Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)are a class of effective ingredients in Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma,a well-known herbal medicine called San-Qi in Chinese.After oral administration,PNS inevitably interacts with gut mic...Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)are a class of effective ingredients in Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma,a well-known herbal medicine called San-Qi in Chinese.After oral administration,PNS inevitably interacts with gut microbiota,and thus affect the pharmacokinetic profiles and pharmacological effects.To date,studies concering gut microbiota-mediated metabolism of PNS have not been reviewed systematically.Herein,we outline the metabolic profiles of Panax notoginseng saponins mediated by gut microbiota,as well as its role in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics on the basis of reported data.The metabolic pathways of primary saponins are proposed,and step-by-step deglycosylation is found to be the primary degradation pathways of PNS mediated by gut microbiota.Specific microorganisms and enzymes involved in the metabolic processes were summarized.Gut microbiota is deeply involved in the metabolism of PNS,affects the pharmacokinetic profiles,and produces a series of active metabolites.These metabolites were documented to play an essential role in the efficacy of the parent compounds.Future studies should focus on strengthening the real-world evidence,defining the interaction between gut microbiota and PNS,and developing the strategy for modulating gut microbiota to enhance the bioavailability and efficacy of PNS.These information would be useful for further research and clinical application of PNS.展开更多
Three new triterpenoid saponins, namely prostratosides A-C (1-3), were isolated from the whole plant of Polycarpon prostratum (Forssk.) Aschers. et Schwein. ex Aschers. By spectroscopic methods, their structures wer...Three new triterpenoid saponins, namely prostratosides A-C (1-3), were isolated from the whole plant of Polycarpon prostratum (Forssk.) Aschers. et Schwein. ex Aschers. By spectroscopic methods, their structures were determined as 3_O_{β_D_xylopyranosyl_(1→2)_β_D_glucopyranosyl_(1→4)_[β_D_glucopyranosyl_(1→2)]_α_L_arabinopyranoside}_22α_acetoxy_saikogenin G, 3_O_{β_D_xylopyranosyl_(1→2)_β_D_glucopyranosyl_(1→4)_[β_D_glucopyranosyl_(1→2)]_α_L_arabinopyranoside}_16α_hydroxy_22α_acetoxy_saikogenin E and 3_O_{β_D_xylopyranosyl_(1→2)_β_D_glucopyranosyl_(1→4)_[β_D_glucopyranosyl_(1→2)]_α_L_arabinopyranoside}_21β_acetoxy_saikogenin G, respectively.展开更多
The main active components extracted from Panax notoginseng are total saponins. They have been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation, increase cerebral blood flow, improve neurological behavior, decrease infarct volum...The main active components extracted from Panax notoginseng are total saponins. They have been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation, increase cerebral blood flow, improve neurological behavior, decrease infarct volume and promote proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in the hippocampus and lateral ventricles. However, there is a lack of studies on whether total saponins of Panax notoginsertg have potential benefits on immature neuroblasts in the olfactory bulb following ischemia and reperfusion. This study established a rat model of global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion using four-vessel occlusion. Rats were administered total sa- ponins of Panax notoginseng at 75 mg/kg intraperitoneally 30 minutes after ischemia then once a day, for either 7 or 14 days. Total saponins of Panax notoginseng enhanced the number of dou- blecortin （DCX）＋ neural progenitor ceils and increased co-localization of DCX with neuronal nuclei and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding/DCX＋ neural progenitor cells in the olfactory bulb at 7 and 14 days post ischemia. These findings indicate that following global brain ischemia/reperfusion, total saponins of Panax notoginseng promote differentiation of DCX＋ cells expressing immature neuroblasts in the olfactory bulb and the underlying mechanism is related to the activation of the signaling pathway of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein.展开更多
A pair of diastereoisomeric furostanol saponins was obtained from the n-butanol fraction of methanol extract from Tupistra chinensis rhizomes, a folk medicine of Shennongjia Forest District of Hubei Province. Their st...A pair of diastereoisomeric furostanol saponins was obtained from the n-butanol fraction of methanol extract from Tupistra chinensis rhizomes, a folk medicine of Shennongjia Forest District of Hubei Province. Their structures were determined, on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidences.展开更多
Two furostanol saponins were obtained from the n-butanol fraction of methanol extract from Tupistra chinensis rhizomes, a folk medicine of Shennongjia Forest District of Hubei Province. Their structures were determine...Two furostanol saponins were obtained from the n-butanol fraction of methanol extract from Tupistra chinensis rhizomes, a folk medicine of Shennongjia Forest District of Hubei Province. Their structures were determined as （25S）-26-O-（β-D-glucopyranosyl）- furost-1β, 3β, 22α, 26-tetrol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1 → 4）-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1 → 2）-β-D-glucopyranoside （1） and （25R）- 26-O-（β-D-glucopyranosyl）-furost-1β, 3β 22a, 26-tetrol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1 → 4）-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1 → 2）-β-D-glu- copyranoside （2）, on basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidences. 1 and 2 displayed marked inhibitory action towards COX-2 production in macrophages of the rat abdomen induced by LPS at 20 μg/mL.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)on hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)-induced apoptosis in cultured rabbit bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs).Methods BMSCs from 3-month-old New Zealand rabbit...Objective To investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)on hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)-induced apoptosis in cultured rabbit bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs).Methods BMSCs from 3-month-old New Zealand rabbits were isolated and cultured by the density gradient centrifugation combined with adherent method.The cultured BMSCs were divided into three groups:normal control,H2O2 treatment(100μmol/L),and PNS pretreatment(0.1g/L).Intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels as the index of oxidative stress were measured by using 2’7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate.Flow cytometry was used to observe the apoptosis of BMSCs by staining with annexinV-FITC/PI.The protein expression of Bax in BMSCs was analyzed by Western blotting.Activity of caspase-3 enzyme was measured by spectrofluorometry.Results Pretreatment with PNS significantly decreased intracellular ROS level induced by H2O2(P<0.01).PNS markedly attenuated H2O2-induced apoptosis rate from 38.68% to 19.24%(P<0.01).PNS reversed H2O2-induced augmentation of Bax expression.Furthermore,PNS markedly reduced the altered in activity of caspase-3 enzyme induced by H2O2(P<0.01).Conclusion PNS has a protective effect on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in cultured rabbit BMSCs by scavenging ROS and decreasing Bax expression and caspase-3 activity.展开更多
A new triterpenoid saponin, 3-O-[（6′-butyryl）-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-28-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-（1→4）-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1→6）-β-D-glucopyranosyl] oleanolic acid, as well as three known triterpenoid saponins ...A new triterpenoid saponin, 3-O-[（6′-butyryl）-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-28-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-（1→4）-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1→6）-β-D-glucopyranosyl] oleanolic acid, as well as three known triterpenoid saponins were isolated from the rhizomes of Anemone flaccida. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. These compounds showed significant antitumor activities.展开更多
Background: This study investigated changes in rumen protozoal and methanogenic communities, along with the correlations among microbial taxa and methane(CH_4) production of six Belmont Red Composite beef steers fed t...Background: This study investigated changes in rumen protozoal and methanogenic communities, along with the correlations among microbial taxa and methane(CH_4) production of six Belmont Red Composite beef steers fed tea seed saponins(TSS). Animals were fed in three consecutive feeding periods, a high-grain basal diet for 14 d(BD period) then a period of progressive addition of TSS to the basal diet up to 30 g/d for 20 d(TSS period), followed by the basal diet for 13 d without TSS(BDP post-control period).Results: The study found that TSS supplementation decreased the amount of the protozoal genus Entodinium and increased Polyplastron and Eudiplodinium genera. During BDP period, the protozoa community of steers did not return to the protozoal profiles observed in BD period, with higher proportions of Metadinium and Eudiplodinium and lower Isotricha. The addition of TSS was found to change the structure of methanogen community at the subgenus level by decreasing the abundance of methanogens in the SGMT clade and increasing the abundance of methanogens in the RO clade. The correlation analysis indicated that the abundance of SGMT clade methanogens were positively correlated with Isotricha, and Isotricha genus and SGMT clade methanogens were positively correlated with CH_4 production. While RO clade were positively correlated with the proportion of Metadinium genus, which was negatively correlated with CH_4 emission.Conclusions: These results suggest that different genera of rumen protozoa ciliates appear to be selectively inhibited by TSS, and the change in methanogen community at the subgenus level may be due to the mutualistic relationships between methanogens and rumen ciliates.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins （PNS） on hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）-induced apoptosis in cultured rabbit bone marrow stromal cells （BMSCs）. Methods： The effects of different c...Objective： To investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins （PNS） on hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）-induced apoptosis in cultured rabbit bone marrow stromal cells （BMSCs）. Methods： The effects of different concentrations of PNS on proliferation and early osteoblast differentiation of BMSCs were determined by the MTT assay and an alkaline phosphatase （ALP） assay. An optimal effective concentration of PNS was determined and used in subsequent experiments. The cultured BMSCs were divided into three groups： untreated control, H2O2 treated, and PNS pretreatment of H2O2 treated. The oxidative stress level was assessed by superoxide dismutase （SOD） and malondialdehyde （MDA） assays. Flow cytometry was used to determine BMSC apoptosis by staining with annexinV-FITC/propidium iodide （PI）. The activity of caspase-3 enzyme was measured by spectrofluorometry. Results： PNS （0.1g/L） significantly increased both BMSC proliferation rate and ALP activity, while it decreased the indicators of oxidative stress, caspase-3 activity, and the apoptosis rate of BMSCs induced by H2O2.. Conclusion： PNS, acting as a biological antioxidant, had a protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis in cultured rabbit BMSCs by decreasing oxidative stress and down-regulating caspase-3.展开更多
Background:Diethylnitrosamine,one of food additives,possessed a strong carcinogenic effect in human.Rhizoma paridis saponins,as the main active components of Paris polyphylla,have a good anti-cancer effect in our prev...Background:Diethylnitrosamine,one of food additives,possessed a strong carcinogenic effect in human.Rhizoma paridis saponins,as the main active components of Paris polyphylla,have a good anti-cancer effect in our previous research.To verify their inhibitory effect on diethylnitrosamine-induced liver cancer,we carried out this study.Methods:We established diethylnitrosamine-induced mouse hepatocarcinoma models to evaluate antitumor of Rhizoma paridis saponins.Subsequently,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied to analyze the metabolites in the urine and serum samples.Results:Rhizoma paridis saponins alleviated diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.On the one hand,Rhizoma paridis saponins down-regulated the levels of liver function markers,such as alanine aminotransferase,aspartate transaminase and alpha fetoprotein.On the other hand,Rhizoma paridis saponins reduced metabolic disorders by increasing fructose and mannose metabolism,and decreasing pentose and glucuronate interconversion,inositol phosphate metabolism,and the process of saturated fatty acids transforming to unsaturated fatty acids,which based on the regulating mRNA expression of glucose transporter type 4,lactate dehydrogenase A,fatty acid synthetas,acetyl-CoA carboxylase and apolipoprotein A-I.Conclusion:Rhizoma paridis saponins has the potential application to inhibit chemical-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in the future.展开更多
Two new spirostanol saponins, (25S)-spirostane-1β,3β,5β-triol 3-O-β-D-glucopyrano- side 1 and rhodeasapogenin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranoside 2, together with a known saponin, rhodeasapogenin...Two new spirostanol saponins, (25S)-spirostane-1β,3β,5β-triol 3-O-β-D-glucopyrano- side 1 and rhodeasapogenin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranoside 2, together with a known saponin, rhodeasapogenin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 3, were isolated from the underground parts of Tupistra chinensis Bak.. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis.展开更多
Objective:Tribulus terrestris saponin is a traditional Chinese medicine in China.This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of tribulus terrestris saponin on the proliferation and invasion ability of non-...Objective:Tribulus terrestris saponin is a traditional Chinese medicine in China.This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of tribulus terrestris saponin on the proliferation and invasion ability of non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells.Methods:A549 cells were divided into normal control and experimental groups(Tribulus terrestris saponin 250μg/mL group,Tribulus terrestris saponin 200μg/mL group,Tribulus terrestris saponin 150μg/mL group,Tribulus terrestris saponin 100μg/mL group,Tribulus terrestris saponin 50μg/mL group).The proliferation viability of the cells in each group was detected by CCK8,the invasion of tumor cells was detected by Transwell model.The mRNA expression of MMP9 and caspase-3 in each group of cells was detected by RT-PCR.Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the fluorescence intensity of caspase-3 in each group of cells.Results:Compared with the normal control group,tribulus terrestris saponin significantly inhibited the proliferation activity and invasion ability of A549 cells,which was statistically significant(P<0.01).In the invasion assay,compared with the control group,MMP9 expression was significantly reduced and caspase-3 expression was significantly increased in the tribulus terrestris saponin group,and both were concentration-dependent,with statistically significant differences(P<0.01).By cellular immunofluorescence staining experiments,it was found that the fluorescence expression of caspase-3 was enhanced in the experimental group compared with the normal control group,in which the high concentration saponin group was significantly higher than the low concentration group.Conclusion:Tribulus terrestris saponin can inhibit the invasive ability of A549 cells by down-regulating the expression of MMP9,and induce irreversible apoptosis by up-regulating the activation of caspase-3 expression to form caspase-3.展开更多
[Objectives]To study content of total saponins from cultivated and wild Paris herbs in Southwest China,evaluate its in vitro antioxidation activity,and explore the correlation between quality of Paris herbs and produc...[Objectives]To study content of total saponins from cultivated and wild Paris herbs in Southwest China,evaluate its in vitro antioxidation activity,and explore the correlation between quality of Paris herbs and production place,variety,cultivated and wild varieties.[Methods]Colorimetric method of perchloric acid reaction was used,and content of total saponins from Paris herbs was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer at 406 nm. [Results]The lowest content of total saponins from cultivated and wild Paris herbs in Southwest China was0. 55%,while the maximum was 12. 24%,with obvious difference. Total saponins from Paris herbs had stronger clearance ability on free radical DPPH and stronger reduction ability on Fe^(3+),and the results showed good dose-effect relationship with concentration. Among them,S6 had the highest clearance ability on DPPH,which reached 89. 66%. In the determination of reduction ability,the absorbance of S16 reached3. 643 and was the highest,with very good reducing property. Content and anti-oxidation capacity of total saponins from Paris herbs in Southwest China did not have obvious correlation with production place,altitude and cultivation but was related to variety. [Conclusions]The quality of Paris herbs in Southwest China was unstable,and their anti-oxidation abilities were also different,and cultivation could not guarantee high quality. It should normalize cultivation,and develop planting industry of Paris herbs,which could guarantee stable supply of Paris herbs and stability and controllability of quality.展开更多
Objective Tu Jia ethnomedicine is a unique medical system inherited and adhibited by Tu Jia minority living in central-south China. Panax japonicus C. A. Mey.(Bai San Qi,白三七) is recognized as an effective and rare ...Objective Tu Jia ethnomedicine is a unique medical system inherited and adhibited by Tu Jia minority living in central-south China. Panax japonicus C. A. Mey.(Bai San Qi,白三七) is recognized as an effective and rare medicinal plant to treat weakness, fatigue and rheumatism in Tu Jia ethnomedicine. This paper is to discover more substance evidence for the application of Tu Jia ethnomedicine. Methods Column chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied for isolation and purification;1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC and HMBC NMR spectra were applied for structure identification;Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolim (MTT) assays were applied for cytotoxicity evaluation. Results Totally 12 known compounds were isolated by column chromatography and preparative HPLC from rhizomes of Panax japonicus C. A. Mey.(Bai San Qi,白三七). Structures of these compounds were identified by their NMR spectra. All the 12 compounds were triterpenoid saponins. Five of them were oleanolic acid type, and the remaining 7 were dammarane type. Eleven compounds were assayed for their cytotoxic activity against Hep G2 human liver cancer cell lines and BGC-823 human gastric cancer cell lines. Three of the 11 showed relatively dominant cytotoxicity against these cell lines. Conclusions A total of 12 known compounds have been identified from Panax japonicus C. A. Mey.(Bai San Qi,白三七);NMR spectra of compounds with similar skeletons showed regular characteristics;3 compounds showed relatively dominant cytotoxicity against Hep G2 and BGC-823 cancer cell lines, and the result can be valued as weak while setting the taxol as a positive control.展开更多
With methane emissions from ruminant agriculture contributing 17%of total methane emissions worldwide,there is increasing urgency to develop strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in this sector.One of the prop...With methane emissions from ruminant agriculture contributing 17%of total methane emissions worldwide,there is increasing urgency to develop strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in this sector.One of the proposed strategies is ruminant feed intervention studies focused on the inclusion of anti-methanogenic compounds which are those capable of interacting with the rumen microbiome,reducing the capacity of ruminal microorganisms to produce methane.Recently,seaweeds have been investigated for their ability to reduce methane in ruminants in vitro and in vivo,with the greatest methane abatement reported when using the red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis(attributed to the bromoform content of this species).From the literature analysis in this study,levels of up to 99%reduction in ruminant methane emissions have been reported from inclusion of this seaweed in animal feed,although further in vivo and microbiome studies are required to confirm these results as other reports showed no effect on methane emission resulting from the inclusion of seaweed to basal feed.This review explores the current state of research aiming to integrate seaweeds as anti-methanogenic feed additives,as well as examining the specific bioactive compounds within seaweeds that are likely to be related to these effects.The effects of the inclusion of seaweeds on the ruminal microbiome are also reviewed,as well as the future challenges when considering the largescale inclusion of seaweeds into ruminant diets as anti-methanogenic agents.展开更多
基金supported by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2022A1515012039)Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project(No.2024A03J0360).
文摘Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)are a class of effective ingredients in Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma,a well-known herbal medicine called San-Qi in Chinese.After oral administration,PNS inevitably interacts with gut microbiota,and thus affect the pharmacokinetic profiles and pharmacological effects.To date,studies concering gut microbiota-mediated metabolism of PNS have not been reviewed systematically.Herein,we outline the metabolic profiles of Panax notoginseng saponins mediated by gut microbiota,as well as its role in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics on the basis of reported data.The metabolic pathways of primary saponins are proposed,and step-by-step deglycosylation is found to be the primary degradation pathways of PNS mediated by gut microbiota.Specific microorganisms and enzymes involved in the metabolic processes were summarized.Gut microbiota is deeply involved in the metabolism of PNS,affects the pharmacokinetic profiles,and produces a series of active metabolites.These metabolites were documented to play an essential role in the efficacy of the parent compounds.Future studies should focus on strengthening the real-world evidence,defining the interaction between gut microbiota and PNS,and developing the strategy for modulating gut microbiota to enhance the bioavailability and efficacy of PNS.These information would be useful for further research and clinical application of PNS.
文摘Three new triterpenoid saponins, namely prostratosides A-C (1-3), were isolated from the whole plant of Polycarpon prostratum (Forssk.) Aschers. et Schwein. ex Aschers. By spectroscopic methods, their structures were determined as 3_O_{β_D_xylopyranosyl_(1→2)_β_D_glucopyranosyl_(1→4)_[β_D_glucopyranosyl_(1→2)]_α_L_arabinopyranoside}_22α_acetoxy_saikogenin G, 3_O_{β_D_xylopyranosyl_(1→2)_β_D_glucopyranosyl_(1→4)_[β_D_glucopyranosyl_(1→2)]_α_L_arabinopyranoside}_16α_hydroxy_22α_acetoxy_saikogenin E and 3_O_{β_D_xylopyranosyl_(1→2)_β_D_glucopyranosyl_(1→4)_[β_D_glucopyranosyl_(1→2)]_α_L_arabinopyranoside}_21β_acetoxy_saikogenin G, respectively.
基金supported by the Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate in China,No.CX2014B099(to XH)the Science Foundation of Hunan Provincial Education Department of China,No.11C1264(to FJD),13C958(to XH)
文摘The main active components extracted from Panax notoginseng are total saponins. They have been shown to inhibit platelet aggregation, increase cerebral blood flow, improve neurological behavior, decrease infarct volume and promote proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells in the hippocampus and lateral ventricles. However, there is a lack of studies on whether total saponins of Panax notoginsertg have potential benefits on immature neuroblasts in the olfactory bulb following ischemia and reperfusion. This study established a rat model of global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion using four-vessel occlusion. Rats were administered total sa- ponins of Panax notoginseng at 75 mg/kg intraperitoneally 30 minutes after ischemia then once a day, for either 7 or 14 days. Total saponins of Panax notoginseng enhanced the number of dou- blecortin （DCX）＋ neural progenitor ceils and increased co-localization of DCX with neuronal nuclei and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding/DCX＋ neural progenitor cells in the olfactory bulb at 7 and 14 days post ischemia. These findings indicate that following global brain ischemia/reperfusion, total saponins of Panax notoginseng promote differentiation of DCX＋ cells expressing immature neuroblasts in the olfactory bulb and the underlying mechanism is related to the activation of the signaling pathway of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein.
文摘A pair of diastereoisomeric furostanol saponins was obtained from the n-butanol fraction of methanol extract from Tupistra chinensis rhizomes, a folk medicine of Shennongjia Forest District of Hubei Province. Their structures were determined, on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidences.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30670213)Key Scientific Program of China Three Gorges University(No.2005ZD007).
文摘Two furostanol saponins were obtained from the n-butanol fraction of methanol extract from Tupistra chinensis rhizomes, a folk medicine of Shennongjia Forest District of Hubei Province. Their structures were determined as （25S）-26-O-（β-D-glucopyranosyl）- furost-1β, 3β, 22α, 26-tetrol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1 → 4）-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1 → 2）-β-D-glucopyranoside （1） and （25R）- 26-O-（β-D-glucopyranosyl）-furost-1β, 3β 22a, 26-tetrol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1 → 4）-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1 → 2）-β-D-glu- copyranoside （2）, on basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidences. 1 and 2 displayed marked inhibitory action towards COX-2 production in macrophages of the rat abdomen induced by LPS at 20 μg/mL.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30600624)
文摘Objective To investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)on hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)-induced apoptosis in cultured rabbit bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs).Methods BMSCs from 3-month-old New Zealand rabbits were isolated and cultured by the density gradient centrifugation combined with adherent method.The cultured BMSCs were divided into three groups:normal control,H2O2 treatment(100μmol/L),and PNS pretreatment(0.1g/L).Intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels as the index of oxidative stress were measured by using 2’7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate.Flow cytometry was used to observe the apoptosis of BMSCs by staining with annexinV-FITC/PI.The protein expression of Bax in BMSCs was analyzed by Western blotting.Activity of caspase-3 enzyme was measured by spectrofluorometry.Results Pretreatment with PNS significantly decreased intracellular ROS level induced by H2O2(P<0.01).PNS markedly attenuated H2O2-induced apoptosis rate from 38.68% to 19.24%(P<0.01).PNS reversed H2O2-induced augmentation of Bax expression.Furthermore,PNS markedly reduced the altered in activity of caspase-3 enzyme induced by H2O2(P<0.01).Conclusion PNS has a protective effect on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in cultured rabbit BMSCs by scavenging ROS and decreasing Bax expression and caspase-3 activity.
文摘A new triterpenoid saponin, 3-O-[（6′-butyryl）-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-28-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-（1→4）-β-D-glucopyranosyl-（1→6）-β-D-glucopyranosyl] oleanolic acid, as well as three known triterpenoid saponins were isolated from the rhizomes of Anemone flaccida. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. These compounds showed significant antitumor activities.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China (31272472)project grants from Meat & Livestock Australia,Fisheries and Forestry in Australia and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)。
文摘Background: This study investigated changes in rumen protozoal and methanogenic communities, along with the correlations among microbial taxa and methane(CH_4) production of six Belmont Red Composite beef steers fed tea seed saponins(TSS). Animals were fed in three consecutive feeding periods, a high-grain basal diet for 14 d(BD period) then a period of progressive addition of TSS to the basal diet up to 30 g/d for 20 d(TSS period), followed by the basal diet for 13 d without TSS(BDP post-control period).Results: The study found that TSS supplementation decreased the amount of the protozoal genus Entodinium and increased Polyplastron and Eudiplodinium genera. During BDP period, the protozoa community of steers did not return to the protozoal profiles observed in BD period, with higher proportions of Metadinium and Eudiplodinium and lower Isotricha. The addition of TSS was found to change the structure of methanogen community at the subgenus level by decreasing the abundance of methanogens in the SGMT clade and increasing the abundance of methanogens in the RO clade. The correlation analysis indicated that the abundance of SGMT clade methanogens were positively correlated with Isotricha, and Isotricha genus and SGMT clade methanogens were positively correlated with CH_4 production. While RO clade were positively correlated with the proportion of Metadinium genus, which was negatively correlated with CH_4 emission.Conclusions: These results suggest that different genera of rumen protozoa ciliates appear to be selectively inhibited by TSS, and the change in methanogen community at the subgenus level may be due to the mutualistic relationships between methanogens and rumen ciliates.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (30600624)
文摘Objective： To investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins （PNS） on hydrogen peroxide （H2O2）-induced apoptosis in cultured rabbit bone marrow stromal cells （BMSCs）. Methods： The effects of different concentrations of PNS on proliferation and early osteoblast differentiation of BMSCs were determined by the MTT assay and an alkaline phosphatase （ALP） assay. An optimal effective concentration of PNS was determined and used in subsequent experiments. The cultured BMSCs were divided into three groups： untreated control, H2O2 treated, and PNS pretreatment of H2O2 treated. The oxidative stress level was assessed by superoxide dismutase （SOD） and malondialdehyde （MDA） assays. Flow cytometry was used to determine BMSC apoptosis by staining with annexinV-FITC/propidium iodide （PI）. The activity of caspase-3 enzyme was measured by spectrofluorometry. Results： PNS （0.1g/L） significantly increased both BMSC proliferation rate and ALP activity, while it decreased the indicators of oxidative stress, caspase-3 activity, and the apoptosis rate of BMSCs induced by H2O2.. Conclusion： PNS, acting as a biological antioxidant, had a protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis in cultured rabbit BMSCs by decreasing oxidative stress and down-regulating caspase-3.
文摘Background:Diethylnitrosamine,one of food additives,possessed a strong carcinogenic effect in human.Rhizoma paridis saponins,as the main active components of Paris polyphylla,have a good anti-cancer effect in our previous research.To verify their inhibitory effect on diethylnitrosamine-induced liver cancer,we carried out this study.Methods:We established diethylnitrosamine-induced mouse hepatocarcinoma models to evaluate antitumor of Rhizoma paridis saponins.Subsequently,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied to analyze the metabolites in the urine and serum samples.Results:Rhizoma paridis saponins alleviated diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.On the one hand,Rhizoma paridis saponins down-regulated the levels of liver function markers,such as alanine aminotransferase,aspartate transaminase and alpha fetoprotein.On the other hand,Rhizoma paridis saponins reduced metabolic disorders by increasing fructose and mannose metabolism,and decreasing pentose and glucuronate interconversion,inositol phosphate metabolism,and the process of saturated fatty acids transforming to unsaturated fatty acids,which based on the regulating mRNA expression of glucose transporter type 4,lactate dehydrogenase A,fatty acid synthetas,acetyl-CoA carboxylase and apolipoprotein A-I.Conclusion:Rhizoma paridis saponins has the potential application to inhibit chemical-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in the future.
文摘Two new spirostanol saponins, (25S)-spirostane-1β,3β,5β-triol 3-O-β-D-glucopyrano- side 1 and rhodeasapogenin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranoside 2, together with a known saponin, rhodeasapogenin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 3, were isolated from the underground parts of Tupistra chinensis Bak.. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis.
基金National Key R&D Plan(2022YFC2305004)Hainan Province Major Science and Technology Special Project(No.ZDKJ2021036)+3 种基金Key R&D projects in Hainan Province(No.ZDYF2020223)Hainan Province Key R&D Plan International Science and Technology Cooperation Project(GHYF2022011)Hainan Provincial Innovation Team Project(No.820CXTD448)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82260001,82160012)。
文摘Objective:Tribulus terrestris saponin is a traditional Chinese medicine in China.This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of tribulus terrestris saponin on the proliferation and invasion ability of non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells.Methods:A549 cells were divided into normal control and experimental groups(Tribulus terrestris saponin 250μg/mL group,Tribulus terrestris saponin 200μg/mL group,Tribulus terrestris saponin 150μg/mL group,Tribulus terrestris saponin 100μg/mL group,Tribulus terrestris saponin 50μg/mL group).The proliferation viability of the cells in each group was detected by CCK8,the invasion of tumor cells was detected by Transwell model.The mRNA expression of MMP9 and caspase-3 in each group of cells was detected by RT-PCR.Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the fluorescence intensity of caspase-3 in each group of cells.Results:Compared with the normal control group,tribulus terrestris saponin significantly inhibited the proliferation activity and invasion ability of A549 cells,which was statistically significant(P<0.01).In the invasion assay,compared with the control group,MMP9 expression was significantly reduced and caspase-3 expression was significantly increased in the tribulus terrestris saponin group,and both were concentration-dependent,with statistically significant differences(P<0.01).By cellular immunofluorescence staining experiments,it was found that the fluorescence expression of caspase-3 was enhanced in the experimental group compared with the normal control group,in which the high concentration saponin group was significantly higher than the low concentration group.Conclusion:Tribulus terrestris saponin can inhibit the invasive ability of A549 cells by down-regulating the expression of MMP9,and induce irreversible apoptosis by up-regulating the activation of caspase-3 expression to form caspase-3.
基金Supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Support Plan(2016FZ0045)Sichuan Key Technology Innovation Project Plan(2014XM041)Research and Development Fund of Application Technology in Aba Prefecture(2015)
文摘[Objectives]To study content of total saponins from cultivated and wild Paris herbs in Southwest China,evaluate its in vitro antioxidation activity,and explore the correlation between quality of Paris herbs and production place,variety,cultivated and wild varieties.[Methods]Colorimetric method of perchloric acid reaction was used,and content of total saponins from Paris herbs was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometer at 406 nm. [Results]The lowest content of total saponins from cultivated and wild Paris herbs in Southwest China was0. 55%,while the maximum was 12. 24%,with obvious difference. Total saponins from Paris herbs had stronger clearance ability on free radical DPPH and stronger reduction ability on Fe^(3+),and the results showed good dose-effect relationship with concentration. Among them,S6 had the highest clearance ability on DPPH,which reached 89. 66%. In the determination of reduction ability,the absorbance of S16 reached3. 643 and was the highest,with very good reducing property. Content and anti-oxidation capacity of total saponins from Paris herbs in Southwest China did not have obvious correlation with production place,altitude and cultivation but was related to variety. [Conclusions]The quality of Paris herbs in Southwest China was unstable,and their anti-oxidation abilities were also different,and cultivation could not guarantee high quality. It should normalize cultivation,and develop planting industry of Paris herbs,which could guarantee stable supply of Paris herbs and stability and controllability of quality.
基金the funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81703819 and No. 81874369)Hunan Key Laboratory of Druggability and Preparation Modification for Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. 2017-04)+1 种基金Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine (No. 2015TP1020-02)Students Research Innovative Program of Hunan Province (No. 2018413)
文摘Objective Tu Jia ethnomedicine is a unique medical system inherited and adhibited by Tu Jia minority living in central-south China. Panax japonicus C. A. Mey.(Bai San Qi,白三七) is recognized as an effective and rare medicinal plant to treat weakness, fatigue and rheumatism in Tu Jia ethnomedicine. This paper is to discover more substance evidence for the application of Tu Jia ethnomedicine. Methods Column chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied for isolation and purification;1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 1H-1H COSY, HSQC and HMBC NMR spectra were applied for structure identification;Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolim (MTT) assays were applied for cytotoxicity evaluation. Results Totally 12 known compounds were isolated by column chromatography and preparative HPLC from rhizomes of Panax japonicus C. A. Mey.(Bai San Qi,白三七). Structures of these compounds were identified by their NMR spectra. All the 12 compounds were triterpenoid saponins. Five of them were oleanolic acid type, and the remaining 7 were dammarane type. Eleven compounds were assayed for their cytotoxic activity against Hep G2 human liver cancer cell lines and BGC-823 human gastric cancer cell lines. Three of the 11 showed relatively dominant cytotoxicity against these cell lines. Conclusions A total of 12 known compounds have been identified from Panax japonicus C. A. Mey.(Bai San Qi,白三七);NMR spectra of compounds with similar skeletons showed regular characteristics;3 compounds showed relatively dominant cytotoxicity against Hep G2 and BGC-823 cancer cell lines, and the result can be valued as weak while setting the taxol as a positive control.
基金funding by Irish Research Council Enterprise Partnership Scheme Postgraduate Scholarship(code:EPSPG/2021/154)funding received from AquaTech4Feed(Project No.817992)funded by BlueBio ERA-NET COFUND on the Blue Bioeconomy–Unlocking the Potential of Aquatic Bioresources and The European Commission within the Horizon 2020 programme.
文摘With methane emissions from ruminant agriculture contributing 17%of total methane emissions worldwide,there is increasing urgency to develop strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in this sector.One of the proposed strategies is ruminant feed intervention studies focused on the inclusion of anti-methanogenic compounds which are those capable of interacting with the rumen microbiome,reducing the capacity of ruminal microorganisms to produce methane.Recently,seaweeds have been investigated for their ability to reduce methane in ruminants in vitro and in vivo,with the greatest methane abatement reported when using the red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis(attributed to the bromoform content of this species).From the literature analysis in this study,levels of up to 99%reduction in ruminant methane emissions have been reported from inclusion of this seaweed in animal feed,although further in vivo and microbiome studies are required to confirm these results as other reports showed no effect on methane emission resulting from the inclusion of seaweed to basal feed.This review explores the current state of research aiming to integrate seaweeds as anti-methanogenic feed additives,as well as examining the specific bioactive compounds within seaweeds that are likely to be related to these effects.The effects of the inclusion of seaweeds on the ruminal microbiome are also reviewed,as well as the future challenges when considering the largescale inclusion of seaweeds into ruminant diets as anti-methanogenic agents.
