that deposited in the inverted back arc basin. They have been formed in the Central Iran basin after the Arabian-Eurasian convergence. Based on filed works and preparation of geologic map, salt domes have been cropped out during regional uplifting and erosion along hinge zone of a longitudinal anticline. Also, there is no evidence for salt diapirism and so, they are different from some salt diapirs in the southwestern margin of Zanjan that is investigated by other researchers.
文摘Iran has a various salt structures that their tectonic geomorphology is subject of this paper. Geologic situation of salt structures in Iran have determinate. According to age and geological setting of salt deposits that revealed by tectonic geomorphology methods, salt structure provinces of the Central and Southern Iran have been distinguished. Also, critical concepts of salt diapirism in the Southern Iran and Central Iran salt basins have explained. Therefore, Central Iran’s salt diapirs have triggered by tectonic forces, but salt diapirism in the Southern Iran has triggered by halokinesis, then it has effected by tectonic forces, especially in Zagros fold and thrust belt.
