Pre-process algorithm for satellite laser ranging data based on curve recognition from points cloud

The satellite laser ranging （SLR） data quality from the COMPASS was analyzed, and the difference between curve recognition in computer vision and pre-process of SLR data finally proposed a new algorithm for SLR was discussed data based on curve recognition from points cloud is proposed. The results obtained by the new algorithm are 85 % （or even higher） consistent with that of the screen displaying method, furthermore, the new method can process SLR data automatically, which makes it possible to be used in the development of the COMPASS navigation system.

Progress of the satellite laser ranging system TROS1000

The mobile satellite laser ranging system TROS1000, successfully developed in 2010, achieves a high repetition rate and enables daytime laser ranging. Its measurement range has reached up to 36000 km with an accuracy as precise as 1 cm. Using recent observations in Wuhan, Jiufeng, Xianning, and Rongcheng, Shandong, we introduce the progress made using this mobile observation system.

Overview of Satellite Laser Ranging for BeiDou Navigation Satellite System

Satellite laser ranging(SLR)is an unambiguous measurement technique and generates high accuracy satellite orbit data.All satellites in the BeiDou navigation satellite system(BDS)carried laser retro-reflector arrays(LRAs),so they can be tracked by ground SLR stations in order to provide the accurate observation data.The Shanghai astronomical observatory(SHAO)designed the LRAs,and also developed the dedicated SLR systems using a 1 m-aperture telescope and a transportable cabin-based SLR system with a telescopes of 60 cm aperture.These enable BDS satellite ranging during daytime and nighttime with centimeter-level precision,allowing highly accurate estimations of satellite orbits.Moreover,some of the BDS satellites are also equipped with laser time transfer(LTT)payloads,which were developed by the SHAO and China Academy of Space Technology(CAST),providing a highly accurate time comparison between the satellites and ground clocks.This paper describes the dedicated SLR system and the design of the LRAs for BDS satellites,as well as global SLR measurements.The SLR tracking data is used for evaluating the orbit accuracy of BDS satellites and broadcast ephemeris,with an accuracy of less than 1 m.The LTT measurements to BDS satellites for a single shot have a precision of approximately 300 picoseconds,with a time stability of 20 picoseconds in 500 s.

The progress of laser ranging technology at Shanghai Astronomical Observatory

As an important station of International Laser Ranging Service(ILRS),Shanghai Astronomical Observatory(SHAO)has upgraded Satellite Laser Ranging(SLR)system with high repetition rate and achieved some technological progress,There are a lot of improvements for overall system performance,such as annual observation passes,measurement precision and quality of observation data.SLR technology with repetition rate of 10 kHz is accomplished firstly in China,and space debris laser ranging technology with200 Hz laser is promoted and proved to be more detective for weak echo,which lead to successful measurement for 40,000 km satellites and space debris within 3000 km.At the same time,SLR based on multi-telescopes and 1064 nm wavelength are planned to make a breakthrough of detection capabilities,and also to expand its application fields.These progresses will be introduced in this paper in detail.

Evaluation of CHAMP Satellite Orbit with SLR Measurements

The technique of Evaluating CHAMP satellite orbit with SLR measurements is presented. As an independent evaluation of the orbit solution, SLR data observed from January 1 to 16, 2002 are processed to compute the residuals after fixing the GFZ’s post science orbits solutions. The SLR residuals are computed as the differences of the SLR measurements minus the corresponding distances between the SLR station and the GPS-derived orbit positions. On the basis of the SLR residuals analysis, it is found that the accuracy of GFZ’s post science orbits is better than 10 cm and that there is no systematic error in GFZ’s post science orbits.

北斗三号卫星GNSS/SLR数据联合精密定轨

为了进一步提升北斗卫星定轨技术的精度,研究引入不同类型的观测数据联合全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)观测数据对提升北斗卫星轨道产品的精确度的影响:在GNSS观测数据的基础上引入卫星激光测距(SLR)的观测数据对北斗三号卫星进行联合轨道确定,并采用激光检核轨道残差和将解算结果与武汉大学(WHU)提供的精密星历产品进行轨道互差2种方法,讨论引入激光测距观测值对提升北斗三号卫星轨道精度的作用。实验结果表明,引入SLR观测数据之后,北斗三号系列卫星中的中圆地球轨道(MEO)卫星的轨道精度有所提升。

联合SLR的BDS精密定轨光压模型影响与分析

围绕联合卫星激光测距(SLR)数据的北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)精密定轨中光压模型选取和精化问题,分析了不同光压模型对轨道精度的影响,包括ECOM1、ECOM2以及混合光压模型。采用125个全球GNSS测站和23个SLR测站265天观测数据进行联合定轨,从SLR检核、轨道边界不连续性以及轨道预报三方面对定轨精度进行分析,结果表明:联合定轨均能显著提高轨道的SLR检核精度,其中采用混合光压模型时精度最高。采用ECOM1和ECOM2时,联合SLR观测值定轨降低了BDS卫星计算轨道和预报轨道的精度,采用混合模型时BDS卫星轨道预报精度略有提升。综合外符合和内符合精度,建议在联合SLR观测数据进行BDS卫星精密定轨时采用混合光压模型。

Earth rotation parameter and variation during 2005—2010 solved with LAGEOS SLR data

Time series of Earth rotation parameters were estimated from range data measured by the satellite laser ranging technique to the Laser Geodynamics Satellites（LAGEOS）-1/2 through 2005 to 2010 using the dynamic method. Compared with Earth orientation parameter（EOP）C04, released by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service, the root mean square errors for the measured X and Y of polar motion（PM） and length of day（LOD）were 0.24 and 0.25 milliarcseconds（mas）, and 0.068 milliseconds（ms）, respectively.Compared with ILRSA EOP, the X and Y of PM and LOD were 0.27 and 0.30 mas, and 0.054 ms, respectively. The time series were analyzed using the wavelet transformation and least squares methods. Wavelet analysis showed obvious seasonal and interannual variations of LOD, and both annual and Chandler variations of PM; however, the annual variation could not be distinguished from the Chandler variation because the two frequencies were very close. The trends and periodic variations of LOD and PM were obtained in the least squares sense, and PM showed semi-annual, annual, and Chandler periods.Semi-annual, annual, and quasi-biennial cycles for LOD were also detected. The trend rates of PM in the X and Y directions were 3.17 and 1.60 mas per year, respectively, and the North Pole moved to 26.8E relative to the crust during 2005—2010. The trend rate of the LOD change was 0.028 ms per year.

Theoretical analysis and numerical solution of laser pulse transformation for satellite laser ranging

The processes of the pulse transformation in satellite laser ranging (SLR) are analyzed,the analytical expressions of the transformation are deduced,and the effects of the transformation on Center-of-Mass corrections of satellite and ranging precision are discussed.The numerical solution of the transformation and its effects are also given.The results reveal the rules of pulse transformation affected by different kinds of factors.These are significant for designing the SLR system with millimeter accuracy.

Satellite laser ranging experiment with sub-centimeter single-shot ranging precision at Shanghai Observatory

The Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, incollaboration with the Czech Technical University, carried out the experiment of satellite laser ranging with sub-centimeter precision in Shanghai in August 2001. A pico-second event timer was used for the measurement of the time interval between the transmitted and returned laser pulses for Lageos 1, 2, Starlette, Stella, Topex/Poseiden and ERS-2 in coordination with the existing laser transmitting and receiving system at the Shanghai Observatory. The analysis of the measurement showed that the single-shot ranging precision with these satellites is 7-8 mm. In order to compare ranging precision, the existing ranging system has tracked simultaneously these satellites and obtained the ranging precision of 12-15 mm. It means that the ranging precision with the new system is 80% better thanthe existing system. The systematic biases with the existing system have also been checked in the experiment.

超高重频卫星激光测距时序电路实现及应用

高重频卫星激光测距(Satellite Laser Ranging,SLR)具有精度高、捕获快、观测数据量大、可靠性高等优势。但随着重复频率提升至百千赫兹以上,现有测量时序电路无法达到系统运行处理速度和实时后向散射规避等要求。本文提出超高重频卫星激光测距时序电路设计方法,采用FPGA代替控制计算机进行门控距离实时计算,精确产生门控信号控制探测器开启,并使用了收发交替的方式实时调整激光点火信号以规避后向散射干扰。能够自主完成激光测距中距离门控输出时刻的计算、存储和信号输出,最高工作频率大于500 kHz,满足百千赫兹超高频率测距的要求。该系统已成功应用于上海天文台100 kHz重复率SLR,标准点精度突破200μm,验证了基于FPGA的测距时序电路的正确性和潜力。该电路设计简单、分辨率高、上位机交互方便,为百kHz~MHz的超高重频SLR系统时序控制电路设计提供有效解决方案。

SLR资料精密测定GLONASS卫星轨道

将SLR资料计算的轨道与CODE轨道进行了比较 ,并将比较结果转换到RTN坐标系中。通过比较分析发现 ,两种轨道差值在轨道径向、法向和沿轨方向的精度分别优于 1 0cm、5 0cm和 45cm ;SLR和微波资料确定的GLONASS卫星轨道在径向存在系统误差 。

利用SLR检核CHAMP卫星轨道

初步研究了利用SLR检核CHAMP卫星轨道的方法。采用 2 0 0 2年 1月 1日到 16日的SLR观测数据对GFZ提供的事后科学轨道进行了检核实验 ,实验结果表明 ,GFZ事后科学轨道没有明显的系统偏差 ,其精度优于 10cm。

利用SLR和伪距资料确定导航卫星钟差

提出了综合利用SLR和GPS伪距资料测定导航卫星钟差的方法,采用2002年10月的SLR和伪距实测数据计算了GPS35卫星的钟差,并对GPS35卫星的钟差进行了预报,为了验证计算结果的精度,将本文计算的卫星钟差与IGS精密钟差进行了比较。通过比较分析发现:综合利用SLR和伪距资料测定的导航卫星钟差精度优于3ns,测定的导航卫星钟差与实际卫星钟差不存在系统差;导航卫星钟差的预报精度与计算卫星钟速的时间跨度有关;可以分离卫星坐标和卫星钟差之间的相互影响,便于对卫星钟差的研究。

利用SLR与伪距资料综合定轨

以GPS伪距为观测量对GPS35卫星进行定轨 ,然后将SLR与GPS伪距资料综合起来进行定轨 。

我国流动SLR首次取得观测成果

介绍了流动 SL R系统 TROS建成后在北京、乌鲁木齐、拉萨 3个站的观测情况。这是流动卫星激光测距系统在我国首次正式运行 ,开创了 SL R流动观测的先例 ,实现了我国 SL R领域多年来的愿望。对乌鲁木齐和世界屋脊城市拉萨观测的实现有其重要意义 ,引起国内外广泛关注。对 TROS的建站和观测等问题进行了讨论 。

SLR应用展望——伽利略计划和非合作目标跟踪

随着SLR精度的提高和数据量的增大,SLR现已广泛应用于大地测量和相关科学中。论述了SLR在非合作目标的跟踪等新领域中的应用及SLR在伽利略计划中的作用,并展望了SLR技术的发展方向。

由SLR观测的地心周期性运动(1993-2006年)(英文)

地球质心(CM)是整个地球的质量中心,地心运动是由地球系统的质量重新分布激励的,特别是流体圈层。利用SLR对LAGEOS1/2卫星的距离观测,解算1993—2006年期间的地心运动时间序列,然后分别利用小波变换和最小二乘法分析该序列,发现地心运动存在长期和周期性变化。地心的长期运动表明地壳形状在变化。季节性变化是地心运动的主项,主要是由地球流体圈层的质量分布造成的,如海洋、大气和陆地水等。地心运动还存在其他周期性和准周期性变化。地心运动存在2～5年的长周期变化。许多周期都存在渐变,这表明整个地球系统质量和环境存在不规则的变化。

利用SLR和GPS双频相位平滑伪距资料测定导航卫星钟差

采用2002年10月的SLR和伪距实测数据计算GPS 35卫星的钟差,为了验证计算结果的精度,将本文计算的卫星钟差与IGS精密钟差进行了比较。结果表明,采用经过载波相位平滑伪距资料,可以明显提高综合利用SLR和伪距资料直接测定导航卫星的精度;综合利用SLR和GPS双频相位平滑伪距资料测定导航卫星钟差精度优于0.3 ns(1σ),测定的导航卫星钟差与实际钟差不存在系统差。

偏振调能技术对SLR数据偏差的改善研究

改善激光观测数据偏差对推动毫米级精度卫星激光测距(Satellite Laser Ranging,SLR)技术在全球大地测量观测系统中应用具有重要作用。系统时延标定误差是激光观测数据偏差产生的主要原因,其中地面靶目标测量与卫星测量时的系统差异,以及单光子探测中激光回波强度所引起的光子探测时间游动误差是主要因素。以上海天文台SLR系统为平台,对上述两种测量模式下系统时延及激光回波强度差异进行了分析和修正。利用激光偏振特性,应用半波片-偏振片组合调能技术,实现两种测量模式下光路的"零差异"切换以及回波强度的实时控制,有效减少光路不同和探测器时间游动效应,激光数据偏差改善了10~20 mm,达到了国际SLR数据质量标准要求。激光偏振技术也可用于高重复率激光测距的激光后向散射规避,提高激光回波数,具有很好的应用推广价值。