Knowledge and Attitudes of Knust Pre-Clinical Dental Students towards Orthodontic Treatment

Background: Orthodontics is a dental specialty focusing on correcting dental irregularities and malocclusion. Knowledge and attitudes towards orthodontic treatment are crucial for promoting oral health and overall well-being. Education and awareness play a vital role in ensuring optimal treatment outcomes and improving quality of life. Aim: This study aims to determine the knowledge and attitudes of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) pre-clinical dentistry students concerning orthodontic therapy. Methodology: This research is a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study. The research used a non-random convenience sampling method to form the desired sample. For data collection, an interview-administered questionnaire was used over one month. The study set its sights on pre-clinical dental students in KNUST. A total of 150 questionnaires were printed to meet the sample size. Results: The results of the research showed that the knowledge level of KNUST pre-clinical students on orthodontic treatment and its nuances is quite limited. They however had a fair level of knowledge on the disease or ailment that orthodontic treatments solved (especially malocclusion). Their interest in orthodontic treatments on the other hand was quite significant, with a large number having interest in it. Conclusion: To conclude, KNUST pre-clinical students in Ghana although having a limited level of knowledge on orthodontic treatments have a keen interest in undergoing them regardless of the discomforts or the length of time.

The Influence of Programming Learning on Mathematics Scores of Middle School Students

Programming teaching plays an important role in improving students’computational thinking and practice.However,due to the fact that programming has not been included in the entrance examination,the rate of having programming lessons in primary and secondary schools is low.At present,there is still a lack of empirical research on how programming affects the performance of other subjects.This paper studies the influence of programming on students’mathematics achievement for the students of an experimental middle school.The results show that programming has a significant impact on students’math scores,and the students who had not learned code were more likely to show a significant decline in math scores.In addition,learning programming makes it easier for middle-grade students to improve their math scores.

Relationship between English Leaming Motivation and SCET-3 Scores of Non-English Major Students in CDSI

Motivation is considered an important factor for non-English major students in their language learning. In the study, questionnaires and interviews were used to explore the relationship between learning motivations of CDSI （Chengdu Sport Institute）＇s non-English major students and their test scores in SCET-3 （Sichuan English Test-level 3）. The results found that in general non-English major students＇ motivation is not high with no significant gender differences; their learning motivation shows some correlation with their vocabulary level; their external motivation has more impact on the non-English major students. Therefore, language learning motivation has a positive relation with students＇ English learning achievement. Considering the characteristics of the non-English major students, suggestions on English teaching methods are made to stimulate students＇ learning motivation and cultivate their learning strategies, so as to improve the quality of English teaching and students＇ English level.

The Relation ship between Foreign Language Anxiety and PRETCO-B Scores of Higher Vocational College Students

Higher vocational college students are suffering foreign language anxiety in their English learning. Actually, negative cor-relation exists between foreign language anxiety and PRETCO-B scores. Foreign language anxiety debilitates English learning.It ishoped that the finding will be of value to the English teaching and learning in higher vocational colleges.

基于SCORE-TCM的中医药团体标准抽样评价方案设计

目前,各社会团体积极参与中医药标准的制定和发布,特别是“十四五”以来,中医药团体标准化工作更是迎来了提质增效的关键阶段。深入评估社会团体发布的中医药标准质量,是推进中医药团体标准工作的关键环节和重点任务。前期已研制并形成了中医药团体标准评价体系(System of Consortium Standards Rating and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, SCORETCM)。在上述背景下,本研究通过专家共识法,设计了一套基于SCORE-TCM的中医药团体标准抽样评价方案,应用场景为对于特定社会团体发布的标准,或各团体发布的特定技术类别的标准进行快速评估。该方案涵盖了标准抽样、材料收集、标准评价、结果解读的完整流程,为中医药团体标准的抽样评价工作提供了参考方案。

On Students' Self-Evaluation and Class Performance——An Empirical Study in College English Class

This paper aims to demonstrate whether students'self-evaluations influence their class performance.A questionnaire is designed and data is collected from 30 sophomore students in English class.The data analysis shows that students who have positive self-evaluation perform better and get higher class performance scores than students who have negative self-evaluation.

Evaluation of Contamination of Hands of the Medical Students in a Medical Teaching Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: In the hospital, patients are often exposed to multiple procedures, invasive devices etc., increasing their chances of contracting such potential pathogens. Most of the time these potential pathogens exhibit multiple drug resistance. Aim: In view of the above factors, this study was undertaken to determine the rate of colonization of potential bacterial pathogens in the hands of final year MBBS undergraduate students. As per their clinical teaching curriculum, they visit the wards/ICU/OT, etc. on a daily basis. Method: Samples were collected from the hands of final year MBBS undergraduate students. The samples were collected by rubbing a saline wet swab stick onto the hands of the students and were inoculated onto nutrient agar plates for 18 - 24 hours at 37°C aerobically. Bacterial isolates were identified till species level by performing gram staining and biochemical reactions. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby-baur disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines 2016. Conclusion: 103 samples were collected from hands of final year undergraduate MBBS students by swab culture method. 38 showed growth and 65 showed no growth. Out of 38 isolates, 36 were Gram positive cocci and 2 were Gram positive bacilli. No Gram negative bacilli were isolated. Amongst 36 Gram positive cocci, 16 were coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus and 20 were Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS). 14 Staphylococcus aureus out of 16 were methicillin sensitive and 2 were methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Out of 16 Staphylococcus aureus, 1 isolate showed Inducible Clindamycin Resistance (iMLSB phenotype) and 6 isolates showed complete resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin (constitutive MLSB phenotype). 1 Staphylococcus aureus which was Inducible Clindamycin Resistance (iMLSB phenotype) was also methicillin resistant.

Knowledge Attitude and Practice towards Infection Control Measures amongst Medical Students in a Medical Teaching Tertiary Care Hospital

Introduction: Health care associated infections (HAIs) are likely to be the most common complication of hospital care. World Health Organization (WHO) estimates these infections to occur among 7% - 12% of the hospitalized patients globally, with more than 1.4 million people suffering from infectious complications acquired in the hospital at any time. Keeping this in mind, the present study was conducted to delineate the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) for the use of proper disinfection procedures among the final year undergraduate medical students in a tertiary care hospital and teaching institute. Methodology: Present study was conducted at Government Medical College, Surat, a tertiary care hospital and teaching institute. The participants who gave consent were provided with a pre-tested questionnaire that included several questions on knowledge attitude and practices on hospital acquired infections and its control practices. Analysis of the answers was done based on KAP score. Result: 80 students who consented were included in the study. 75% of the study population had correct knowledge about the most common health care associated infections (HAIs), being infection of venous access, urinary tract infection, respiratory infections and surgical site infections, based on their current knowledge on hospital acquired infections. Majority of study participants agreed with the fact that the inappropriate application of disinfection procedures increases the risk for a health care worker of either acquiring or transmitting a HAI from/to a patient. >90% participants had a good attitude towards risk of getting or transmitting any infectious disease by a Health care worker (HCW) while working and the utility of the application of disinfection procedures during work would reduce the rates of HAI. Practices of the students towards disinfection during performance of certain medical procedures ranged from 10% to 88% of the times showing poor practices of the medical students in following disinfection practices. Conclusion: In the present study the knowledge of medical students for the most common cause of hospital acquired infection was satisfactory. The overall attitude of the students was satisfactory as the mean score was 8. The practices of the students for the application of disinfection during performance of certain medical procedures were also satisfactory, although time to time training and tutorials of these students can help in increasing their knowledge, attitude and practices.

On the Mean Difference Variance in Random Samples of Student’s Variables

The purpose of this paper is to obtain the expression of the sample mean difference variance of the Student’s distributive model. In the 2007 the study of the mean difference variance, after some decades, was resumed by Campobasso [1]. Using the Nair’s [2] and Lomnicki’s general results [3], he obtained the variance of sample mean difference for different distributive models (Laplace’s, triangular, power, logit, Pareto’s and Gumbel’s model). In addition he extended the knowledge comparing to the ones already known for the other distributive model (normal, rectangular and exponential model).

A Study of the Effects of Student Self-assessment on the EFL Writing of Chinese College Students

To get more insight into using self-assessment in writing instruction, the present study intends to explore the effects of student self-assessment on students＇ EFL writing by adopting writing assignments, analytic scoring rubric, questionnaires and interviews. It is found that students are able to make judgments about the overall quality of their writing in a manner consistent with those made by the teacher and students made significant improvements in content, organization, and mechanics of their writing after the practice of self-assessment while qualities concerning vocabulary and language use have been improved but not to a significant level. Moreover, the study demonstrates that the practice of self-assessment has exerted positive influence on students＇ perceptions of their writing skills in terms of organization, language use and mechanics while it does not result in any change of students＇ perceptions of their writing skills in content and vocabulary. These implications are conductive to working out a set of new models of the teaching of writing and helping further intensify the innovations of Chinese foreign language teaching.

The Analysis of Scaffolding Instruction Application in Senior High School English Writing Teaching —— Based on Students of Zuoyun High School in Datong

This study aims to investigate the relationship between English Writing achievement and scaffolding instruction with 100 Students from Zuoyun high school as subjects in a quantitative method.Results show that:1)On the whole,high school students have good use of scaffolding in English writing.2)The application of scaffolding instruction in high school English writing teaching has a significant positive correlation with English writing performance.3)On the whole,there is a significant difference in the application of the scaffolds in English writing between high and low-score group students.

Comparison of Mental Health Status and Behaviour of Chinese Medical and Non-Medical College Students During the Coronavirus Disease 2019(Covid-19)Pandemic

Objectives:The study aimed to compare knowledge,attitude and behaviour regarding COVID-19,and mental health status between medical(MCS)and non-medical college students(NCS)during the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in China.Methods:The self-compiled general questionnaire,Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 were used to survey 6297 college students on the Internet.Results:A total of 6296 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective rate of 90.34%.Among them,5445 are medical college students(MCS)and 851 are non-medical college students(NCS).The average age is(20.169±2.270)years old and boys account for 33.76%.The comparison found that medical students have a more comprehensive understanding of COVID-19,with an average score of(7.867±0.850).The average number of behaviors changed by MCS(5.439±1.145)was higher compared with NCS(5.313±1.284).NCS had a higher prevalence of anxiety(31.26%;n=266;P=0.015)and depressive symptoms(25.26%;n=215;P=0.025)than MCS.Conclusion:During future COVID-19 outbreaks,accurate mental health education should be provided for both medical and non-medical students.Thus,the data from this study will inform future health promotion and psychological interventions.

The Relationship between Language Learning Strategy and the CET-6 Scores

It investigates the relationship between language learning strategy and the CET-6 scores of students majoring in English as a foreign language(EFL). Participants consists of a volunteer pool of 45 second-year English major students at Tianjin Polytechnic University. A revised version 7.0 of Oxford's(1990, pg. 293-300) Strategy Inventory for Language Learning(SILL)and the CET-6 are administered as measures of learning strategy and the CET-6 scores. An analysis of ANOVA and Multiple Correlation is conducted to examine the relationships among six types of learning strategies and scores of CET-6. Results of this analysis reveals that metacognitive strategies and affective strategies are two major language learning strategies that preferred by the participants in the English learning process. While metacognitive strategies and affective strategies preferred by the participants do not have a statistically significant correlation with the scores of CET-6. It is the memory strategies and social strategies that have a significant correlation with the scores of CET-6.

《国家学生体质健康标准(2014年修订)》测试项目调整对学生测试成绩影响的实证研究——以小初衔接阶段学生为例

目的:探究《国家学生体质健康标准(2014年修订)》(以下简称“《标准》”)测试项目调整对学生成绩的影响,为《标准》测试项目优化发展提供理论参考与实践支持。方法:3000名小学六年级和初中一年级学生分别进行《标准》(小学六)和《标准》(初中一)测试(有效测试人数2870人),对比两次测试成绩差异。结果:(1)学生《标准》(小学六)非共性项目得分、总得分显著高于《标准》(初中一)非共性项目得分、总得分;(2)女生《标准》(初中一)非共性项目得分、总得分显著高于男生《标准》(初中一)非共性项目得分;(3)学生《标准》成绩在组别性别上存在交叉效应,男生得分的下降幅度高于女生。结论:(1)《标准》测试项目调整显著影响小初衔接阶段学生测试成绩;(2)《标准》测试项目调整后,男生成绩的下降幅度显著大于女生。为有效应对《标准》测试项目调整带来的影响,应统一男女《标准》非共性项目数量,同时降低男生《标准》非共性项目难度。

互动式死亡焦虑舒缓工作坊在肿瘤医院护生死亡教育中的应用

目的探析肿瘤医院护生死亡教育中应用互动式死亡焦虑舒缓工作坊的价值。方法在2021年2月—2022年12月哈尔滨医科大学附属肿瘤医院护生中选取42名配合研究,依据随机数字表法分2组,各21名。对照组以传统教学方法为主,观察组以互动式死亡焦虑舒缓工作坊教学方式实施死亡教育。比较2组死亡焦虑评分、教学满意度、对死亡态度评分。结果干预前2组护生的死亡焦虑评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预后观察组护生的死亡焦虑评分[(6.12±1.35)分]较对照组低,护生对教学满意度95.24%高于对照组66.67%,观察组死亡逃避[(12.32±2.12)分]、死亡恐惧[(18.35±2.12)分]、逃离接受的评分[(12.32±1.23)分]低于对照组,自然接受[(19.98±1.35)分]、趋近接受[(28.35±1.3)分]高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论互动式死亡焦虑舒缓工作坊应用在肿瘤医院护生死亡教育中的效果明显,可提升护生的参与积极性,改善护生对死亡的焦虑情绪,增强护生面对死亡的态度,其满意此种教学方法,临床上可借鉴。

导弹环境例行试验样本量优化研究

经过多批次生产后,产品工艺和质量控制逐渐完善成熟,作为检验批产质量稳定性的重要手段,环境例行试验的抽样比例应适当减小,在保证检验质量的前提下可减少产品消耗、缩短检验周期、减少试验资源占用。目前,导弹例行试验抽样方案多是借鉴前期产品,且一旦确定不再调整。在分析导弹例行试验抽样不能套用GJB 179A后,借鉴GJB 179A和GB/T 2828.1对于连续批抽样检验调整的理念,依据GB/T 26823和导弹环境例行试验条件,参考美国等的做法,提出了基于信用原则的例行试验抽样方案,即连续几批例行试验成功后,后续批例行试验样本量可减少。

数据挖掘技术在高校学生评教中的应用研究

文章从当前高校学生评教的现实情况入手,概括论述了与数据挖掘技术相关的一系列内容,诸如数据挖掘的定义、过程以及方式,进而分析了数据挖掘技术在高校学生评教中的优势与价值,并重点阐述了数据挖掘技术在高校学生评教系统中的具体应用。旨在进一步突出数据挖掘技术与高校教育教学工作的紧密联系度,同时证明数据挖掘技术在促进高校学生评教方式改革以及切实提高高校教育教学质量中所产生的深远影响。

虚拟仿真及情景模拟教学法在医学生心电图教学中的应用

目的:探讨虚拟仿真及情景模拟教学法在医学生心电图教学中的应用价值。方法:选取2020~2021年在北京朝阳医院接受培训的30名本科五年制医学生,随机分为两组。试验组(n=15)采用虚拟仿真与情景模拟教学法,对照组(n=15)采用传统教学法。对两组学生进行临床病例分析考试。结果:试验组考试成绩显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:虚拟仿真及情景模拟教学法能够有效激发医学生学习心电图的兴趣和积极性,提高其专业知识掌握和实际问题解决能力。

小学生筛查性近视与主要带养人报告近视的差异研究

目的分析中山市1~3年级小学生的近视现况、其与主要带养人报告近视的差异,并探索影响报告差异的主要因素,为儿童青少年早期近视的预防控制提供科学依据。方法于2023年5-7月,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法抽取广东省中山市部分小学生进行问卷调查和视力检查。采用χ^(2)检验分析筛查性近视和报告近视的差异,采用二元Logistic回归模型分析影响近视结果报告一致性的因素。结果中山市1~3年级学生总体筛查性近视率为25.3%,父母报告显示1~3年级小学生总体近视率为12.1%,父母总体知晓率为81.1%。二元Logistic回归分析结果显示,以1年级为参照,3年级的报告一致率较高,OR值为1.453(95%CI:1.160~1.819);以眼健康素养评分不良为参照,评分一般和评分良好的报告一致率较高,OR值分别为0.524(95%CI:0.423~0.649)和0.379(95%CI:0.293~0.467);以未进行过散瞳验光组为参照,进行过散瞳验光组的报告一致率较高,OR值为0.615(95%CI:0.455~0.831);以父母双方近视为参照,父母双方均不近视的报告一致率较高,OR值为0.669(95%CI:0.514~0.872);以母亲文化程度为小学及以下为参照,母亲文化程度为初中、高中及中专和大专及以上的报告一致率较高,OR值分别为0.514(95%CI:0.322~0.821)、0.355(95%CI:0.222~0.567)和0.313(95%CI:0.195~0.503)。结论眼健康素养评分良好和进行过散瞳验光是影响报告一致性的主要因素,因此未来应加强对父母近视防控的健康教育,提高父母对孩子近视状况的知晓度和报告准确性。

临床研究样本代表性评估方法的对比研究

目的对现有样本代表性评估方法进行全面比较和探讨,为临床研究样本代表性评估方法选择提供参考。方法结合国内肺癌患者特征的分布以及国内临床研究样本筛选的实际情况,模拟肺癌患者目标人群,抽取不同样本量和不同偏离程度的样本,使用现有样本代表性评估方法计算样本代表性,同时计算疗效估计偏差(bias),通过建立各方法代表性测量值与bias之间的相关性模型,分析各方法评估代表性的准确性和稳定性。结果整体结构差异率(rate of overall struction variation,RV)RV1和RV2及基于倾向评分的C统计量、基尼集中比求和(sum Gini concentration ratio,SGCR)及K-S距离(kolmogorov-smirnov distance,KSD)均能较好地测量不同样本的偏离程度。在不同样本量下,RV2和RV1与bias相关模型的R^(2)值均大于0.90,C统计量、SGCR及K-S距离的R^(2)大于0.80。结论因考虑了特征权重,整体结构差异率更为准确、稳定,尤其是RV2能更好地测量不同偏离程度样本的代表性、准确反映估计偏差;在难以获得特征重要性信息时,SGCR及利用倾向评分的方法中的C统计量和K-S距离测量代表性的可靠性也可以接受。