The Extremely Hot and Dry Climatic Events and Potash Enrichment in Salt Lakes of the Jiangling Depression, Jianghan Basin

Objective A total of 820 million tons of potash reserves are predicted to exist in the Palaeocene-Eocene of the Jianghan Basin. However, the basin history is still unclear concerning the potash enriching conditions and mechanism. The Well SKDI is the first exploration well drilled in the Paleogene of Jianghan Basin with continuous coring, which was implemented in the south-central Jiangling Basin in 2013. It is essential to study the Palaeocene-Eocene paleoclimate, to further constrain the extreme draught events and the potash forming conditions.

Distribution of wetlands and salt lakes in the Yadong region of Tibet based on remote sensing, and their geo-climatic environmental changes

Based on the 16 scenes GF-1 satellite multi-spectral remote sensing images,through the adoption of data processing methods including orthorectification,geometric rectification,data fusion and image mosaic,integrated with field surveys,the remote sensing interpretation signs for the inland wetland types have been built,and the remote sensing survey of inland wetlands in Yadong region has been initiated,with six types of inland wetlands recognized in Yadong region,namely permanent rivers,seasonal rivers,lakes,salt lakes,alpine meadows,and inundated land.The spatial distribution characteristics and the spreading rules of these wetlands have also been revealed.Based on full understanding of the overall characteristics of the inland wetlands in the Yadong region,using the three phases of TM images acquired in 1989,2003 and 2008 as well as the PMS2 data gathered by GF-1 in 2014,and the wide-range data(WFV3)gathered by GF-1 in 2020.As to the typical salt lakes,a long-time salt lakes transition study was carried out.The results show that the typical salt lakes in Yadong have been shrinking in the past three decades.The average annual shrinkage of Duoqing Co(Co means lake in Tibetan)was stronger than that of Gala Co,which are respective 87.30 hectares(usually short as ha;1 ha equals to 0.01 km^(2))/a and 24.20 ha/a;the shrinkage degree of Gala Co was higher than that of Duoqing Co,shrank by 59.27% and 35.73% respectively.Based on the remote sensing survey results and an integrated analysis of the predecessors’researchers,the reason for the shrinkage of the salt lakes is more inclined to geological factors.Geological process is manifested by a series of extensional faults at the bottom of the lake basin generated from tectonic activities,providing fluid infiltration channels,and inducing the eventual leakage of lake water to the lower strata.The result provides an important instance for understanding the evolution characteristics of wetlands and salt lakes in specific environment of the Tibetan Plateau.

The Role of Groundwater in the Salt Lakes in the Badain Jaran Desert,China

The Badain Jaran Desert is the second largest desert in China with tallest sand dunes on the earth.In contrast to the extremely dry climate,there are about 100 lakes spreading regularly over the depressions among high

The Exploitation and Comprehensive Utilization of Magnesium Resources in Salt Lakes of China

The changes of demand and market witnessed the continuous revolution and development in the world magnesium industry.Before the 1950s,the development of magnesium mainly attached to the military industry.

Separation Technologies of Potassium from Salt Lakes

1 Introduction Salt Lake,as a kind of chemical resources,has been attracted to many researchers,especially the resources of lithium.As reported,many kinds of brines exist in the world depending on the compositions of the brine.Based on the chemical composition the brines can be classified as the types of chloride,carbonate,sulfate.For different

Remarkable Species Diversity on Adjacent Salt Lakes in South Australia

Lakes Acraman,Gairdner,Harris and Everard are a cluster of large episodic salt lakes on Eyre Peninsula,South Australia.These lakes have a characteristic terrestrial invertebrate fauna including various spiders,

Radionuclides and mercury in the salt lakes of the Crimea

^99Sr concentrations, resulting from the Chernobyl NPP accident, were determined in the salt lakes of the Crimea （Lakes Kiyatskoe, Kirleutskoe, Kizil-Yar, Bakalskoe and Donuzlav）, together with the redistribution between the components of the ecosystems. The content of mercury in the waters of the studied reservoirs was also established. Vertical distributions of natural radionuclide activities （^238U, ^232Th, ^226Ra, ^210pb, ^40K） and anthropogenic ^137Cs concentrations （as radiotracers） were determined in the bottom sediments of the Koyashskoe salt lake （located in the south-eastern Crimea） to evaluate the long- term dynamics and biogeochemical processes. Radiochemical and chemical analysis was undertaken and radiotracer and statistical methods were applied to the analytical data. The highest concentrations of ^99Sr in the water of Lake Kiyatskoe （350.5 and 98.0 Bq/m^3） and Lake Kirleutskoe （121.3 Bq/m^3） were due to the discharge of the Dnieper water from the North-Crimean Canal. The high content of mercury in Lake Kiyatskoe （363.2 ng/L） and in seawater near Lake Kizil-Yar （364 ng/L） exceeded the maximum permissible concentration （3.5 times the maximum）. Natural radionuclides provide the main contribution to the total radioactivity （artificial and natural combined） in the bottom sediments of Lake Koyashskoe. The significant concentration of ^210pb in the upper layer of bottom sediments of the lake indicates an active inflow of its parent radionuclide-gaseous ^222Rn from the lower layers of the bottom sediment. The average sedimentation rates in Lake Koyashskoe, determined using ^210pb and ^137Cs data, were 0.117 and 0.109 cm per year, respectively.

Radiochemoecological Monitoring of the Salt Lakes of the Crimea

1 Introduction The salt lakes of the Crimea contain the practically inexhaustible sources of salts of sodium,magnesium,bromine and other chemical elements(Ponizovskii,1965),being the potential powerful raw materials base for the

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the

Intercalation Assembly and Chemical Product Engineering of Layered Intercalated Functional Materials Based on Efficient Utilization of Magnesium Resources in Salt Lakes

1 Introduction Magnesium salts are very important by-product of salt lake industry in West China.Nearly 200 million cubic meters of waste brine are released to the environment

Primary Production and the Hydrochemical Parameters of the Salt Lakes in the North-Western Part of the Crimea(Russia)

1 Introduction It is known that more than 300 lakes and lagoons are present in the Crimean Peninsula,which are divided depending on position to 7 groups:Perekop,Tarkhankut,Evpatoriyskaya,Khersonesskaya,lake on the mountainpastures,Kerch and Genicheskaya.Almost the all lakes,with the exception of the small freshwater lakes,which situated on mountain pastures of the Main ridge of

Hydrochemistry of Salt Lakes in Southeastern Transbaikalia(Russia) in the Time of Arid Phase of Climate Change at the Beginning of the XXI Century

1 Introduction In the south of Eastern Transbaikalia in the border area with China and Mongolia,there are at least 300 saline without outlet lakes.They are confined to the semi-arid zone Daurian steppes with pronounced continental salinization processes and are mostly located on the bottoms of the intermountain basins.Their origin is related to evaporative concentration of fresh waters lakes filling.

The World's Salt Lakes:Today and Tomorrow

The 12th International Conference on Salt Lake Research,which is organized jointly by International Society of Salt Lake and The Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,will be held on July 14–18,2014 in Langfang,Hebei Province,China.The conference themes focus on future and global salt lake sustainable research and development and will bring together international specialists in limnology,sedimentology,geology,geochemistry,biology,

Preface:Value and dynamics of salt lakes in a changing world

The statement that the world’s ecosystems are rapidly deteriorating due to human intervention and global warming is nowadays commonplace.Some of the ecosystems most heavily impacted are inland salt lakes.The salt lakes are among the most valuable and fascinating ecosystems on Earth,and their study has both basic scientifi c interest as well as applied aspects.

LITHIUM RESOURCES IN CHINA'S SALT LAKES & ITS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

This article gives an introductory exposition of the growing demands of lithium on the market against the background of current rapid S&Tprogress and booming economic development, the worldwide trend in the production of lithium salts and the rich lithium reserves in China’s salt lakes as well as the brilliant prospects for its exploitation in the future. The article proposes that a sustainable exploitation of the lithium trove from these salt lakes should be rooted in comprehensive utilization of the trove and take a long-term approach, emphasizing high value proliferation in developing quality lithium-based products. Also, it expresses some tentative ideas on building demonstration bases for all-round exploitation and utilization of the salt lake resources and the development of lithium cells.

Salt Lakes In Tibet

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A PROPOSAL FOR DEVELOPING CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF CHINA'S SALT LAKES

The author puts forward a proposal for developing chemistry and chemical engineering of China’s salt lakes on the basis of an investigation into exploitation and utilization of salt lake resources all over the world. It contains the subjects of setting up an engineering research center, mainly developing leading products, giving priority to the development of a chemical industry by using Qinghai salt lake resources, actively popularizing results, stressing basic research and systematic management.

Connections between Evaporite Deposition and Glacial Periods since the Middle Pleistocene in Salt Lakes in the Western Qaidam Basin, China

The Quaternary was the main evaporite deposition period in the Qaidam Basin(QB), but the correlation between the evaporite deposition period and the glacial period is still unclear. In this study, the research objects are primarily evaporite-bearing strata in a 461.58 m-long drill core in the QB. X-ray powder diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were applied to study the evaporite minerals, U-Th dating being applied to construct the ~(230)Th geochronological framework. Evaporite deposition from Marine Isotope Stage(MIS) 15 to MIS 4 in the borehole was reconstructed via mineralogical and geochronological data. The evaporite minerals are mainly halite(NaCl), mirabilite(Na_(2)SO_(4)·10H_(2)O), thenardite(Na_(2)SO_(4)) and gypsum(CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O). A total of 9 effective ~(230)Th data points, ranging from 492.5 ± 43.0 ka to 62.0 ± 11.9 ka, were obtained. The depositional age of the earliest halite layer in the borehole is 592.5–563.0 ka. There were mirabilite deposits in the QB during the cold glacial environment of MIS 6. During MIS 4, the study area desiccated, with mirabilite and halite being deposited. This study suggests that mirabilite is an indicator mineral for the glacial environment in the QB, while halite deposition does not correspond well to glaciation.

The Evolution of the Quaternary Salt Lakes in the Qaidam Basin

The paper discusses the distribution of Quaternary sediments, occurrence of saline minerals and phases of neotectonic movements and their manifestations in the Qaidam basin. The formation of four successive lacustrine terraces in Tertiary anticlinal zones in the western part of the basin was related to the neotectonic movements that took place 100 Ka ago, and the distribution of such terraces discloses, in a way. the evolutionary history of the Quaternary salt lakes. According to the distribution of the terraces coupled with the distribution of Quaternary sediments and features of salt deposition, four periods of Quaternary salt lake evolution in the basin may be distinguished, which correspond to four stages of salt deposition respectively.

Contrasting sources and enrichment mechanisms in lithium-rich salt lakes:A Li-H-O isotopic and geochemical study from northern Tibetan Plateau

Lithium(Li),a crucial mineral resource for modern high-tech industries,is notably abundant in the northern Tibetan Plateau,primarily within lithium-rich salt lakes.However,the exploration and development of these resources are hindered due to an incomplete understanding of their nature and origin.Here we present results from a comprehensive study on the hydrochemical parameters,whole-rock geochemistry,H-O isotopes,and Li concentrations in surface brine,river water,geothermal springs,and associated rocks from two representative lithium-enriched salt lakes,the Laguo Co(LGC)and Cangmu Co(CMC)in Tibet to understand the genetic mechanisms.Our water-salt balance calculations and H-O isotopic analysis reveal that Li in LGC and CMC primarily originates from the Suomei Zangbo(SMZB,~91%)and Donglong Zangbo(DLZB,~75%)rivers,respectively.It is estimated that the LGC and CMC took a minimum of 6.0 ka and 3.0 ka to accumulate their current lithium resources,respectively.The distinct geological characteristics reflect evolutionary differences between the two lakes,suggesting diverse lithium sources and enrichment processes.The high lithium ion concentration and light lithium isotope composition in the SMZB river waters indicate the genetic relationship with lithium-enriched geothermal springs in the Tibetan Plateau.Our results suggest that lithium in the LGC originates from lithium-enriched geothermal springs and is primarily supplied through the small-scale SMZB river.In contrast,the formation and evolution of CMC are influenced by the northern Lunggar rifts,receiving a prolonged and stable input from the DLZB,resulting in high lithium concentrations and isotopic values.The absence of lithium-enriched geothermal springs and the prevalence of silicate rocks in the CMC catchment suggest that lithium may be sourced from the weathering of silicate rocks,such as granitic pegmatite veins containing lithium-rich beryl,widely distributed in the upstream area of DLZB.The forward modeling approach,quantifying the contribution fractions of different reservoirs(atmospheric precipitation,silicate,carbonate,and evaporite),indicates that the distinct lithium concentrations in the mainstream(>1 mg/L)and tributaries(<0.1 mg/L)are positively correlated with the ratio of silicate contributions to carbonate contributions,suggesting that dissolved lithium in river waters primarily originates from the weathering and dissolution of silicate rocks.The distinct sources and enrichment mechanisms of lithium in these two salt lakes are attributed to various evolutionary processes,topographical features,hydrological factors,fundamental geological settings,and tectonic histories,despite their spatial proximity.Furthermore,our study highlights the significant role of rivers in the formation of young salt lakes,in addition to geothermal springs.