Screening of Long Cowpea[Vigna unguiculata(L.)Walp.ssp.sesquipedialis]Varieties in Autumn in Hunan and Comparison of Various Comprehensive Evaluation Methods

[Objectives]The paper was to screen new varieties of long cowpea that are suitable for autumn cultivation in Hunan,as well as to develop a comprehensive evaluation method to assess their adaptability and performance.[Methods]A total of 48 long cowpea varieties were introduced,and a range of comprehensive evaluation methods was employed to assess these varieties through the collection and analysis of field data.[Results]The square Euclidean distance of 14 allowed for the classification of all varieties into eight distinct groups.Groups II,III,and V belong to the autumn dominant group within this region,while groups I and VIII belong to the intermediate group.Additionally,groups IV,VI,and VII belong to the autumn inferior group in this area.Through a comparative analysis of various comprehensive evaluation methods,it was determined that the common factor comprehensive evaluation,grey correlation method,and fuzzy evaluation method were appropriate for application in the selection of long cowpea varieties.Furthermore,the evaluation outcomes were largely consistent with the cluster pedigree diagram.[Conclusions]Through comprehensive index method,ten varieties demonstrating superior performance in autumn cultivation have been identified,including C20,C42,C29,C40,C3,C14,C18,C25,C15,and C47.The selected varieties exhibit several advantageous traits,such as a reduced growth duration,a lower position of initial flower nodes,a decreased number of branches,predominantly green young pods,elongated pod strips,thicker pod structures,an increased number of pods per plant,and higher overall yields.These characteristics render them particularly valuable for extensive cultivation.

Screening Test of Small Seedless Watermelon Varieties in Beijing Area

[Objectives]This study was conducted to select small seedless watermelon varieties with excellent quality and high yield suitable for planting in Beijing.[Methods]Under the conditions of facility cultivation in Beijing,a screening test was conducted on seven small seedless watermelon varieties for growth process,field traits,yield traits,fruit quality,and disease resistance.[Results]Varieties Mitong,Motong and Tianbao Xiaowuzi had a short growth period and relatively stable growth,and bore fruit easily,and their female flowers were closely spaced.Their yields exceeded 60000 kg/hm~2,ranking in the top three among all varieties.The fruit had a thin skin,a bright red flesh color,and a high mass fraction of soluble solids in the center.The flesh was tight or crispy,and tasted good.They also showed good disease resistance.Overall,they showed excellent comprehensive agronomic traits,and are thus suitable for facility cultivation in Beijing and its surrounding areas.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the upgrading of varieties and the increase in production and farmers'income in the suburbs of Beijing.

Early Screening of Rice Varieties with High Essential Amino Acids by Aseptic Seedling Method

With 5 rice varieties( Yifeng 3321,Yifeng 3315,Yifeng 3317,Yifeng 45,Yifeng 14-24) as the experimental objects,the aseptic seedling method was used to culture the rice seeds,and the HPLC was used to determine the content of amino acids in aseptic rice seedlings as well as the total content of 8 kinds of essential amino acids and the content of protein. And the content of protein and amino acids in the polished rice of 5 varieties was detected,and the analysis of variance was performed for screening of the varieties containing high essential amino acids. The rice with high essential amino acids could be produced to meet people's rice quality requirements. The analysis of variance indicated that there were significant differences( F = 39. 262,p = 0. 01) in the content of essential amino acids among 5 kinds of rice varieties. By the Duncan's multiple comparison,the differences among rice varieties were calculated to obtain screening results. The aseptic seedlings:Yifeng 3321(7. 268),Yifeng 3315(6. 395),Yifeng 3317(5. 698),Yifeng 45(5. 567),Yifeng 14-24(5. 190). Rice: Yifeng 3321(2.998),Yifeng 14-24(2. 627),Yifeng 3317(2. 611),Yifeng 3315(2. 503),Yifeng 45(2. 281). Based on the estimated human daily requirement of essential amino acids and amino acids requirement pattern,it was found that the polished rice of 5 varieties was up to standard.The variety with the highest content of essential amino acids was Yifeng 3317(3830 mg/100g),followed by Yifeng 3321(3770 mg/100 g).The results showed that the high quality rice variety in this experiment was Yifeng 3321.

Screening and Application of Oilseed Rape Varieties with High Yield and High Harvest Index

28 oilseed rape Pol CMS three-line hybrid combinations diallel-crossed were compared in the yield and harvest index and analyzed on the correlation between the experimental yields and harvest indexes in this study. The correlation coeffcient was only 0.365 4, lower than a signifcant level, which indicated that there was no signifcant positive （or negative） correlation between the economic yields and the harvest indexes in oilseed rape. Among them, 8 hybrid combinations including 7 with a harvest index〉0.30 and one with a harvest index〈0.27 increased signifcantly in the yields compared with the control, and then were screened for production experiment. Under different cultivation methods, all the 8 combinations had a stable harvest index, and the combinations with higher harvest indexes also had a stable performance in yields. An oilseed rape variety Fengyou 737 with higher yield and harvest index selected through a further screening was grown with the harvest indexhigher than 0.33 whether transplanted or directly seeded in Yangtze River Basin Demonstration Area, demonstrating stable high yields as well as good ecological adaptability. The combination of yield and harvest index in the study is conducive to breeding a new oilseed rape variety with stable yields and good tolerance to close planting.

Screening of Low Tar Flue Cured Tobacco Varieties

The main agronomic traits,economic traits,appearance quality,main chemical components,gas composition and physical parameters of 10 flue cured tobacco varieties were investigated in the experiment.And the field natural incidence of the main diseases was investigated.The results showed that main agronomic characters of the 10 varieties were in line with the breeding objectives,among which 5 varieties have good economic characters;5 varieties have good appearance quality;6 varieties have coordinated chemical composition and high potassium content;9 varieties have good smoke components and physical indicators.

Response of Salt-Tolerant Rice Varieties to Biocompost Application in Sodic Soil of Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Sodic soils have immense productivity potential, if managed through proper technology interventions. Biocompost is prepared by composting pressmud (a sugar industry byproduct) received from cane juice filtration and spent wash received from distilleries through microbial aerobic decomposition and can be used to reclaim sodic soils. Field experiments were conducted during the wet season of 2011 and 2012 to study the effect of incorporation of biocompost in sodic soil with four treatments: T1—Control, T2—Biocompost at 2 t ha-1, T3—Biocompost at 4 t ha-1 and T4—Biocompost at 6 t ha-1. The two promising salt tolerant rice varieties preferred by farmers, Narendra usar 3 and NDR 359 were used as test crops, which can produce yields ranging between 2-4 t ha-1 in soil having a pH range of 9.2 to 10.5. Among the different doses of biocompost tested, application of biocompost at 6 t ha-1 registered highest yields, enabled by a higher biomass, ear bearing tiller (EBT), and grain fertility in both varieties. Narendra usar 3 was more responsive to treatments even at lower doses of biocompost than NDR 359, but NDR 359 yielded slightly higher than Narendra usar 3 in all treatments. Soil health was also improved evidently on better fertility and low soil pH and EC at harvest. Thus, biocompost can be considered as a commercially viable, environmentally acceptable and practically enforceable option for improving the crop productivity and soil fertility status.

Screening Test of Rape Varieties in Pengxi

A comprehensive comparison test was conducted among 23 rape varieties to screen out some with high yielding potential, good main traits and suitability for promotion in Pengxi County. The results showed that Guohaoyou 8 and Guohaoyou 5 had medium plant height, compact plant type, low branching position, high pod- ding density, more grains per pod, good comprehensive characters, high yield and moderate growth period, and they were suitable for planting in Pengxi area in large areas.

Screening of Ratooning Rice Varieties Suitable for Ratooning Rice-Rape Cropping Planting Pattern in Ganfu Plain

[Objective] To screen ratooning rice varieties for the ratooning rice-rape cropping planting pattern in Ganfu Plain. [Method] The growth period, plant morphology, yield and its component of 11 varieties at the first and rebirth season were compared and analyzed. [Result] The ratooning rice varieties such as Heliangyou -1, Y Liangyou 6, Zhunliangyou 608 and Jingliangyouhuazhan were suitable for the production and application in Ganfu Plain. Heliangyou 1 and Zhunliangyou 608 showed the characteristics of early maturity, easy to achieve high yield and stable production. [Conclusion] It suggests that Heliangyou 1 and Zhunliangyou 608 should be selected as preferred varieties for the planting pattern of ratooning rice-rape cropping.

Screening of Red-flesh Small Watermelon Varieties for Substrate Cultivation in Spring Greenhouses

[Objectives] This study was conducted to screen small watermelon varieties suitable for spring greenhouses. [Methods] The field traits, yield traits, quality traits and commodity of 6 new red-flesh watermelon varieties were compared. [Results] "Jingmei 3 K" and "Sumeng No.5" had obvious advantages in quality traits, yield traits, and commodity traits. The yield reached 62 163.3 and 63 733.5 kg/hm2, respectively;the single melon weights reached 2.16 and 2.21 kg, respectively;and the central sugar content reached 13.2% and 13.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, the juice contents were high, and the taste was sweet and refreshing. They are suitable for planting under the condition of substrate cultivation technology. [Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for large-area substrate cultivation and production.

Evaluation and screening for resistance of some varieties(lines)to major diseases and insect pests of rice

During 1984-1988,2,231 varieties(lines)from International Rice Testing Program(IRTP)were evaluated and screened for resistance to riceblast(Bl),bacterial blight(BB),sheath blight

Comparative Test on New Small Watermelon Varieties with Red Flesh under Soilless Culture Conditions

In order to screen out the small watermelon varieties with red flesh suitable for soilless cultivation and to meet people's requirements of high-quality watermelons,comparative tests were conducted on 6 small watermelon varieties with red flesh under soilless culture conditions in 2018.Based on the data of field traits,yield traits,quality traits and commercial traits,the integrated results showed that ‘Chuanqi 2’ had good quality and high yield,and the overall performance was the best.

Comparative Study on Grain Cadmium Content and Yield in Different Rice Varieties

[Objectives] The rice varieties with a low cadmium (Cd) content and a high yield were screened to provide reference for further experiments on moderate and high Cd-contaminated soils and local promotion.[Methods] Under the soil condition of a Cd content of 0.58mg/kg,differences in agronomic traits such as grain Cd content,yield,number of effective panicles,number of grains per panicle and 1 000-grain weight of 26 different rice varieties such as Huanghuazhan,Y Liangyou 9918 and T You 109,were studied by pot experiment.[Results] Such six varieties as Xiangyou 109,Tianfengyou 316,C Liangyou 651,Y Liangyou 3218,Y Liangyou 9918 and T You 109 had a relatively higher yield and relatively lower Cd content,which was because that their traits including panicle length,number of effective panicles and 1 000-grain weight were superior to other varieties.The correlation analysis between plant Cd content and yield showed that there was a negative correlation between Cd content and yield in rice.[Conclusions] This study provides a theoretical basis for cultivating suitable varieties in this area.

Introduction and Selection of Salt-tolerant Wheat in Yellow River Delta

[Objective] This study was to screen a salt-tolerant wheat variety in Dongying, a city in the center of the Yellow River Delta with a large area of coastal saline soil. [Method] Total 9 salt-tolerant, stress-resistant and high-yielding wheat varieties （lines） were introduced, and they were cultivated in the saline soil with total salt content of 3-4 g/kg with Dekang 961 as the control. [Result] The yields of Jinan 18, Yanjian 14 and Shanrong 3 were all significantly higher than that of Dekang 961 （P〈0.05）. These three varieties （lines） all ripen before June 13 with moderate growth period that does not affect the seeding of next-season crop. [Conclusion] Jinan 18, Yanjian 14 and Shanrong 3 are suitable for planting in light and median saline soil in the Yellow River Delta.

Study on Selection of Wheat Varieties for Noodle Production in Hebei Province and Factors Affecting the Processing Quality

[Objectives]To screen out the specific wheat varieties for noodle production in Hebei Province and analyze the factors affecting the processing quality of noodle.[Methods]The quality characteristics of grains,flour and noodle of major medium gluten wheat varieties in Hebei Province were detected and analyzed.[Results]The sensory score of noodle is significantly positively correlated with wet gluten content of medium gluten wheat flour,and extensile length,cohesiveness,resilience,elasticity,gumminess,chewiness and extensile distance of TPA of noodle,and is significantly negatively correlated with softening degree.TPA of noodle can indirectly reflect sensory quality of noodle.[Conclusions]Han 7086,Xingmai 4,Liangxing 66,Shiyou 17,Heng 5229 and Liangxing 99 are suitable for producing high-quality noodle,and they can be used as noodle-specific varieties for promoting in Hebei Province.

水稻品种恶苗病抗性评价与筛选

为了探讨黑龙江省南部稻区水稻品种对恶苗病的抗性级别及水稻恶苗病田间发病情况,筛选水稻恶苗病抗性品种,采用芽期人工接种的方法,调查分析了60份常规粳稻田间恶苗病发病率。结果表明:不同水稻品种恶苗病田间发生程度不同,水稻恶苗病发病率范围为0.8%~39.9%,平均发病率14.6%,筛选到1个高抗水稻品种,26个抗性水稻品种,抗性品种共占73.3%,总体抗感比为11:4,黑龙江省南部水稻品种对恶苗病抗性存在品种间差异,生产上应该提倡种植抗性强的品种以防止病害发生,本研究为病害绿色防控以及水稻恶苗抗病育种提供一定依据。

不同熟期黄花菜品种引进筛选试验

以引进国内的11个黄花菜优良品种为试材,采用田间品种比较及室内检测的方法,研究了不同熟期黄花菜植物学性状、抗逆性指标及产量品质,筛选出适合宁夏中部干旱带栽培的不同熟期黄花菜品种,以期为宁夏黄花菜错期栽培提供参考依据。结果表明:“高山1号”和“四月白”叶长、叶宽在各个时期均大于其他品种,属于晚熟品种;“沙苑”“马莲”生物量均大于其他品种,属于中熟品种;“四月花”根冠比和丙二醛(MDA)含量最高,属于早熟品种;“大乌嘴”“四月花”“台东6号”和“高山1号”根系活力最强;“高山1号”可溶性糖含量和过氧化物酶(POD)活性最高;“大乌嘴”“冲里花”和“猛子花”超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性最高,“四月白”过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性最高。

适宜高钙环境的桑种质资源筛选

桑树是一种兼具经济效益和生态效益的树种,适宜在石漠化地区推广种植.高钙是石漠化地区土壤的重要特征之一,也是限制植物生长发育的主要因素之一.因此,了解我国大面积栽植的不同杂交桑品种的高钙耐受性,并筛选耐高钙胁迫的品种具有重要意义.以7个杂交桑品种幼苗为材料,研究不同桑树品种在高钙胁迫下的生理生化响应,并通过隶属函数法综合评价各品种的耐钙胁迫特性.结果表明:不同桑树品种在高钙胁迫下生长受到显著抑制,脯氨酸质量分数显著上升,而品种间抗氧化酶响应胁迫的模式存在差异.基于隶属函数值,聚类分析发现丰驰和桂桑优62为强高钙耐受品种,粤桑11和桂桑优12为中等高钙耐受品种,塘10×伦109、桂桑6和桂桑优2为高钙敏感品种.

基于主成分分析和聚类分析的鲜食大豆审定品种综合评价研究

为提升福建省鲜食大豆的生产效益与品种优化,本研究对2003—2022年间审定的22个鲜食大豆品种进行了系统性农艺性状分析。通过测定14个主要农艺性状,包括茎粗、采收日数、有效分枝数等,并运用遗传变异分析、相关性分析及主成分分析方法,揭示了性状间的显著相关性和变异规律。结果表明,14个主要农艺性状间存在着丰富变异,变异系数介于3.36%~24.65%之间。茎粗与采收日数呈极显著正相关;有效分枝数、底荚高度、二粒以上标准荚数与株高呈极显著正相关;有效分枝数、二粒以上标准荚数、平均单荚粒数、单株荚重与茎粗呈极显著正相关;单株有效荚数、二粒以上标准荚数与主茎节数呈极显著正相关;每kg标准荚数与标准荚长、鲜百粒重呈极显著负相关。主成分分析,荚产量因子、标准荚饱满度因子、株型因子、荚型因子、生育期因子、标准荚数因子等前6个主成分因子累计方差贡献率达89.15%,基本反映了22个品种原始数据的信息量,可以此构建综合评价模型筛选综合性状得分较高品种。利用类平均法在欧氏距离4.86处可将22个品种划分为5大类群,主成分综合得分较高品种大多处于第Ⅲ类群。通过综合分析评价,本研究筛选出了‘闽豆9号’、‘兴化豆5号’、‘闽豆10号’、‘交大11’、‘闽豆7号’、‘兴化豆1号’及‘兴化豆618’等7个品种供福建省鲜食大豆主要生产应用和育种亲本选择。本研究不仅丰富了福建省鲜食大豆品种的资源库,也为未来的品种改良和产业发展提供了科学指导。

勉县玉米-大豆带状复合种植玉米品种筛选试验

玉米-大豆带状复合种植技术目标是保证带状复合种植条件下玉米与单作相比不减产,增收一季豆。与玉米常规种植相比,种植的株行距变化较大,密度增加,玉米品种的株型、耐密性、抗逆性、丰产性等指标成为此项技术应用成功的前提。通过试验,“1.8m带型2+2模式”玉米-大豆带状复合种植玉米品种主推登海605、农科大8号和延科288,搭配种植五单2号、中金368。

日本口感型番茄品种引进及筛选

为丰富石家庄地区口感型番茄种植品种,满足消费者的多元化需求,引进了T Y902、T Y903、T Y904等8个口感型番茄新品种,进行新品种筛选试验。结果表明:1060为中果型番茄品种,果形近圆,果色粉红,可溶性固形物含量高(6.2%),口感佳,品质评分最高(9.2分),虽然667 m^(2)产量(6 498.4 kg)显著低于TY904、905、906和823,但与CK(6 210.6 kg)无显著差异,同时抗病毒病能力强,具有较好的商品性,适宜在石家庄地区作为口感型番茄推广种植;823番茄667 m^(2)产量较高(8 038.2 kg),仅低于906(8323.2kg),但显著高于CK,同时其硬度大、口感较佳、抗病毒病能力强,可作为菜用型番茄在石家庄地区推广种植。