Effects of Ecological Restoration of Mangrove Wetlands Using Native Mangrove Species to Replace Spartina alterniflora: A Case Study in Southern China

Within the expanse of China’s coastline, the invasive alien cordgrass species Spartina alterniflora has caused profound nationwide damage and has emerged as a critical factor contributing to the degradation of mangrove wetlands, especially in the study area in Beihai, Guangxi. However, current treatments for S. alterniflora remain less effective and limited research focuses on the preliminary changes after artificial plantation. A comprehensive approach combining physical interventions with biological control measures has been employed to eradicate smooth cordgrass and facilitate the restoration of native mangrove wetlands. The study involved the periodic monitoring of the growth conditions of mangroves and the biodiversity of avian and benthic organisms, conducted at three to four-month intervals following the artificial plantation with one-year-old seedlings and propagules of native mangrove species Rhizophora stylosa. Results indicated that through the allometric equation, the above-ground biomass of planted seedlings had a ~20 g increase in average but the growth conditions were not significant over an eight-month period. High percentage of important avian species underlined the potential of the study site to serve as a worthwhile habitat and notable seasonal variations were observed in the biodiversity of bird species. Biodiversity indices of bird and benthos species also followed a similar fluctuation and reached a peak in April 2023. This research underscores the initial lack of distinct improvements during the early stages of the ecological restoration project, thorough maintenance, long-term monitoring, holistic considerations on a larger scale would be imperative for ongoing projects in the future.

Spatio-temporal variation of water salinity in mangroves revealed by continuous monitoring and its relationship to floristic diversity

Salinity is among the most critical factors limiting the growth and species distribution of coastal plants.Water salinity in estuarine ecosystems varies temporally and spatially,but the variation patterns across different time scales and salinity fluctuation have rarely been quantified.The effects of salinity on floristic diversity in mangroves are not fully understood due to the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of salinity.In this study,we monitored water salinity at an interval of 10-min over one year in three mangrove catchment areas representing the outer part,middle part,and inner part respectively of Dongzhai Bay,Hainan,China.The number of mangrove community types and dominant mangrove species of the three catchment areas were also investigated.We found that the diurnal variation and dry-season intra-month variation in water salinity were driven by tidal cycles.The seasonal variation in water salinity was mainly driven by rainfall with higher salinity occurring in the dry season and lower salinity occurring in the wet season.Spatially,water salinity was highest at the outer part,intermediate at the middle part,and lowest at the inner part of the bay.The intra-month and annual fluctuations of water salinity were highest at the middle part and lowest at the outer part of the bay.The number of mangrove community types and dominant species were lowest at the outer part,intermediate at the middle part,and highest at the inner part of the bay.These results suggest that the temporal variation of water salinity in mangroves is driven by different factors at different time scales and therefore it is necessary to measure water salinity at different time scales to get a complete picture of the saline environment that mangroves experience.Spatially,lower salinity levels benefit mangrove species richness within a bay landscape,however,further research is needed to distinguish the effects of salinity fluctuation and salinity level in affecting mangrove species richness.

Two new free-living nematode species (Comesomatidae) from the mangrove wetlands in Fujian Province, China

Two new free-living marine nematode species from the mangrove wetlands of Fujian Province, China are identified and illustrated. Sabatieria conicoseta sp. nov. is characterized by its short conical somatic setae. There are 12-15 tubular pre-cloacal supplements and 12-15/Jm long straight gubernacular apophyses. Dorylaimopsis papilla sp. nov. is characterized by spicules which are 1.5-1.8 a. b. d, long with media cuticularized strip along entire spicules, and have a cephalated proximal end with small hooked. There are 16-18 small papillate precloacal supplements and 37-40 μm long dorso-caudal gubernacular apophyses.

Description of a Marine Nematode Hopperia sinensis sp. nov.(Comesomatidae) from Mangrove Forests of Quanzhou, China, with a Pictorial Key to Hopperia Species

A new free-living marine nematode species Hopperia sinensis sp. nov. from mangrove forests of Fujian Province, China, is identified and illustrated. Hopperia sinensis sp. nov. is characterized by its cephalic setae 2.4–2.8 μm long or 17%–20% head diameter, and amphids of 2.25–2.5 turns. Lateral differentiation appears with larger, more irregularly distributed dots behind 3–5 transverse rows of dots posterior to amphid. Buccal cavity is consisted of a shallow and weakly sclerotized cup-shaped portion with strongly sclerotized walls of 18–21 μm deep. There are three sclerotized and size-equally pointed teeth at the junction between the two parts. Spicules of 41–45 μm long are slightly curved with broadband velum and central strips at the proximal end. The gubernacula, with apparent lateral guiding pieces, are formed by one central tubular piece that is weakly sclerotized with 11–16 μm long dorso-caudally directed apophyses. There are 13–14 fine tubular precloacal supplements. Conico-cylindrical tail gradually tapers till pointed tail tip. Female is similar to male, but have a longer body and tail. Ovaries are opposed and outstretched, with anterior ovary to the left and posterior ovary to the right of the intestine. A pictorial key to all the valid known species in genus Hopperia is given.

Two New Free-Living Marine Nematode Species of the Genus Anoplostoma(Anoplostomatidae) from the Mangrove Habitats of Xiamen Bay,East China Sea

Two new species of free-living marine nematode from mangrove habitats in Xiamen Bay are identified.Anoplostoma tumidum sp.nov.is characterized by relatively short outer labial setae(0.86–1.00 h.d.),long tail(c 7.2–8.9,c' 8.3–10.5),an instinct swollen distal portion of slender spicule(Sc 94–101 μm),and well developed copulatory bursae without bursal papillae.A.tumidum sp.nov.differs from all valid species of genus Anoplostoma in copulatory apparatus of males with a distinct swollen distal portion of spicule,and a relatively obvious constriction of head.A.paraviviparum sp.nov.is characterized by relatively long outer labial setae(1.11–1.22 h.d.),and tail(c 6.6–8.5,c' 8.6–10.2);elongated spicules with distinct knob-like proximal and pointed distal ends(Sc 46–69 μm);distinct strip-like gubernaculum(length with 11–15μm);well developed copulatory bursae with precloacal papillae and post-cloacal papillae;and a distinct constriction of head.A.paraviviparum sp.nov.is similar to A.viviparum Bastian,1865,but differs in the reproductive mode of female and the constriction of head.

Variation in the Colonization of Artificial Substrates by Mangrove Root Fouling Species of the Port Royal Mangrove Lagoons in the Eutrophic Kingston Harbour, Jamaica

The aim of this study was to investigate temporal changes in mangrove root fouling species settled on artificial substrates in the mangrove zone of the Port Royal lagoons and to determine the effect of stress as part of a larger project to determine appropriate indicators of eutrophication in mangrove lagoons. Five Perspex? panels were suspended in the prop root zone at five contrasting stations within the Port Royal mangroves and the fouling organisms were monitored fortnightly using underwater digital photography. Nine taxonomic categories of epibionts were recorded of which the most prevalent group was the ascidians. Barnacles and hydroids were initially found to have established on the artificial substrates at all stations but were quickly replaced by ascidians and bryozoans at most. Species composition was similar between all stations by the end of the study, however, the dominant taxa were different. Sheltered lagoons like Fort Rocky lagoon (north and south) had a clear dominance of non-shelled species (ascidians and polychaetes) by the end of the study, while molluscs- bivalves and barnacles dominated Hurricane Refuge lagoon. This station, deemed to be experiencing greatest stress due to exposure to the eutrophic Kingston Harbour, also had the greatest proportion of shelled taxa represented in the epibiont biomass at the end of the study. Differences in biomass and species composition of root fouling species can therefore be used to indicate water quality in the mangrove lagoons.

Species diversity of birds in mangroves of Kundapura, Udupi District, Karnataka, Southwest Coast of India

We quantified species diversity of birds in mangroves at Kundapura from April-2010 to March-2013. We recorded 79 species of 36 families and 14 orders. Of these 71% are resident species, 22% are residential migrants and 8% are migratory. One endangered species, three near threatened species, and a few occasional visitors were re-corded. Species diversity and abundance of birds were greater during from October through May as there was availability of food, increased vegetation and the arrival of migratory birds. Minimum diversity was recorded from June through September owing to heavy rains, increased flow of water, limited availability of food and return of migratory birds.

Fishery Resources in Arid Zone Mangroves in Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat, Northwest Coast of India

The finfish and shellfish resources were assessed quantitatively and qualitatively in regard to their abundance in creek waters at three sites within a period of two years, fi＇om January 1999 to December 2000, in the western mangrove areas of Kachchh. The catch rate varied from 0.69 to 6.99kg·h^-1. It was low during monsoon （July to October）, which could be due to the freshwater-flow-induced salinity reduction in all the sites. Among 38 species recorded, 5 were shellfish and 33 were finfish. The spawning period of fishes was found to be during summer and early monsoon period （May to August）. Surface water temperatures varied from 17℃ to 37 ℃. Salinity values varied from 34 to 44 and the pH ranged between 7 and 8.9. Variation in dissolved oxygen content was from 3.42 to 5.85 mL L^-1. The high fishery densities in these semi arid mangrove creek areas were recorded during monsoon and early winter season.

Diversity and abundance of mangrove fiddle crabs, genus Uca(Decapoda, Ocypodidae) at a mangrove in Kema,North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Mangrove ecosystems are sites with high biodiversity of benthic fauna, and fiddler crabs(genus Uca) are common benthic fauna in mangroves. The North Sulawesi in Indonesia has a good condition of mangrove while the information of the fiddler crabs is still limited. Manual samplings were conducted in wet, dry and transient seasons at a mangrove in Kema, North Sulawesi to investigate the species composition, density and distribution pattern of fiddler crabs. A total of 168 individuals, subjected to eight species of genus Uca crabs were collected at the mangrove, with U. triangularis having the highest abundance and U. annulipes having the lowest abundance.The densities of fiddle crabs were 27.56 ind./m2, 32.89 ind./m2and 14.22 ind./m2at the seaward, middle and landward zones, respectively, and the density was higher in dry and wet seasons than in transient season.

Micronutrient input into a mangrove ecosystem in Jobos Bay,Puerto Rico,by the exotic green iguana Iguana iguana

Biological invasions are an important and growing component of global environmental change （Vitousek et al., 1996）. Hundreds of billions of dollars are lost each year to invasive species damage and management （Pimentel et al., 2001）. Scientists have responded by conducting research to understand the biology of the invasive species itself, in the hope that such information will allow effective control, and examining the impact of the invader on native taxa to determine the nature and magnitude of its effect.

Diversity and Chemical Composition of Weeds in Sand-Filled Mangrove Forest at Eagle Island, Niger Delta, Nigeria

Mangroves are habitat specific and grow mainly in swampy soil, but due to anthropogenic activities (e.g. sand mining) other species had encroached into their habitat. It is thus hypothesized that change in species diversity will lead to change in soil chemistry. In a 40 m × 90 m plot, diversity index (H) and importance value (Iv) of weed were estimated. Soil and weed samples were collected and analyzed for total hydrocarbon content (THC), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd). All samples were analyzed with atomic absorption spectrophotometric method using the HACH DR 890 calorimeter (wavelength 420 nm). The result shows that swampy soils were more acidic (3.1 - 3.5) than sandy soils (4.2 - 4.7). Swampy soil was also more saline and thus has higher conductivity (8320 - 9880 μS/cm) than sandy soil (4320 - 5650 μS/cm). Mangrove swamp had higher total organic carbon (TOC) (2.25% - 3.41%) than sandy soil (0.12% - 0.21%). There was a significant difference in THC and heavy metals in soil (F8,63 = 2.04, P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in THC and heavy metals in plant species (F8,63 = 247.0, P > 0.05). Concentration of THC and heavy metal was higher in plant than in soil. Reissantia indica, an aquatic weed, had the highest concentration of THC in root soil. A total of fifteen (15) weed species were identified, out of which Mariscus longibracteatus had the highest diversity (-0.366) followed by Mariscus ligularis (-0.339) and Paspalum vaginatum (-0.270). Similarly, M. longibracteatus had the highest importance value in the study site (Iv = 58.24). This result implies that the presence of weed species in mangrove forest is an indicator of human disturbance of the ecosystem. It also means that the weeds were bioaccumulating THC and heavy metals present in the soil.

Assessing the Potential of Mangrove Educotourism to Marine Protected Area: A Case of Tioman and Tulai Islands, Pahang, Malaysia

Mangroves composition and species are richly diverse in Tioman and Tulai Island. A total of 23 mangrove species have been found consisting of exclusive and non-exclusive species in Kg. Juara, Kg. Nipah, Kg. Paya, Kg. Genting and Tulai Island. The abundance mangrove species are Rhizophora X lamarckii, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata and Brugueira gymnorrhiza. From supervised classification, total of 59.90 hectares mangrove covers have been identified in both islands, with 86.49% in Tioman Island (52.76 hectares) and 13.51% in Tulai Island (7.14 hectares). A new hybrid species has been found (Rhizophora X lamarckii) dominated in Tulai Island, combination between Rhizophora stylosa and Rhizophora apiculata. At the mean time only mangrove area in Teluk Bakau, Tulai Island is considered as the focal destination of tourists to the area. However, other mangrove areas in Tioman Island are also potential to be promoted as tourist destination areas. Although the mangrove area is only a part of the scenery, its presence obviously enhances tourist attraction. The basic facilities such as information counter, walking trails, garbage boxes and toilets are considered necessary. The main information panel and site map should be provided on the mangrove sites. Boardwalks may be constructed for visitor to access the mangrove area without destroying the root system and stand. The actual site of these facilities and on-site information guides should be strategically placed in order to provide beneficial information and as well as to sustain the biophysical stability of the sites. Since mangroves provide various important functions in nature, it hopes that the mangrove educotourism activity will influence the people and community’s attitudes to the environment, conservation and sustainable development in a very positive way.

Aboveground Blue Carbon Stock Assessment of Bakhawan Eco-Park Mangrove Plantation in New Buswang, Kalibo, Aklan, the Philippines

The purpose of this study was to determine the aboveground biomass density, blue carbon stock, and monetary value of the mangroves at Bakhawan Eco-Park Mangrove Plantation in New Buswang, Kalibo, Aklan. There were 21, 45 × 45-meter sampled plots established, equivalent to 5% sampling intensity of the plantation’s total area. The number of sample plots was distributed in proportion to the area of the plantation in the specific year it was established. The quadrant and random sampling methods were used. All trees in a quadrant were identified, and the biomass density was calculated using the wood density of various mangrove species. Carbon stock was calculated by multiplying the biomass density by 0.46 or 0.5. The monetary value of C was calculated using the benefits transfer method at $5/ton. The results showed that the plantation established in 1990 had the highest biomass density (Mg/ha) and carbon stock (Mg/ha) with 132 Mg/ha and 66.02 Mg/ha, while the plantation established in 2015 had the lowest biomass density and carbon stock (Mg/ha) with 69.98 Mg/ha and 34.99 Mg/ha. Overall, the estimated total monetary value of Bakhawan Eco-Park of 250 hectares mangrove plantation in New Buswang, Kalibo, Aklan is PhP 2994771.63.

Review on Possible Factors for Outbreak of Wood Boring Isopod, Sphaeroma spp. Which Causes Destructive Impact on Mangrove Forest in China

The tropical and subtropical mangrove biomes form the foundation of a highly productive and biologically rich ecosystem providing essential goods and services to human beings. Despite its values, the stability and survival of mangroves are consistently threatened by anthropogenic activities and their associated degradation, resulting in their disappearance. After realizing their ecological importance, in recent years, rehabilitation and restoration programs for mangrove forests have been launched globally. Unfortunately, most mangrove restoration efforts yielded negative results and failed to re-establish mangrove forests because of technical and social failures. Besides, the continued outbreak of wood borer, Sphaeroma spp., in mangrove forests has become one of the destructive causes of natural and restored mangrove forests in some nations including China. However, few studies on the biology of Sphaeroma spp. found in Chinese mangrove ecosystem have been done, and little is known concerning the factors affecting their outbreak in China. In this review, we discussed the possible factors that affect the rapid growth and recruitment of Sphaeroma spp. in the mangrove ecosystem by examining the information of the wood borer Sphaeroma spp. from the scattered pieces of literature with great regard. We discussed the relationship between the recruitment of Sphaeroma spp. and the tide and flow of water, food availability from the surrounding water and water quality including salinity, temperature, and the pollution of water. In addition to these factors, the reduced biodiversity of restored mangrove forest could be one of the main reasons for the outbreak of isopod. We also discussed the destructive impact of the isopod’s outbreak and the possible ways to control their outbreak in mangrove forest.

Fish Assemblages in the Degraded Mangrove Ecosystems of the Coastal Zone, Benin, West Africa: Implications for Ecosystem Restoration and Resources Conservation

Mangrove forests are unique habitats in their function as potential food source and nurseries, and support an important fisheries resource. In the Benin coastal zone, the mangrove fishes have been surveyed to investigate fish species diversity, community structures and ecosystem degradation impacts in order to protect and to improve the mangrove fish resources. Results from wet, high-water and dry season samplings revealed that the two dominant mangrove species, Rizophora racemosa and Avicennia africana, are being intensively degraded for domestic use such as firewood and house building. Fifty one (51) fish species belonging to 25 families were recorded with Eleotridae (7 species), Cichlidae (5 species), and Mugilidae (5 species), the most speciose families. Dominant trophic guilds were detritivores (54.57%) and planktinovores/microcarnivores (30.41%). Six (6) species, Sarotherodon melanotheron, Dormitator lebretonis, Gerres melanopterus, Hemichromis fasciatus, Ethmalosa fimbriata, and Aplocheilichthys spilauchen, dominated the samples and accounted for about 80.27%. Sarotherodon melanotheron constituted the major dominant species and accounted numerically for about 29% of the total catches and 46.7% of the total biomass. The Margalef index of species richness ranged between 2.42 and 4.43, the Shannon-Weaver index of species diversity between 1.39 and 2.27, and the evenness between 0.50 and 0.62. Lower indices were observed for the highly degraded and the moderately degraded sites whereas higher indices were recorded for the less degraded and the restored sites. Species richness, species diversity and dominant species abundance were positively correlated with depth and transparency and negatively correlated with temperature. Multi-species fisheries dominate the coastal zone with Sarotherodon melanotheron, Dormitator lebretonis, Gerres melanopterus, Ethmalosa fimbriata, Liza falcipinus, Mugil sp. and Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, the major species in the commercial catches. In addition to the mangrove destruction, the hydro electrical dam have greatly modified the Mono River flooding regime, water quality and the fish composition of the Benin coastal lagoon system. An integrated approach of the mangrove resource management/conservation, including intensive mangrove restoration, management of key fish species, freshwater prawns (Macrobrachiun sp.), peneids shrimps, mangrove oysters (Crassostrea sp.), and crabs (Callinectes sp., Cardiosoma sp.), and habitat protection is required for ecosystem recovery and sustainable exploitation.

不同生长光强下8种红树植物幼苗叶片的光响应特征

为探讨红树植物光适应的生理生态策略,对6种真红树植物[无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)、秋茄(Kandelia candel)、木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)、桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)、老鼠簕(Acanthus ilicifolius)、卤蕨(Acrostichum aureum)]和2种半红树植物[银叶树(Heritiera littoralis)、黄槿(Hibiscus tiliaceus)]的1 a生幼苗在不同生长光强(自然光强的100%、45%、30%、10%)下的光合光响应特征进行了研究。结果表明,不同生长光强对红树植物光响应特征的影响因物种而异,遮荫显著提高了秋茄和木榄的最大净光合速率(P_(max)),而对其他红树植物的P_(max)没有显著影响;秋茄在45%光强下具有较高的P_(max),木榄的P_(max)则在45%和30%光强下显著高于其他2个处理。随着生长光强的下降,秋茄幼苗叶片的光饱和点显著上升,木榄、老鼠簕和卤蕨的光补偿点呈下降趋势,木榄和卤蕨的表观量子效率升高的同时暗呼吸速率下降。木榄、老鼠簕和卤蕨具有较强的耐荫性,适宜种植在光强较弱的林下;无瓣海桑、秋茄、桐花树、银叶树和黄槿则适宜作为中上层树种或在郁闭度较低的林下种植。

树种类型和潮滩高程对广东湛江高桥红树林碳储量的影响

红树林位于海洋与陆地的交界处,其高效的碳汇能力易受多方面因素的影响。文章通过分析植物生长指标、生物量、植被碳储量和土壤碳储量以及土壤容重等参数,研究了树种类型和潮滩高程对广东湛江高桥区红树林群落碳汇功能的单独作用和耦合效应。结果表明,高桥红树林的固碳总量为4.98×10^(10)g,碳密度为107.76×10^(6)g·hm^(-2),土壤碳积累是该红树林固碳的重要贡献。不同潮滩红树林的碳储量受树种差异的影响显著,且低潮滩的红树林碳储量显著高于高潮滩和中潮滩,而潮滩高程仅对无瓣海桑群落的碳储量具有显著影响。无论是植物碳库还是土壤碳库,中潮滩红海榄群落和低潮滩无瓣海桑群落的碳密度最高。红树群落的土壤有机碳含量在垂直方向分布均匀,各土层间无显著差异。在高潮滩和中潮滩,土壤有机碳含量的垂直分布受树种影响,大部分桐花树群落的土壤有机碳含量显著高于同土层的秋茄群落、白骨壤群落和无瓣海桑群落,而树种对低潮滩各土层有机碳含量无显著影响。虽然树种类型和潮滩高程可影响土壤容重与土壤有机碳含量间的作用关系,但线性拟合结果以负相关关系为主。

海南东寨港水鸟多样性的动态变化研究

为了解海南东寨港国家级自然保护区水鸟多样性的现状及其季节动态变化,以便为海南省的生物多样性保护管理提供科学依据,本研究于2021年1月-2022年12月,利用分区直数法对该保护区及周边区域的水鸟进行了为期2年的月度调查,并与该保护区以往的调查数据进行了对比分析.结果显示:本次调查共记录水鸟6目13科72种,总数量62 703只次;水鸟物种多样性的季节变化趋势由多到少依次为冬季、秋季、春季、夏季;不同生境的水鸟多样性存在明显差异,其中滩涂红树林和养殖塘是研究区2种最重要的鸟类生境.对比不同历史时期的调查结果,发现东寨港水鸟种类和数量以及优势种类发生了明显变化.建议海南东寨港国家级自然保护区今后应对水鸟资源开展长期调查和监测,制定有针对性的保护管理措施,并因地制宜地开展生态修复工作.

基于LUCC和景观格局变化的广西山口红树林湿地动态研究

本研究在2022年广西山口国家级红树林生态自然保护区(以下简称山口红树林保护区)实地调查数据的基础上,选取1987—2021年期间6个时相的遥感影像,利用面向对象的图像分类方法,解析土地利用/土地覆盖变化(land-use and land-cover change,LUCC)状况,并基于LUCC计算景观格局指数(landscapepatternindex,LPI),结合LUCC着重探索广西山口红树林保护区湿地变化过程及其重要影响因素。结果表明:从土地利用角度来看,研究区近35年间地类之间不断转换,其中耕地面积持续减少,米草滩和养殖坑塘大比例增长,米草滩主要侵占原沿海滩涂,养殖坑塘主要由林地和耕地转换而来;就景观角度来看:景观破碎度持续增加,连通性逐渐降低,景观形状逐渐变得复杂,地类演替变得频繁;Pearson相关性分析表明,沿海滩涂、米草滩和养殖坑塘的土地利用变化与景观指数之间存在极显著或显著的相关性。在过去35年中,山口红树林保护区经历了重大的土地利用变化,入侵物种(米草滩)和人为干扰(养殖坑塘)是影响该地区红树林湿地变化的主要因素,也是景观破碎度持续增加的主要成因;研究揭示了区域景观变化的影响因素,对典型红树林生态系统的环境管理和保护工作提供理论依据。

基于组合植被指数的红树林树种遥感分类与生物碳储量变化研究

红树林的物种结构对红树林生物碳储量有极大的影响,红树林生物碳储量是核算红树林碳汇能力的重要指标。本研究基于Sentinel-2多光谱影像,构建11种植被指数组合,针对茅尾海地区红树林优势种无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)和桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)训练了基于支持向量机(SVR)的分类模型,并使用In VEST模型计算了2019-2023年研究区红树林生物碳储量的变化情况。结果显示,红树林识别指数(MRI)与其他植被指数进行组合后能够显著提高无瓣海桑和桐花树的分类精度;2019-2023年,研究区无瓣海桑和桐花树的总生物碳储量持续增加,年均增长率为3.02%。由于光学影像无法准确区分无瓣海桑群落和无瓣海桑-桐花树混交群落,本研究结果对红树林混交群落中桐花树群落面积存在一定程度的低估;而在平陆运河工程建设过程中,应对茅尾海地区红树林采取必要的保护措施,并以其他省份红树林蓝碳碳汇交易项目为参考,促进广西蓝碳碳汇的开发利用。