Spatial and temporal dynamics of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton biomass in Sanya Bay, northern South China Sea

The composition of phytoplankton and the dynamics of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton biomass （PB and BB, respectively） of Sanya Bay, South China Sea, were determined. A total of 168 species （67 genera） phytoplankton were identified, including BaciUariophyta （diatom, 128 species）, Pyrrophyta （35 species）, Cyanophyta （3 species）, and Chrysophyta （2 species）. Annual average zbundance of phytoplankton was 1.2 × 107 cells/m^3, with the highest abundance in autumn, and the lowest in summer. Annual average diversity index （H＇） and evenness （J） values were 3.96 and 0.70, respectively. Average chlorophyll-a was 2.5 mg/m^3, and the average PB was 124 mg C/m^3, with the highest value in autumn. Surface PB was higher than the bottom, except for summer. Annual mean bacterioplankton abundance and BB were 6.9 × 10^1l cells/m^3 and 13.8 mg C/m^3, respectively. The highest BB was found in summer, followed by winter, spring, and autumn. Surface BB was higher than bottom all year round. The spatial distribution patterns of PB and BB were very similar with the highest biomass in the estuary, and decreased seaward, primarily due to the terrestrial input from the Sanya River and influx of oceanic water. The main factor influencing PB and BB was dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIN）. Other factors such as temperature, which is above 22℃ throughout the year, had a negligible impact. The correlation between BB and PB was significant （P 〈 0.01）. The annual average ratio of BB/PB was 0.12 （0.06-0.15）. Phytoplankton primary production was one of the most important factors in controlling the distribution of bacterioplankton.

Ecological Planning and Design of Urban Green Space System of Sanya City

The construction of International Tourism Island has accelerated the development of Sanya City. The population aggregation and the external extension of urban area have brought a lot of negative effects, such as discontinuities of green space matrix, dysfunction of green wedge permeation, deficiency of eco-corridor, structural imbalance of green space system and so on. The overall layout of Green space system known as "One Belt & Three Bays, One Core & Six Towns, Two Axes & Three Wedges, Two Net Synchronous-construction" strengthens the eco-connection among different groups and green space in central area of the city, and realizes the collaborative construction of both resource corridor and landscape corridor. The eco-layout of green core, green corridor and green patch helps keep the integrity of large vegetation patches, enhances the eco-connection of different types of green space and improves finger-shaped network of urban green space. The most efficient way to promote the circulation of urban ecosystem and the positive development of Sanya City is to plan multilevel and three-dimensional eco-space structure and maximize ecological benefits of green space system.

Control Effect of Triptolide on Farmland Rats in Sanya City

[ Objective] The paper was to explore the deratization and anti fertility effect of triptolide on farmland rats in Sanya City. [ Method] Autumn and spring control tests were carried out in Potianyang and Miaolinyang, respectively. [ Result] The rat density in autumn control area decreased from 28.57% （ out break） to 2.86%, 3.81% and 6.80% at 11,41 and 70 d after triptolide treatment, respectively. The rat density in spring control area was lower at 19 and 47 d post treatment, and the correction deratization effect was 99.48% -99.88%. The testicular descent rate and pregnancy rate decreased significantly after treatment of triptolide. [Conclusion] Triptolide was safe in application, and is hence recommended for large scale extension in the farmland in Sanya City.

Dietary separation between co-occurring copepods in a food-limited tropical coral reef of the Sanya Bay

Food differentiation among coexistent species in the field is important strategy for copepods to acquire materials and maintain population stabilization.In situ diet analysis of co-occurring six copepod species in coral waters of the Sanya Bay was conducted using a PCR protocol based on 18 S ribosomal gene.Various prey organisms were uncovered,including dinoflagellate,diatom,green algae and plant,protozoa and metazoan.All these spatially coexisting six species showed different dietary diversity,with the food niche breadth(B)ranging from 1.00(Temora turbinate in morning)to 10.68(Calanopia elliptica in night).While food overlap between all these copepods were low,with the average value of the diet niche overlap index being approximately 0.09.Even temporally co-existing species sampled from the same time point fed on different groups of prey items with the food overlap index of 0.04 to 0.07 in midday and night but 0 in morning.As the most important dominant copepod in the Sanya Bay,Subeucalanus subcrassus seems to be capable to regulate its feeding,by exhibiting a rhythm of herbivorous feeding in midday and carnivorous feeding in morning and night,to better coordinate with other competitors for utilization of food resources.For most copepods,none of the prey items belonged to the dominant phytoplankton in the ambient water,indicating that copepod can better their survival by widening the choice of potential food resources in food limited environment.The dietary separation observed here might be important strategy for copepod to maintain population stabilization and thriving in the Sanya coastal waters.

ICNSC 2008 CALL FOR PAPERS 5th IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control Sanya China April 6-8, 2008

Conference Theme Advanced Technologies for Emergency Planning and ResponseThe 2008 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control will be held in Sanya,China. The main theme of the conference is advanced technologies for emergency planning and re-

Cool water brought by upwelling in the Sanya Bay benefits corals in the background of global warming

It has been reported that global warming has negative effects on coral ecosystems in the past 50 years and the effects vary in different ocean environment. In order to make clear the coral reef status in the background of global warming along the south coast of Hainan Island of China, satellite and in situ data are used to retrieve the information of the coral reef status and surrounding environmental factors. The results show that cool water induced by upwelling along the south coast of Hainan Island is found in the area every summer month, especially in the relatively strong El Ni？o years（2002–2003 and 2005）. From the NOAA satellite data, degree heating week（DHW） index does not exceed 3 in Sanya Bay even in the relatively strong El Ni？o years. By comparison of a coral reef growth rate in the Sanya Bay with respect to El Ni？o events from 1957 to 2000, coral＇s growth rate is relatively greater during 1972, 1991–1994 and 1998 El Ni？o event. By analyzing the environmental factors, it is found that the cool water induced by upwelling may be the main reason for protecting corals from global warming effects.

Characterization of PM2.5 Mass Concentration in the Onshore of Sanya, China

Numbers of real-time data(E-BAM)of PM2.5 were collected in the period from Jan 8th 2012 to Jan 1st 2013 at the laboratory of Tropical Ocean University(Sanya,China).The average mass concentration was 19.7μg/m³.The highest 40.5μg/m³in October compared to the lowest 14.1μg/m³in July.From a seasonal perspective,the average PM2.5 mass concentration in fall and winter are relatively higher than that in both spring and summer.On the basis of satellite map of fire points and backward trajectories of the air masses,we primarily deduced that the PM2.5 in Sanya may be caused by the biomass burning and industrial pollutants from the area of Pearl River Delta of China and the Indo-China peninsula(e.g.Vietnam,Laos).

Six Thallus Surface Types of Coralline Algae with Descriptions of Two New Records of Amphiroa beauvoisii and Neogoniolithon setchellii in Sanya reef,China

Coralline algae are globally distributed calcifying species and play critical ecological roles to marine ecosystems by contributing significantly to their structural complexity and diversity.Thallus surface types of historical samples in Sanya coral reef reserve were studied based on the scanning electron microscope(SEM)method.Our results show six thallus surface types within the study area:Corallina-type,Jania-type,Leptophytum-type,Phymatolithon-type,Pneophyllum-type,and Spongites-type.The Phymatolithon-type is the dominant surface type in Sanya reefs.Two new record species in the region are described:Amphiroa beauvoisii and Neogoniolithon setchellii.Although thallus surface types provide useful diagnostics characters for distinguishing coralline algae at tribe or subfamily level,species identification needs to refer to the reproductive features.This is the first surface study of coralline algae in the South China Sea.This result provides the baseline data needed for the monitoring and management of reef-building organisms of coral reef in China.

Sanya-Bangkok Direct Flight

A direct air route launched on February 1 connects Sanya, a resort city at the southern tip of China’s southern Hainan Province, to Bangkok, capital of Thailand.

Enchanting Sanya

TIRED of the hustle and bustle of the metropolis, citydwellers share a common dream - to take a well-earned holiday in a peaceful place. Sanya, the onlypalm beach resort city in China, with its blue sky,

Coming up Roses An NPC deputy’s rose empire is helping lift farmers out of poverty in Sanya

The Chinese people are totally opposed to corruption. Establishing supervi sory commissions to perform duties in accordance with the Supervision Law will be the most effective way to fight corruption.

Decentralization,spatial disequilibrium,and restructuring of coastal tourist destination-Empirical research from Sanya,China

The objective of this article is to speculate on resort restructuring in the market-oriented reform process in China.Previous studies show that spatial disequilibrium was aggravated by decentralization,which leads to the difference in tourism policy and investment,public goods,and service;a profound analytical framework is much needed for further empirical studies.This article has reviewed the relevant studies on links between decentralization and restructuring,spatial influences of decentralization on tourism,based on which we put forward the theoretical framework of resort spatial restructuring from the view of political economy analysis,then we elaborate on and discuss it based on the example of Sanya,China.In short,the article suggests that decentralization of fiscal responsibilities and institutional power contributes to the spatial disequilibrium of tourism industrial structure,land use,public infrastructure and service facilities,and to community inequality.Interests of government,investors,and community should be comprehensively coordinated in the resort spatial restructuring process from three aspects:restructuring government,optimizing space structure,and tourism industry.Furthermore,we argue that resort restructuring in the context of Sanya requires coordination of various interest groups through four ways:restructure the government power under administrative division adjustment,optimizing spatial structure,expanding industrial space to diversified tourism products,and building resort management services organization.Finally,we discussed some policy requirements for resort sustainable development.

Research on the Influencing Factors of Passenger Traffic at Sanya Airport Based on Gray Correlation Theory

Many factors have an effect on the passenger traffic of Sanya Airport.In this paper,seven factors that have a great influence on passenger demand,namely accommodation and catering turnover,number of overnight visitors received,total tourism revenue,average room opening rate of tourist hotels,flight movements,airport passengerflow and railway station passengerflow,are selected to conduct gray correlation analysis on these factors to provide a research basis for passengerflow prediction.

体散射函数及衰减系数快速剖面仪的研发及应用

水体体散射函数(volume scattering function, VSF,β(θ,λ))、吸收系数a(λ)及衰减系数c(λ)是海水固有光学特性的基础性参数,基于上述参数可以进一步推算得到水体所有特征性光学特性参数,进而为海洋初级生产力、全球碳循环等基础和前端领域研究以及水色遥感、水环境监测及灾害预警、水下光场分布、目标追踪、光伏发电等军民融合领域的应用和发展提供重要的数据支撑。受限于体散射函数的强方向性,其测量技术难度大且发展不成熟。文章以高角度分辨率多角度体散射函数及衰减系数高频剖面测量为目标,研发了可同步获取17个角度体散射函数、水体衰减系数、剖面深度及温度信息的快速剖面测量仪(volume scattering and attenuation meter,VSAM),其测量频率最高可达20Hz,体散射函数测量角度范围为10°~170°,角度分辨率10°,剖面最大工作深度200m。利用VSAM对三亚湾和崖州湾水体光学特性分布进行剖面调查研究:整体上,崖州湾和三亚湾水体体散射函数及衰减系数均存在较大的水平、垂直及角度(体散射函数)变化特征;同一水层,自西向东衰减及体散射函数呈递减趋势;同一站位,衰减及体散射函数随剖面深度呈递增趋势;前向10°体散射函数最大,后向120°体散射函数最小,前后向体散射函数相差2个数量级甚至更高。结合同期获取的水体浊度和叶绿素浓度剖面调查结果发现,浊度是崖州湾水体体散射函数及衰减系数显著高于三亚湾的主导贡献者,且上述海域水体浊度与颗粒物散射βp(90°, 650)及衰减cp(6 50)具有很好的线性相关性。VSAM测得的衰减系数及后向体散射函数分别与Viper(Trios公司,德国)及ECO-VSF3 (Seabird公司,美国)测量结果在剖面分布上具有较好的一致性。

悬浮物对三亚珊瑚礁区浮游动物群落结构及其摄食的影响

随着人类活动对珊瑚礁的影响日益加剧,输入到近岸珊瑚礁区的悬浮物日益增多,不仅影响珊瑚的生理,也会对珊瑚礁生态系统基础生物生产过程产生影响。为了解悬浮物对珊瑚礁区浮游动物组成及摄食的影响,于2015年4月在三亚典型岸礁区设置了昼夜连续观测站点(W4为悬浮物浓度高的站位,W5为对照站位),分析了悬浮物波动对浮游动物群落结构的影响,并用分子生物学方法结合室内实验,研究了悬浮物对优势桡足类现场食物组成和摄食选择的影响。结果显示:两个站位叶绿素a浓度偏低,昼夜波动较大;W4站的悬浮物和叶绿素a浓度均高于W5站,但W5站悬浮物中有机颗粒物组分比例(73.69%)高于W4站(46.09%);W5站浮游动物种类多样性和丰度均高于W4站。进一步摄食分析表明,两个站位桡足类均以后生动物来源的有机碎屑为主要食物,在W4站桡足类食物组成中浮游植物的比例也相对较高,而在W5站桡足类还摄食较多的微型浮游动物。在摄食实验中,高浓度的悬浮颗粒物显著提高了红纺锤水蚤(Acartia erythraea)的滤水率和摄食率,但其食物组成却由以浮游植物为主转而以陆生植物碎屑为主,说明浓缩海水中较高的悬浮颗粒物含量限制了桡足类的摄食选择,使其摄食大部分有机碎屑作为补偿营养来源。研究结果表明,高悬浮物浓度会影响浮游动物的摄食选择,但悬浮物中高比例的有机碎屑可为浮游动物提供重要的补充食物来源,支持其维持较高的生物量。

三亚凤凰岛造礁石珊瑚迁移效果研究

造礁石珊瑚既是构成珊瑚礁生态系统中的关键功能生物,也是国家二级保护野生动物,其数量的快速衰退已引起了广泛关注,因此近年来我国对造礁石珊瑚以及珊瑚礁生态系统的保护正在逐步加强。海岸工程易对周边的珊瑚礁造成严重影响,实施保护性迁移是降低工程对造礁石珊瑚影响的重要手段。为研究海南热带海域造礁石珊瑚迁移方法以及迁移保护的效果,我们对三亚凤凰岛二期项目拆除工程影响海域内的造礁石珊瑚实施了保护性迁移及监测。迁移造礁石珊瑚个体共计16634株,包括鹿角珊瑚属、牡丹珊瑚属、滨珊瑚属等18属造礁石珊瑚种类。迁移个体分别迁移至鹿回头海域6210株与西岛海域10424株。迁移珊瑚采用了三种移植方法,分别为铆钉移植、小型移植礁体移植与直接摆放。在迁移至鹿回头和西岛两地8个月后,迁移珊瑚平均存活率均在80%以上,两地迁移珊瑚的总存活率为86.24%。调查的结果显示,铆钉移植的方法存活率最高,小型移植礁体和直接摆放的两种移植方法存活率稍低。迁移至西岛的珊瑚8个月平均生长了3.03cm,的增长率为23.31%,而鹿回头迁入的珊瑚平均生长了6.15cm,增长率为58.74%,高于迁移至西岛的珊瑚。迁移采用的三种移植方法的8个月的存活率均高于75%,并且珊瑚的生长速率较好,说明珊瑚适应迁入区环境。由以上结果来看,此次保护性迁移珊瑚数量多,涉及的珊瑚种类广,在迁移后经受过两次台风的影响,迁移结果具有一定的代表性。本研究中,珊瑚迁移的效果达到了保护受拆除工程影响的造礁石珊瑚的目的,可为未来的珊瑚迁移性保护提供重要经验。

琼东南盆地北部新近系三亚组遗迹组构特征及其沉积环境

琼东南盆地北部新近系地层厚度巨大,遗迹化石非常发育。在对7口取心井岩心详细观测的基础上,综合利用薄片分析、成像测井与相关实验等资料,对琼东南盆地北部新近系三亚组遗迹组构特征及其沉积环境进行了研究。结果表明:(1)琼东南盆地北部新近系三亚组共识别出遗迹化石14属,根据遗迹化石的类型、产状、丰度和分异度、扰动程度、生物潜穴之间的共生关系等,可划分出5种遗迹组构,其中OphiomorphaThalassinoides遗迹组构主要发育在临滨上部沉积环境中,Palaeophycus遗迹组构主要发育在临滨中部沉积环境中,Planolites-Thalassinoides遗迹组构主要发育在临滨下部沉积环境中,Phycosiphon-Planolites遗迹组构主要发育在浅海上部沉积环境中,Phycosiphon-Chondrites遗迹组构主要发育在浅海下部沉积环境中;(2)根据遗迹组构和测井相分析认为琼东南盆地北部新近系三亚组沉积环境为滨-浅海,三亚组一段的沉积环境为由滨岸向浅海过渡,而三亚组二段的沉积环境为浅海;(3)综合岩相、生物化石、遗迹组构、测井相和沉积微相分析结果,建立了琼东南盆地北部新近系三亚组的沉积模式。本项研究对指导南海北部新近系的油气勘探具有重要的借鉴意义。