The paper compared the differences between above ground and underground biomass of four types of plants.The heavy metals(Cu,Zn,Cd,Cr,Pb,As,Hg)and nutrients(TN,TP)content in tissues of four maturity plants were detecte...The paper compared the differences between above ground and underground biomass of four types of plants.The heavy metals(Cu,Zn,Cd,Cr,Pb,As,Hg)and nutrients(TN,TP)content in tissues of four maturity plants were detected,and their enrichment coefficient and transfer coefficient were calculated.The results showed that Suaeda salsa had the largest concentrated capacity on Cu,Zn,Pb,As and Phragmites australis was larger on the Cd,Hg than other plants.Considering the purification of four plants,the effect on the restoration of heavy metal pollution was better if we harvested Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa.Four plants had a larger difference in absorption capacity of nitrogen and smaller absorption of phosphorus.Phosphorus uptake was significantly smaller than nitrogen.Harvesting Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa can reduce total nitrogen and phosphorus content of the wetland,while harvesting Spartina alterniflora and Typha orientalis can reduce total phosphorus content.展开更多
In this study, we examined the influence of changes in the degree and frequency of disturbance in estuarine tidal flats on the annual salt marsh plant communities (Suaeda maritima, Artemisia fukudo) in Mie Prefecture,...In this study, we examined the influence of changes in the degree and frequency of disturbance in estuarine tidal flats on the annual salt marsh plant communities (Suaeda maritima, Artemisia fukudo) in Mie Prefecture, Japan. Suaeda maritima and Artemisia fukudo communities occur in the branch river of the Kushida River. Although the areas occupied by these communities were very small in 2006, the Suaeda maritima community expanded significantly to 3609 m2 in 2008, and the Artemisia fukudo community expanded significantly to 2726 m2 in 2008 and 10,396 m2 in 2010. Before the onset of the investigation period in 2006, the overflow warning water level (3.5 m) and the flood fighting corps standby water level (3.0 m) each occurred on one day in August 2004 and October 2004, respectively;at those times, the water volume exceeded 1000 m3·s-1 and 1500 m3·s-1, respectively. We suggest that because much of the estuarine tidal flat erodes when the water volume exceeds 1000 m3·sǃ, the establishment of the Suaeda maritima and Artemisia fukudo communities is delayed until sufficient substrate is formed by the deposition of new sediment. In contrast, a water level of 2 - 3 m was observed on one day each in 2005, 2007 and 2009, with average water volumes of 488.5, 566.4 and 690.1 m3·s-1, respectively. We suggest that following the repeated disturbances caused by water levels of 1 - 3 m and flow volumes of 500 - 700 m3·s-1 over the bare ground exposed after flooding and erosion, Suaeda maritima is a pioneer species that colonizes on bare ground deposited by sediment transported from upstream and the sea during high tides, and following the same level of disturbance, Artemisia fukudo is secondary colonizer that has germinated and grown on the sediment deposited on the Suaeda maritima community.展开更多
Aims Salt marsh vegetation is an important contributor of dissolved organic matter(DOM)to coastal waters.The dynamics of DOM leaching from different marsh plants,however,have not been well studied or compared.Methods ...Aims Salt marsh vegetation is an important contributor of dissolved organic matter(DOM)to coastal waters.The dynamics of DOM leaching from different marsh plants,however,have not been well studied or compared.Methods In this study,we conducted laboratory experiments to investigate the processes of DOM leaching from three common marsh plants(Phragmites australis,Suaeda salsa and Aeluropus littoralis)collected from the Yellow River Delta(YRD)salt marsh in October 2016.The YRD is one of the largest and most well-protected coastal ecosystems on the east coast of China.Important Findings We found that the plant leaves released DOM at much higher concentrations than the plant roots or stems,as measured by the dissolved organic carbon(DOC)and dissolved nitrogen(DN).On average,15%of the biomass C and 30%of the biomass N were released from the plant leaves as DOC and DN during the 27-day incubation period.The DOM released from the plants was very labile,and 92.4%-98.1%of the DOC and 88.0%-94.6%of the DN released from the plants were consumed by bacteria during the 27-day incubation period.The fluorescence characteristics of the plant-released DOM indicated that chromophoric dissolved organic matter was a major fraction of the DOM and that protein-like components were the primary organic fractions released from the plants.Bacterial degradation altered both the fluorescence properties and the chemical composition of the DOM.The results of the laboratory experiments were well supported by the field investigation,which indicated that a large amount of DOM was outwelled from the YRD salt marshes in late autumn.Our study suggests that the DOM released from the biomass of salt marsh plants provides an important source of both DOC and DN for marsh and coastal waters.The highly labile DOC and DN provide essential food sources to support microbial communities in the YRD salt marsh and adjacent coastal waters.展开更多
Plant invasion alters the fundamental structure and function of native ecosystems by affecting the biogeochemical pools and fluxes of materials and energy. Native(Suaeda salsa) and invasive(Spartina alterniflora) salt...Plant invasion alters the fundamental structure and function of native ecosystems by affecting the biogeochemical pools and fluxes of materials and energy. Native(Suaeda salsa) and invasive(Spartina alterniflora) salt marshes were selected to study the effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on soil organic carbon(SOC) contents and stocks in the Yellow River Delta. Results showed that the SOC contents(g/kg) and stocks(kg/m^2) were significantly increased(P < 0.05) after Spartina alterniflora invasion of seven years, especially for the surface soil layer(0–20 cm). The SOC contents exhibited an even distribution along the soil profiles in native salt marshes, while the SOC contents were gradually decreased with depth after Spartina alterniflora invasion of seven years. The natural ln response ratios(Ln RR) were applied to identify the effects of short-term Spartina alterniflora invasion on the SOC stocks. We also found that Spartina alterniflora invasion might cause soil organic carbon losses in a short-term phase(2–4 years in this study) due to the negative Ln RR values, especially for 20–60 cm depth. And the SOCD in surface layer(0–20 cm) do not increase linearly with the invasive age. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that silt + clay content was exponentially related with SOC in surface layer(Adjusted R^2 = 0.43, P < 0.001), suggesting that soil texture could play a key role in SOC sequestration of coastal salt marshes.展开更多
In this study, we compared and analysed vegetation communities in the estuarine tidal flats of the four major rivers of Ise Bay (Suzuka River, Tanaka River, Kushida River and Miya River) in Mie Prefecture, Japan. Alon...In this study, we compared and analysed vegetation communities in the estuarine tidal flats of the four major rivers of Ise Bay (Suzuka River, Tanaka River, Kushida River and Miya River) in Mie Prefecture, Japan. Along the Suzuka River, Eragrostis curvula of the exotic plant accounted for 60.0% or more of the entire surface area, and the plant volume was high. Along the Tanaka River, Suaeda maritima community occupied the sand-mud zone in the vicinity of the shoreline on gravel bars, while Phragmites australis community was distributed along a shallow lake upstream. In the Kushida River, a salt marsh plant community (a community type found in areas flooded at high tide) of Suaeda maritima, Phragmites australis and Artemisia fukudo was distributed on the sand-mud surface along the main river. A salt marsh plant community (a community type found in areas that do not flood at high tide) of Phacelurus latifolius accounted for least 50.0% of the entire surface area. Along the Miya River, the area covered by the annual salt marsh plant community type was larger than the area occupied by this community type along the other rivers. The flow volume of the Miya River was high in April, June and August-October of 2006, July and September of 2007 and April-June of 2008. The flow volume was especially high in July 2007, when it reached levels above 1500.0 m3/s;change in flow volume was also large. We suggest that a large-scale disturbance occurred in the estuary, resulting in the formation of a gravelly sandy surface where an annual salt marsh plant community of Suaeda maritime and Artemisia fukudo has been established and grown as the annual precipitation and catchment volume of the basin have increased.展开更多
基金Supported by Oceanic Scientific Research Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry(200905009-5,200805070)
文摘The paper compared the differences between above ground and underground biomass of four types of plants.The heavy metals(Cu,Zn,Cd,Cr,Pb,As,Hg)and nutrients(TN,TP)content in tissues of four maturity plants were detected,and their enrichment coefficient and transfer coefficient were calculated.The results showed that Suaeda salsa had the largest concentrated capacity on Cu,Zn,Pb,As and Phragmites australis was larger on the Cd,Hg than other plants.Considering the purification of four plants,the effect on the restoration of heavy metal pollution was better if we harvested Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa.Four plants had a larger difference in absorption capacity of nitrogen and smaller absorption of phosphorus.Phosphorus uptake was significantly smaller than nitrogen.Harvesting Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa can reduce total nitrogen and phosphorus content of the wetland,while harvesting Spartina alterniflora and Typha orientalis can reduce total phosphorus content.
文摘In this study, we examined the influence of changes in the degree and frequency of disturbance in estuarine tidal flats on the annual salt marsh plant communities (Suaeda maritima, Artemisia fukudo) in Mie Prefecture, Japan. Suaeda maritima and Artemisia fukudo communities occur in the branch river of the Kushida River. Although the areas occupied by these communities were very small in 2006, the Suaeda maritima community expanded significantly to 3609 m2 in 2008, and the Artemisia fukudo community expanded significantly to 2726 m2 in 2008 and 10,396 m2 in 2010. Before the onset of the investigation period in 2006, the overflow warning water level (3.5 m) and the flood fighting corps standby water level (3.0 m) each occurred on one day in August 2004 and October 2004, respectively;at those times, the water volume exceeded 1000 m3·s-1 and 1500 m3·s-1, respectively. We suggest that because much of the estuarine tidal flat erodes when the water volume exceeds 1000 m3·sǃ, the establishment of the Suaeda maritima and Artemisia fukudo communities is delayed until sufficient substrate is formed by the deposition of new sediment. In contrast, a water level of 2 - 3 m was observed on one day each in 2005, 2007 and 2009, with average water volumes of 488.5, 566.4 and 690.1 m3·s-1, respectively. We suggest that following the repeated disturbances caused by water levels of 1 - 3 m and flow volumes of 500 - 700 m3·s-1 over the bare ground exposed after flooding and erosion, Suaeda maritima is a pioneer species that colonizes on bare ground deposited by sediment transported from upstream and the sea during high tides, and following the same level of disturbance, Artemisia fukudo is secondary colonizer that has germinated and grown on the sediment deposited on the Suaeda maritima community.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants#41776082 and 41476057)Funds of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Jiangsu Ocean University(HS2019005)the Funds of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment(SH20191205)and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘Aims Salt marsh vegetation is an important contributor of dissolved organic matter(DOM)to coastal waters.The dynamics of DOM leaching from different marsh plants,however,have not been well studied or compared.Methods In this study,we conducted laboratory experiments to investigate the processes of DOM leaching from three common marsh plants(Phragmites australis,Suaeda salsa and Aeluropus littoralis)collected from the Yellow River Delta(YRD)salt marsh in October 2016.The YRD is one of the largest and most well-protected coastal ecosystems on the east coast of China.Important Findings We found that the plant leaves released DOM at much higher concentrations than the plant roots or stems,as measured by the dissolved organic carbon(DOC)and dissolved nitrogen(DN).On average,15%of the biomass C and 30%of the biomass N were released from the plant leaves as DOC and DN during the 27-day incubation period.The DOM released from the plants was very labile,and 92.4%-98.1%of the DOC and 88.0%-94.6%of the DN released from the plants were consumed by bacteria during the 27-day incubation period.The fluorescence characteristics of the plant-released DOM indicated that chromophoric dissolved organic matter was a major fraction of the DOM and that protein-like components were the primary organic fractions released from the plants.Bacterial degradation altered both the fluorescence properties and the chemical composition of the DOM.The results of the laboratory experiments were well supported by the field investigation,which indicated that a large amount of DOM was outwelled from the YRD salt marshes in late autumn.Our study suggests that the DOM released from the biomass of salt marsh plants provides an important source of both DOC and DN for marsh and coastal waters.The highly labile DOC and DN provide essential food sources to support microbial communities in the YRD salt marsh and adjacent coastal waters.
基金Under the auspices of the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC0505906)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51639001,51379012)the Interdiscipline Research Funds of Beijing Normal University
文摘Plant invasion alters the fundamental structure and function of native ecosystems by affecting the biogeochemical pools and fluxes of materials and energy. Native(Suaeda salsa) and invasive(Spartina alterniflora) salt marshes were selected to study the effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on soil organic carbon(SOC) contents and stocks in the Yellow River Delta. Results showed that the SOC contents(g/kg) and stocks(kg/m^2) were significantly increased(P < 0.05) after Spartina alterniflora invasion of seven years, especially for the surface soil layer(0–20 cm). The SOC contents exhibited an even distribution along the soil profiles in native salt marshes, while the SOC contents were gradually decreased with depth after Spartina alterniflora invasion of seven years. The natural ln response ratios(Ln RR) were applied to identify the effects of short-term Spartina alterniflora invasion on the SOC stocks. We also found that Spartina alterniflora invasion might cause soil organic carbon losses in a short-term phase(2–4 years in this study) due to the negative Ln RR values, especially for 20–60 cm depth. And the SOCD in surface layer(0–20 cm) do not increase linearly with the invasive age. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that silt + clay content was exponentially related with SOC in surface layer(Adjusted R^2 = 0.43, P < 0.001), suggesting that soil texture could play a key role in SOC sequestration of coastal salt marshes.
文摘In this study, we compared and analysed vegetation communities in the estuarine tidal flats of the four major rivers of Ise Bay (Suzuka River, Tanaka River, Kushida River and Miya River) in Mie Prefecture, Japan. Along the Suzuka River, Eragrostis curvula of the exotic plant accounted for 60.0% or more of the entire surface area, and the plant volume was high. Along the Tanaka River, Suaeda maritima community occupied the sand-mud zone in the vicinity of the shoreline on gravel bars, while Phragmites australis community was distributed along a shallow lake upstream. In the Kushida River, a salt marsh plant community (a community type found in areas flooded at high tide) of Suaeda maritima, Phragmites australis and Artemisia fukudo was distributed on the sand-mud surface along the main river. A salt marsh plant community (a community type found in areas that do not flood at high tide) of Phacelurus latifolius accounted for least 50.0% of the entire surface area. Along the Miya River, the area covered by the annual salt marsh plant community type was larger than the area occupied by this community type along the other rivers. The flow volume of the Miya River was high in April, June and August-October of 2006, July and September of 2007 and April-June of 2008. The flow volume was especially high in July 2007, when it reached levels above 1500.0 m3/s;change in flow volume was also large. We suggest that a large-scale disturbance occurred in the estuary, resulting in the formation of a gravelly sandy surface where an annual salt marsh plant community of Suaeda maritime and Artemisia fukudo has been established and grown as the annual precipitation and catchment volume of the basin have increased.
