Network pharmacology unveils spleen-fortifying effect of Codonopsis Radix on different gastric diseases based on theory of “same treatment for different diseases” in traditional Chinese medicine

Objective: "Same treatment for different diseases" is a unique treatment strategy under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) theory.Codonopsis Radix(Codonopsis pilosula,Dangshen in Chinese)with spleen-fortifying effect was employed to understand the strategy of "Same treatment for different diseases",based on its common mechanism in the treatment of gastric diseases including gastric ulcer,gastritis and gastric cancer via network pharmacology research.Methods:Network pharmacology research methods were used to analyze the interaction network and potential mechanisms of Dangshen in treating gastric ulcer,gastritis and gastric cancer.The active components and their target proteins of Dangshen were integrated from TCMSP,BATMAN-TCM databases.The targets of gastric ulcer,gastritis and gastric cancer were collected through GeneCards,PubMed,TDD and DisGeNET Database.Through screening,the key components and the key targets of Dangshen in treating gastric ulcer,gastritis and gastric cancer were obtained.After KEGG pathway analysis and GO analysis,the important pathways and biological processes were analyzed.Results:Through data and literature mining,the common and specific pharmaceutical effects and mechanism of Dangshen were summarized in these three gastric lesions.It was shown that Dangshen mainly acted on gastric ulcer,gastritis and gastric cancer through the overall regulation of the PI3K-AkT signaling pathway.With the development of the disease,it will gradually increase the control of inflammation through TNF,NF-κB and other inflammation-related signaling pathways to reduce inflammatory damage.For tumorigenesis,it pays more attention to inhibiting the ErbB signaling pathways to reduce the proliferation and migration of tumor cells.In addition,Dangshen's regulation of HIF-1 signaling pathway may also be beneficial for the treatment of gastric ulcer,gastritis and gastric cancer.Conclusion:Dangshen achieves spleen-fortifying effect on gastric diseases including gastric ulcer,gastritis and gastric cancer through multiple targets in multiple pathways,especially PI3K-AKT pathway and HIF-1 pathway.It could provide a scientific basis for understanding the strategy of "Same treatment for different diseases" in traditional Chinese medicine.

Common mechanism of Citrus Grandis Exocarpium in treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer

Objective:"Same treatment for different diseases"is a unique treatment strategy in traditional Chinese medicine.Two kinds of malignant respiratory diseases endanger human health-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)and lung cancer.Citrus Grandis Exocarpium(Huajuhong in Chinese,HJH),a famous herbal,is always applied by Chinese medicine practitioners to dispersion the lung to resolve phlegm based on"syndrome differentiation and treatment"theory.However,the common mechanism for HJH’s treatment of COPD and lung cancer is not clear.Methods:In this study,based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology,the common mechanism of HJH in the treatment of COPD and lung cancer was studied.The active ingredients and related targets of HJH were integrated from TCMSP,BATMAN-TAM,STP,and Pubchem databases.The standard names of these targets were united by Uni Prot database.Targets of COPD and lung cancer were enriched through Gene Cards,NCBI(Gene),Therapeutic Target Database,and Dis Ge NET(v7.0)databases.Then the intersection targets of HJH and diseases were obtained.The STRING network and the Cytoscape 3.7.2 were used to construct PPI network,the DAVID database was used to perform GO and KEGG analysis.Then Cytoscape 3.6.1 was used to build"ingredient-target-signal pathway"network.Finally,Auto Dock 1.5.6 software was used to perform molecular docking of key proteins and molecules.Results:Eleven active ingredients in HJH were obtained by searching the database,corresponding to 184 HJH-COPD-lung cancer targets intersection.The results of biological network analysis showed that naringenin,the active component in HJH,could mainly act on target proteins such as AKT1,EGFR.Then through positive regulation of vasoconstriction and other biological processes,naringenin could regulate estrogen signaling pathway,VEGF signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway,Erb B signaling pathway,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway to play an important role in the treatment of both COPD and lung cancer.Conclusion:Network pharmacology was employed to systematically investigate the active ingredients and targets of HJH in treatment of COPD and lung cancer.And then,the common pharmacodynamic network of HJH for the two malignant respiratory diseases was firstly described.Furthermore,naringenin was proved to strongly bind with AKT1 and EGFR.It may provide the scientific basis for understanding the"Same treatment for different diseases"strategy in traditional Chinese medicine and inspirit subsequent drug discovery for COPD,lung cancer and other malignant lung diseases.