The hedging problem for insiders is very important in the financial market.The locally risk minimizing hedging was adopted to solve this problem.Since the market was incomplete,the minimal martingale measure was chose...The hedging problem for insiders is very important in the financial market.The locally risk minimizing hedging was adopted to solve this problem.Since the market was incomplete,the minimal martingale measure was chosen as the equivalent martingale measure.By the F-S decomposition,the expression of the locally risk minimizing strategy was presented.Finally,the local risk minimization was applied to index tracking and its relationship with tracking error variance (TEV)-minimizing strategy was obtained.展开更多
BACKGROUND In malignant tumors,inflammation plays a vital role in the development,invasion,and metastasis of cancer cells.Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL),the most common malignant proliferative disease of the lym...BACKGROUND In malignant tumors,inflammation plays a vital role in the development,invasion,and metastasis of cancer cells.Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL),the most common malignant proliferative disease of the lymphatic system,is commonly associated with inflammation.The international prognostic index(IPI),which includes age,lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),number of extranodal lesions,Ann Arbor score,and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG)score,can evaluate the prognosis of DLBCL.However,its use in accurately identifying highrisk patients and guiding treatment is poor.Therefore,it is important to find novel immune markers in predicting the prognosis of DLBCL patients.AIM To determine the association between the systemic immune inflammation index(SII),ratio of lymphocytes to monocytes(LMR),ratio of LMR to LDH(LMR/LDH),and prognosis of patients with DLBCL.METHODS A total of 68 patients diagnosed with DLBCL,treated in our hospital between January 2016 and January 2020,were included.χ2 test,Pearson’s R correlation,Kaplan Meier curves,and Cox proportional risk regression analysis were used.The differences in the SII,LMR,and LMR/LDH among patients with different clinicopathological features were analyzed.The differences in progression-free survival time among patients with different SII,LMR,and LMR/LDH expressions and influencing factors affecting the prognosis of DLBCL patients,were also analyzed.RESULTS The LMR and LMR/LDH in patients with Ann Arbor stage III–IV,ECOG score≥2,and SII,IPI score 2–5 were significantly higher than those of patients with Ann Arbor stage I-II and ECOG score<2(P<0.05).Patients with high SII,LMR,and LMR/LDH had progression-free survival times of 34 mo(95%CI:32.52–38.50),35 mo(95%CI:33.42–36.58)and 35 mo(95%CI:33.49–36.51),respectively,which were significantly lower than those with low SII,LMR,and LMR/LDH(P<0.05);the SII,LMR,and LMR/LDH were positively correlated(P<0.05).Cox proportional risk regression analysis showed that the SII,LMR,and LMR/LDH were influencing factors for the prognosis of DLBCL patients(hazard ratio=1.143,1.665,and 1.704,respectively;P<0.05).CONCLUSION The SII,LMR,and LMR/LDH are related to the clinicopathological features of DLCBL,and they also influence the prognosis of patients with the disease.展开更多
Research on the diffusion characteristics of swells contributes positively to wave energy forecasting, swell monitoring, and early warning. In this work, the South Indian Ocean westerly index(SIWI) and Indian Ocean sw...Research on the diffusion characteristics of swells contributes positively to wave energy forecasting, swell monitoring, and early warning. In this work, the South Indian Ocean westerly index(SIWI) and Indian Ocean swell diffusion effect index(IOSDEI) are defined on the basis of the 45-year(September 1957–August 2002) ERA-40 wave reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) to analyze the impact of the South Indian Ocean westerlies on the propagation of swell acreage. The following results were obtained: 1) The South Indian Ocean swell mainly propagates from southwest to northeast. The swell also spreads to the Arabian Sea upon reaching low-latitude waters. The 2.0-meter contour of the swell can reach northward to Sri Lankan waters. 2) The size of the IOSDEI is determined by the SIWI strength. The IOSDEI requires approximately 2–3.5 days to fully respond to the SIWI. The correlations between SIWI and IOSDEI show obvious seasonal differences, with the highest correlations found in December–January–February(DJF) and the lowest correlations observed in June–July–August(JJA). 3) The SIWI and IOSDEI have a common period of approximately 1 week in JJA and DJF. The SIWI leads by approximately 2–3 days in this common period.展开更多
目的分析腰大肌指数(psoas major index,PMI)对弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,DLBCL)患者营养风险的预测价值。方法回顾分析西安交通大学第一附属医院血液内科2021年1月1日到2024年3月1日DLBCL收治入院的患者100例...目的分析腰大肌指数(psoas major index,PMI)对弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,DLBCL)患者营养风险的预测价值。方法回顾分析西安交通大学第一附属医院血液内科2021年1月1日到2024年3月1日DLBCL收治入院的患者100例。调取患者腹部影像资料,计算患者PMI。调取营养风险筛查相关资料,将患者依据营养风险筛查量表(NRS 2002)分为营养风险组和非营养风险组,比较两组患者间一般资料及PMI的差异,使用多因素二元Logistic回归分析DLBCL患者发生营养风险的影响因素,采用ROC曲线分析PMI对DLBCL患者营养风险的预测价值。结果营养风险组和非营养风险组间有无B症状(发热、盗汗、体重下降)、细胞起源、国际预后指数(IPI)评分、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、淋巴细胞计数(LY)、身体质量指数(BMI)、PMI均存在统计学差异(P<0.05),细胞起源、IPI评分、BMI、PMI为DLBCL患者发生营养风险的影响因素,PMI、BMI、IPI评分、LDH、LY预测DLBCL患者营养风险发生的AUC分别为0.794、0.756、0.684、0.675、0.650。结论PMI为DLBCL患者营养风险发生的影响因素,PMI对DLBCL患者营养风险评估具有一定价值。展开更多
目的:探讨表观弥散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)鉴别诊断脑膜瘤组织病理学分级的价值及其与Ki-67增殖指数的关系。方法:回顾并分析经术后病理学检查证实为脑膜瘤的51例患者资料,根据世界卫生组织(World Health Organizatio...目的:探讨表观弥散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)鉴别诊断脑膜瘤组织病理学分级的价值及其与Ki-67增殖指数的关系。方法:回顾并分析经术后病理学检查证实为脑膜瘤的51例患者资料,根据世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)病理学分级分为低级别脑膜瘤(low-grade meningioma,LGM)组45例和高级别脑膜瘤(high-grade meningioma,HGM)组6例,计算平均ADC(ADC_(mean))、最小ADC(ADC_(min)),以及两者相对值(rADC_(mean)、rADC_(min))。比较两组ADC_(mean)、ADC_(min)、rADC_(mean)、rADC_(min)的差异。绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估ADC各参数的鉴别诊断效能,并采用DeLong检验比较ROC曲线的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)的差异。采用Spearman相关分析评估ADC各参数与Ki-67增殖指数之间的相关性。结果:LGM组的ADC_(mean)、ADC_(min)、rADC_(mean)及rADC_(min)均高于HGM组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。4种ADC参数均有较好的诊断效能,DeLong检验显示AUC两两比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),其中ADC_(min)的鉴别诊断效能最高,其最佳截断值为0.657×10^(-3)mm^(2)/s,灵敏度为66.67%,特异度为95.56%。ADC_(mean)、ADC_(min)、rADC_(mean)及rADC_(min)均与Ki-67增殖指数呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:ADC有助于术前预测脑膜瘤的病理学分级及Ki-67增殖指数,可为临床诊疗提供支持。展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundations of China (No. 11071076,No. 11126124)
文摘The hedging problem for insiders is very important in the financial market.The locally risk minimizing hedging was adopted to solve this problem.Since the market was incomplete,the minimal martingale measure was chosen as the equivalent martingale measure.By the F-S decomposition,the expression of the locally risk minimizing strategy was presented.Finally,the local risk minimization was applied to index tracking and its relationship with tracking error variance (TEV)-minimizing strategy was obtained.
文摘BACKGROUND In malignant tumors,inflammation plays a vital role in the development,invasion,and metastasis of cancer cells.Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL),the most common malignant proliferative disease of the lymphatic system,is commonly associated with inflammation.The international prognostic index(IPI),which includes age,lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),number of extranodal lesions,Ann Arbor score,and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG)score,can evaluate the prognosis of DLBCL.However,its use in accurately identifying highrisk patients and guiding treatment is poor.Therefore,it is important to find novel immune markers in predicting the prognosis of DLBCL patients.AIM To determine the association between the systemic immune inflammation index(SII),ratio of lymphocytes to monocytes(LMR),ratio of LMR to LDH(LMR/LDH),and prognosis of patients with DLBCL.METHODS A total of 68 patients diagnosed with DLBCL,treated in our hospital between January 2016 and January 2020,were included.χ2 test,Pearson’s R correlation,Kaplan Meier curves,and Cox proportional risk regression analysis were used.The differences in the SII,LMR,and LMR/LDH among patients with different clinicopathological features were analyzed.The differences in progression-free survival time among patients with different SII,LMR,and LMR/LDH expressions and influencing factors affecting the prognosis of DLBCL patients,were also analyzed.RESULTS The LMR and LMR/LDH in patients with Ann Arbor stage III–IV,ECOG score≥2,and SII,IPI score 2–5 were significantly higher than those of patients with Ann Arbor stage I-II and ECOG score<2(P<0.05).Patients with high SII,LMR,and LMR/LDH had progression-free survival times of 34 mo(95%CI:32.52–38.50),35 mo(95%CI:33.42–36.58)and 35 mo(95%CI:33.49–36.51),respectively,which were significantly lower than those with low SII,LMR,and LMR/LDH(P<0.05);the SII,LMR,and LMR/LDH were positively correlated(P<0.05).Cox proportional risk regression analysis showed that the SII,LMR,and LMR/LDH were influencing factors for the prognosis of DLBCL patients(hazard ratio=1.143,1.665,and 1.704,respectively;P<0.05).CONCLUSION The SII,LMR,and LMR/LDH are related to the clinicopathological features of DLCBL,and they also influence the prognosis of patients with the disease.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program (No.2017YFC1405103)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.U170 6220)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.41901006, 41471005, and 41271016)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No.ZR 2019BD005)。
文摘Research on the diffusion characteristics of swells contributes positively to wave energy forecasting, swell monitoring, and early warning. In this work, the South Indian Ocean westerly index(SIWI) and Indian Ocean swell diffusion effect index(IOSDEI) are defined on the basis of the 45-year(September 1957–August 2002) ERA-40 wave reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) to analyze the impact of the South Indian Ocean westerlies on the propagation of swell acreage. The following results were obtained: 1) The South Indian Ocean swell mainly propagates from southwest to northeast. The swell also spreads to the Arabian Sea upon reaching low-latitude waters. The 2.0-meter contour of the swell can reach northward to Sri Lankan waters. 2) The size of the IOSDEI is determined by the SIWI strength. The IOSDEI requires approximately 2–3.5 days to fully respond to the SIWI. The correlations between SIWI and IOSDEI show obvious seasonal differences, with the highest correlations found in December–January–February(DJF) and the lowest correlations observed in June–July–August(JJA). 3) The SIWI and IOSDEI have a common period of approximately 1 week in JJA and DJF. The SIWI leads by approximately 2–3 days in this common period.
文摘目的探讨表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)鉴别诊断肺癌脑转移瘤组织学分型的价值及其与Ki-67增殖指数之间的关系。材料与方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的20例小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤和41例非小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤患者的资料,并测定其Ki-67增殖指数。在ADC图上测量肿瘤实性部分的最小ADC值(the minimum ADC,ADCmin)、平均ADC值(the mean ADC,ADCmean)及对侧正常脑白质ADC值,并计算相对ADCmin(relative ADCmin,rADCmin)及相对ADCmean(relative ADCmean,rADCmean)。对比分析二者ADC值的差异,绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评价ADC值的鉴别诊断价值,并计算ADC值与Ki-67增殖指数之间的相关性。结果小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤组的ADCmin、ADCmean、rADCmin及rADCmean值均小于非小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤组,组间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各ADC值均能对小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤及非小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤进行有效鉴别,其中rADCmean值的鉴别诊断效能最好,曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.950[95%置信区间(confidence interval,CI):0.907~0.994],最佳截断值为0.955,相应的敏感度和特异度分别为96.23%、83.87%,准确度为91.67%。小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤组的Ki-67增殖指数大于非小细胞肺癌脑转移瘤组,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。61例肺癌脑转移瘤患者的ADCmin、ADCmean、rADCmin及rADCmean值均与Ki-67增殖指数呈不同程度的负相关(r=-0.506、r=-0.480、r=-0.569、r=-0.541)。结论ADC值可以对肺癌脑转移瘤的组织学分型进行鉴别诊断,并可以预测Ki-67增殖指数的表达水平。
文摘目的探讨表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)直方图参数在术前区分移行型脑膜瘤(transitional meningioma,TM)与非典型脑膜瘤(atypical meningioma,AM)的价值。方法回顾性分析经组织病理学证实的66例TM和30例AM患者资料。由2名经验丰富的放射科医生使用3DSlicer软件,在肿瘤ADC图像上采用双盲法沿着肿瘤边缘手动勾画感兴趣区(region of interest,ROI),ROI除外坏死、囊变及出血区域,由ROI灰度值构建灰度直方图,生成受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线,并计算曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)。评估ADC直方图参数与Ki-67增殖指数、孕激素受体(progesterone receptor,PR)、上皮膜抗原(epithelial membrane antigen,EMA)、S-100蛋白四种病理指标的相关性。结果TM组的方差、偏度、峰度及最大值参数均大于AM组(P均<0.05)。方差、偏度、峰度、最大值及Perc.90参数与Ki-67表达呈负相关;方差、最小值及Perc.10参数在PR阳性和PR阴性之间存在显著差异(P均<0.05)。结论ADC直方图分析有助于术前区分TM和AM,衍生参数可预测Ki-67水平及PR表达。
文摘目的分析腰大肌指数(psoas major index,PMI)对弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,DLBCL)患者营养风险的预测价值。方法回顾分析西安交通大学第一附属医院血液内科2021年1月1日到2024年3月1日DLBCL收治入院的患者100例。调取患者腹部影像资料,计算患者PMI。调取营养风险筛查相关资料,将患者依据营养风险筛查量表(NRS 2002)分为营养风险组和非营养风险组,比较两组患者间一般资料及PMI的差异,使用多因素二元Logistic回归分析DLBCL患者发生营养风险的影响因素,采用ROC曲线分析PMI对DLBCL患者营养风险的预测价值。结果营养风险组和非营养风险组间有无B症状(发热、盗汗、体重下降)、细胞起源、国际预后指数(IPI)评分、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、淋巴细胞计数(LY)、身体质量指数(BMI)、PMI均存在统计学差异(P<0.05),细胞起源、IPI评分、BMI、PMI为DLBCL患者发生营养风险的影响因素,PMI、BMI、IPI评分、LDH、LY预测DLBCL患者营养风险发生的AUC分别为0.794、0.756、0.684、0.675、0.650。结论PMI为DLBCL患者营养风险发生的影响因素,PMI对DLBCL患者营养风险评估具有一定价值。
文摘目的:探讨表观弥散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)鉴别诊断脑膜瘤组织病理学分级的价值及其与Ki-67增殖指数的关系。方法:回顾并分析经术后病理学检查证实为脑膜瘤的51例患者资料,根据世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)病理学分级分为低级别脑膜瘤(low-grade meningioma,LGM)组45例和高级别脑膜瘤(high-grade meningioma,HGM)组6例,计算平均ADC(ADC_(mean))、最小ADC(ADC_(min)),以及两者相对值(rADC_(mean)、rADC_(min))。比较两组ADC_(mean)、ADC_(min)、rADC_(mean)、rADC_(min)的差异。绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估ADC各参数的鉴别诊断效能,并采用DeLong检验比较ROC曲线的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)的差异。采用Spearman相关分析评估ADC各参数与Ki-67增殖指数之间的相关性。结果:LGM组的ADC_(mean)、ADC_(min)、rADC_(mean)及rADC_(min)均高于HGM组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。4种ADC参数均有较好的诊断效能,DeLong检验显示AUC两两比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),其中ADC_(min)的鉴别诊断效能最高,其最佳截断值为0.657×10^(-3)mm^(2)/s,灵敏度为66.67%,特异度为95.56%。ADC_(mean)、ADC_(min)、rADC_(mean)及rADC_(min)均与Ki-67增殖指数呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:ADC有助于术前预测脑膜瘤的病理学分级及Ki-67增殖指数,可为临床诊疗提供支持。
