基于DIP的高费用偏差病例ICD编码缺陷对病种分组影响分析

目的分析按病种分值付费(Diagnosis-Intervention Packet,DIP)高费用偏差病例ICD编码缺陷对DIP病种分组的影响。方法收集某三级甲等综合医院2019—2021年342例DIP高费用偏差病例的病案首页数据和费用结算数据。对病例首页ICD编码进行质控,将病例错误ICD编码修正后,重新进行DIP分组,利用Wilcoxon配对符号秩和检验,分析编码修正前后病种入组和分值变化。结果DIP高费用偏差病例ICD编码缺陷率为19.30%,主要诊断ICD编码缺陷率为9.36%,诊断ICD编码缺陷以肿瘤、呼吸系统、循环系统疾病为主,累计构成比为57.53%;手术操作ICD编码缺陷率为7.93%。在66例ICD编码缺陷病例中,35例修正编码后重新进行DIP分组,DIP分组发生变化,DIP分值中位数ICD编码从修正前的1022分上升至修正后的1089分,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.71,P=0.03)。结论DIP高费用偏差病例的ICD编码缺陷率高,肿瘤、呼吸系统、循环系统诊断ICD编码缺陷较为突出,修正缺陷编码后重新进行DIP分组,DIP分值提高。医院应制定针对性措施,提高ICD编码质量,为DIP病种分组提供关键支撑,助力医院精细化管理和高质量发展。

北斗三号PPP-B2b差分码偏差对UPPP解算的影响

通过北斗三号精密单点定位服务信号(Precise Point Positioning B2b,PPP-B2b)差分码偏差(Differential Code Biases,DCB)对实时非组合精密单点定位(Uncombined Precise Point Positioning,UPPP)解算参数的影响进行研究。基于PPP-B2b服务的UPPP模型,分析了DCB对UPPP定位、收敛时间、对流层、钟差及斜向电离层解算的影响。在非组合模型下,采用北斗三号PPP-B2b实时精密单点定位(Real-Time Precise Point Positioning B2b,RTPPP-B2b)软件对接收机实测数据进行实验分析。实验结果表明:载波与伪距观测值权比为103∶1时,DCB对定位精度和收敛时间影响均较小,载波与伪距观测值权比为102∶1时,无DCB校正的UPPP定位误差收敛时间会变长;DCB对解算对流层天顶总延迟的影响可以忽略,对接收机钟差影响在亚纳秒级别;在使用UPPP提取斜向电离层过程中,DCB主要影响斜向电离层的计算精度。

CHIPIC软件的电磁场计算方法

基于CHIPIC是一个高功率微波电磁粒子模拟软件,电磁场的数值计算模块是其核心模块,介绍了CHIPIC软件中电磁场计算的基本方法,以及在其基础上改进而来的时偏算法;同时还对以上两种计算方法所适用的不同物理模型进行了讨论,并对所编制电磁场数值计算模块的正确性进行验证,结果证明CHIPIC的计算结果是正确的。

BDS/GLONASS非组合精密单点定位模型与算法

在GPS非组合精密单点定位(PPP)模型的基础上,针对BDS和GLONASS系统各自的特点,分别提出了适用于BDS和GLONASS系统的非组合PPP模型,并在此基础上构建了BDS/GLONASS联合处理的函数模型.新模型中考虑了BDS系统GEO卫星伪距长周期多路径效应引起的系统性偏差(BDS GEO Multipath Bias,BGMB),将其作为参数进行估计;另外,新模型中还考虑了GLONASS系统伪距频间偏差(inter-frequency-biase,IFB),将其参数化为卫星频率号的线性函数,并通过参数重组得到了满秩的函数模型和可估参数的形式.选取了2015年年积日200~230共一个月的11个MGEX跟踪站数据来验证新模型与算法的正确性和有效性,结果表明:将BDS系统伪距BGMB当作参数估计能够显著提高BDS单系统非组合PPP的收敛速度,并能减小伪距残差;通过线性函数来模型化GLONASS伪距IFB能够显著提高GLONASS单系统PPP的收敛速度,并能在一定程度上减小伪距残差;1个月BDS/GLONASS非组合PPP定位误差RMS在北、东、高三个方向分别为6.9 mm、9.1 mm和19.3 mm,表明提出的BDS/GLONASS非组合PPP模型与算法具有良好的定位性能.

偏压电荷收集器测量HPIB的原理和实验

介绍了偏压电荷收集器的结构,分析了利用其测量HPIB束流强度的原理,利用KARAT PIC软件模拟了偏压电荷收集器内部的电荷输运过程,模拟结果表明HPIB在偏压电荷收集器内部电荷中和而电流不中和,从而证实了电荷中和假设和这种装置测量HPIB的准确性。另外还分别对几何参数和偏置电压对偏压电荷收集器的影响进行了模拟,在德拜长度范围内,孔径的大小为0.6-0.8 mm比较合适,偏压为-800 V就可满足峰值能量为500keV HPIB的测量要求,实验验证了偏压大小与离子收集效率之间的关系。

A monolithic InGaP/GaAs HBT power amplifier for W-CDMA applications

A monolithic microwave integrated circuit （MMIC） power amplifier （PA） is proposed. It adopts a new on-chip bias circuit, which not only avoids the instability of the direct current bias caused by the change in the power supply and temperature, but also compensates deviations caused by the increase in input power. The bias circuit is a current-mirror configuration, and the feedback circuit helps to maintain bias voltage at a constant level. The gain of the feedback circuit is improved by the addition of a non-inverting amplifier within the feedback circuit. A shunt capacitor at the base node of the active bias transistor enhances the linearity of the PA. The chip is fabricated in an InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor （HBT） process. Measured results exhibit a 26. 6-dBm output compression point, 33.6% power-added efficiency （PAE） and - 40.2 dBc adjacent channel power ratio （ACPR） for wide-band code division multiple access （W-CDMA） applications.

融合BDS/GPS/GLONASS解算卫星差分码偏差及精度分析

卫星差分码偏差是影响用户导航定位和授时定位精度的重要因素。本文融合BDS/GPS/GLONASS三系统数据,采用中国测绘科学研究院i GMAS分析中心自主研发的软件解算卫星差分码偏差。结果表明:GPS卫星P1P2差分码偏差与CODE产品非常吻合,精度非常高,且非常稳定; BDS卫星B1B3差分码偏差与CODE产品基本吻合,且基本稳定; GLONASS卫星P1P2差分码偏差与CODE产品相对吻合,精度较高,且比较稳定。对比三系统,GPS系统P1P2差分码偏差精度最高,且最稳定; GLONASS系统P1P2差分码偏差精度和稳定性比GPS略低; BDS系统B1B3差分码偏差精度和稳定性最低,可能是星座不完善的原因。

基于单站相位数据的接收机硬件延迟估算方法

利用2013-01地磁扰日及静日期间全球不同纬度的18个IGS站的GPS双频数据,联合伪距与相位观测数据,探讨估算单站接收机硬件延迟的有效方法,估算的结果与IGS公布的结果差值基本在1.5ns以内,月平均值基本在1.0ns以内。

模拟核测井工具响应的一种MC方法

描述了模拟双源距中子孔隙度测井工具响应的一种 MC 方法。在这个专用 MC 程序中,使用了几种有效方差降低技巧,如:隐吸收、权截断、能量截断、几何分裂和赌、方向偏倚等。针对这种核测井工具,将这些技巧作些改进;通过在程序中分别加上这几种方差降低技巧,对各自运行结果、精度、计算时间的分析和讨论,指出这些技巧的优缺点,亦证明了这些技巧确实有效;同时在某种程度上将此专用程序与通用程序做了比较。

一种利用多重偏置的RS码软判译码算法

为了提高RS码的纠错性能,本文将基于盒匹配译码算法(BMA)的多重偏置与自适应置信传播算法(ABP)进行级联,提出了一种利用多重偏置基于可信度迭代的RS码软判译码算法,称为ABP-BIAS-BMA,并将其与传统的基于自适应置信传播的级联算法ABP-BMA及自适应置信传播算法ABP进行了译码性能仿真比较。仿真结果表明,提出的ABP-BIAS-BMA算法比ABP-BMA及ABP的译码性能要好,特别在相同信噪比情况下算法整体平均迭代次数较小。

Characterization of multi-GNSS between-receiver differential code biases using zero and short baselines

Care should be taken to minimize adverse impact of receiver differential code biases(DCBs) on global navigation satellite system(GNSS)-derived ionospheric parameters. It is therefore of importance to ascertain the intrinsic characteristics of receiver DCBs,preferably in the context of new-generation GNSS. In this contribution, we present a method that enables time-wise retrieval of between-receiver DCBs(BR-DCBs) from dualfrequency, code-only measurements collected by a pair of co-located receivers. This method is applicable to the US GPS as well as to a new set of GNSS constellations including the Chinese Bei Dou, the European Galileo and the Japanese QZSS. With the use of this method, we determine the multi-GNSS BR-DCB time-wise estimates covering a time period of up to 2 years(January 2013–March 2015) with a 30-s time resolution for five receiverpairs(four zero and one short baselines). For the BR-DCB time-wise estimates pertaining to an arbitrary receiver-pair and constellation, we demonstrate their promising intraday stability by means of statistical hypothesis testing. We also find that the Bei Dou BR-DCB daily weighted average(DWA) estimates show a dependence on satellite type, in particular for receiver-pairs of mixed types. Finally, we demonstrate that long-term variability in BR-DCB DWA estimates can be closely associated with hardware temperature variations inside the receivers.

Monitoring the ionosphere based on the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China

The Global Navigation Satellite System （GNSS） is becoming important for monitoring the variations in the earth＇s ionosphere based on the total electron content （TEC） and iono- spheric electron density （IED）. The Crustal Movement Observation Network of China （CMONOC）, which includes GNSS stations across China's Mainland, enables the continuous monitoring of the ionosphere over China as accurately as possible. A series of approaches for GNSS-based ionospheric remote sensing and software has been proposed and devel- oped by the Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics （IGG） in Wuhan. Related achievements include the retrieval of ionospheric observables from raw GNSS data, differential code biases estimations in satellites and receivers, models of local and regional ionospheric TEC, and algorithms of ionospheric tomography. Based on these achievements, a software for processing GNSS data to determine the variations in ionospheric TEC and IED over China has been designed and developed by IGG. This software has also been installed at the CMONOC data centers belonging to the China Earthquake Administration and China Meteorological Administration. This paper briefly introduces the related research achievements and indicates potential directions of future work.

改进的非组合精密单点定位模型(MPPP)与实时授时研究

【目的】基于精密单点定位(Precise Point Positioning,PPP)的时间传递技术因其高精度、广覆盖而成为GNSS时间传递中的优势性方法。然而,实践过程中发现接收机码偏差天内短时变化是影响接收机钟差估值精准度的主要偏差之一。【方法】因此,本文提出了一种改进的非组合精密单点定位(Modified Precise Point Positioning,MPPP)模型,将接收机码偏差作为时变参数估计,并基于模拟与实测数据进行了方法验证。【结果】结果表明:同等条件下,MPPP授时精度可达0.1~1ns,相较于PPP精度提升30%以上,【结论】可有效克服接收机码偏差变化对实时授时的影响。

GPS卫星P1-C1码间偏差对星基增强改正数计算的影响分析

为分析GPS卫星P1-C1码间偏差对星基增强改正数计算的影响,利用中国广域分布监测站的GPS C1-P2双频实测数据计算GPS卫星钟差和星历改正数,并将其用于定位实验。实验结果表明,GPS卫星P1-C1码间偏差修正前后的卫星钟差改正数计算结果差异较为明显。定位结果表明,在SBAS改正数计算和用户定位时均对卫星P1-C1码间偏差进行修正,可使GPS C1码单频SBAS用户95%三维定位误差降低约19%,其中水平误差由1.94 m降低至1.45 m,高程误差由3.82 m降低至3.14 m;对于GPS C1-P2双频SBAS用户,只要保证在SBAS定位时对观测量中卫星P1-C1码间偏差的处理与SBAS改正数计算时一致,就可消除卫星P1-C1码间偏差的影响。

Precise Orbit Determination for the FY-3C Satellite Using Onboard BDS and GPS Observations from 2013, 2015, and 2017

Using the FengYun-3C(FY-3C)onboard BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS)and Global Positioning System(GPS)data from 2013 to 2017,this study investigates the performance and contribution of BDS to precise orbit determination(POD)for a low-Earth orbit(LEO).The overlap comparison result indicates that code bias correction of BDS can improve the POD accuracy by 12.4%.The multi-year averaged one-dimensional(1D)root mean square(RMS)of the overlapping orbit differences(OODs)for the GPS-only solution is 2.0,1.7,and 1.5 cm,respectively,during the 2013,2015,and 2017 periods.The 1D RMS for the BDS-only solution is 150.9,115.0,and 47.4 cm,respectively,during the 2013,2015,and 2017 periods,which is much worse than the GPS-only solution due to the regional system of BDS and the few BDS channels of the FY-3C receiver.For the BDS and GPS combined solution(also known as the GC combined solution),the averaged 1D RMS is 2.5,2.3,and 1.6 cm,respectively,in 2013,2015,and 2017,while the GC combined POD presents a significant accuracy improvement after the exclusion of geostationary Earth orbit(GEO)satellites.The main reason for the improvement seen after this exclusion is the unfavorable satellite tracking geometry and poor orbit accuracy of GEO satellites.The accuracy of BDS-only and GC combined solutions have gradually improved from 2013 to 2017,thanks to improvements in the accuracy of International GNSS Service(IGS)orbit and clock products in recent years,especially the availability of a high-frequency satellite clock product(30 s sampling interval)since 2015.Moreover,the GC POD(without GEO)was able to achieve slightly better accuracy than the GPS-only POD in 2017,indicating that the fusion of BDS and GPS observations can improve the accuracy of LEO POD.GC combined POD can significantly improve the reliability of LEO POD,simply due to system redundancy.An increased contribution of BDS to LEO POD can be expected with the launch of more BDS satellites and with further improvements in the accuracy of BDS satellite products in the near future.

Functional model modification of precise point positioning considering the time-varying code biases of a receiver

Precise Point Positioning(PPP),initially developed for the analysis of the Global Positing System(GPS)data from a large geodetic network,gradually becomes an effective tool for positioning,timing,remote sensing of atmospheric water vapor,and monitoring of Earth’s ionospheric Total Electron Content(TEC).The previous studies implicitly assumed that the receiver code biases stay constant over time in formulating the functional model of PPP.In this contribution,it is shown this assumption is not always valid and can lead to the degradation of PPP performance,especially for Slant TEC(STEC)retrieval and timing.For this reason,the PPP functional model is modified by taking into account the time-varying receiver code biases of the two frequencies.It is different from the Modified Carrier-to-Code Leveling(MCCL)method which can only obtain the variations of Receiver Differential Code Biases(RDCBs),i.e.,the difference between the two frequencies’code biases.In the Modified PPP(MPPP)model,the temporal variations of the receiver code biases become estimable and their adverse impacts on PPP parameters,such as ambiguity parameters,receiver clock offsets,and ionospheric delays,are mitigated.This is confirmed by undertaking numerical tests based on the real dual-frequency GPS data from a set of global continuously operating reference stations.The results imply that the variations of receiver code biases exhibit a correlation with the ambient temperature.With the modified functional model,an improvement by 42%to 96%is achieved in the Differences of STEC(DSTEC)compared to the original PPP model with regard to the reference values of those derived from the Geometry-Free(GF)carrier phase observations.The medium and long term(1×10^(4) to 1.5×10^(4) s)frequency stability of receiver clocks are also signifi-cantly improved.

一种用于图像分类的改进的有偏特征采样方法

为了模拟图像分类任务中待分类目标的可能分布,使特征采样点尽可能集中于目标区域,基于Yang的有偏采样算法提出了一种改进的有偏采样算法。原算法将目标基于区域特征出现的概率和显著图结合起来,计算用于特征采样的概率分布图,使用硬编码方式对区域特征进行编码,导致量化误差较大。改进的算法使用局部约束性编码代替硬编码,并且使用更为精确的后验概率计算方式以及空间金字塔框架,改善了算法性能。在PASCAL VOC 2007和2010两个数据集上进行实验,平均精度比随机选取的特征采样方法能够提高约0.5%,验证了算法的有效性。

一种改进的新三步搜索算法

在对三步法工作原理进行研究的基础上提出了新三步搜索算法(NITSS)。该方法充分利用视频序列运动矢量概率分布上的中心偏置特性,在三步搜索算法的基础上引入了十字型分布的4个点构成搜索点群。实验结果表明,新三步搜索算法解决了三步法的小运动估计效果较差问题,提高了搜索精度,保持了三步法的高效率。

Carrier phase-based ionospheric observables using PPP models

The ionosphere is one of the major error sources in Global Navigation Satellite System （GNSS） posi- tioning, navigation and timing. Estimating the ionospheric delays precisely is of great interest in the GNSS community. To date, GNSS observables for ionospheric estimation are most commonly based on carrier phase smoothed code measurements. However, leveling errors, which affect the performance of ionospheric modeling and differential code bias （DCB） estimation, exist in the carrier phase smoothed code observations. Such leveling errors are caused by the multipath and the short-term variation of DCB. To reduce these leveling errors, this paper investigates and estimates the ionospheric delays based on carrier phase measurements without the leveling errors. The line-of-sight ionospheric observables with high precision are calculated using precise point positioning （PPP） techniques, in which carrier phase measurements are the principal observables. Ionosphere-free and UofC PPP models are applied and compared for their effectiveness to minimize the leveling errors. To assess the leveling errors, single difference of ionospheric observables for a short baseline is examined. Results show that carrier phase- derived ionospheric observables from PPP techniques can effectively reduce the leveling errors. Furthermore, we compared the PPP ionosphere estimation model with the conventional carrier phase smoothed code method to assess the bias consistency and investigate the biases in the ionospheric observables.

多频多模GNSS接收机差分相位偏差的短期时变特性

随着中国北斗三号全球导航卫星系统(BeiDou-3 Navigation Satellite System,BDS-3)的建成、欧盟伽利略系统(Galileo)及日本准天顶卫星系统(quasi-zenith satellite system,QZSS)的发展,越来越多的卫星可用于反演大气电离层。通常,接收机差分码偏差(differential code biases,DCB)的短时变化被认为是利用全球导航卫星系统(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS)反演电离层的重要误差来源,然而,有研究表明,接收机差分相位偏差(differential phase biases,DPB)的短时变化也有可能影响电离层反演的精度和可靠性。为此,本文提出了基于站间单差模型并采用不变换参考星策略来估计接收机DPB的方法,可实现接收机DPB的连续估计。基于几台可跟踪BDS-3信号的多频多模接收机采集的数据,对BDS-3、Galileo、GPS和QZSS重叠频率组合的DPB进行了分析。结果表明,四系统的接收机DPB日变化都是很明显的,并且和温度有很强的相关性;基于不同系统重叠频率组合的DPB之间存在强相关;基于相同类型接收机的DPB的变化也存在明显的相关性。