Novel Intranasal Mask Provides Potent Protection against Viral Aerosols

Researchers from the Institute of Process Engineering(IPE)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences have developed a novel intranasal mask to protect the respiratory tract from viral aerosols.It showed satisfactory protection in multiple models,including a mouse model,a digital human nasal model,and a human respiratory tract model.

Global satisfactory control for nonlinear integrator processes with long delay

Integrator processes with long delay are difficult to control. Nonlinear characteristics of actuators make the control problem more challenging. A technique is proposed in this paper for global satisfactory control （GSC） of such processes with relay-type nonlinearity. An oscillatory control signal is injected into the nonlinear process; the amplitude and frequency of the oscillatory signal are designed to linearise the nonlinear process in the sense of harmonic analysis; and a state feedback controller is configured to implement GSC over the linearised process. An illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of

Zn'S ROLE IN DISSOLUTION OF Al SACRIFICIAL ANODES

The role of alloying elements in the dissolution of aluminium sacrificial anodes was investigated . The effect of indium on the electrochemical performance of anode and the relationship between indium and impurities , such as silicon and iron, were studied. The distribution of indium in aluminium alloy was detected . The electrochemical behaviour of In-implanted aluminium alloy was also studied . The experimental results indicate that indium activates the surface of aluminium alloy and improves the electrochemical performance of alloy containing more amounts of impurity . Indium combines with silicon and iron.More satisfactory properties were obtained when the alloy’s proportion of content of In to that of (Si+ Fe) is about 1 : (8 ~10). The electrochemical properties of Al alloy, especially the surface activity of the anode were improved by ion implantation . Indium segregates in the alloy . The amount of Si and Fe in the In-rich segregated phase is richer than that in the matrix. It is proposed that

A simple method for the detection of hepatitis A virus in the environmental samples by polymerase chain reaction

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is very persistent in the environment and is especially difficult to detect in the seafoods. In recent years, molecular cloning of the genome of HAV has led to sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for the detection of HAV RNA. Here we describe a new and simple procedure to extract RNA from contaminated clams and the PCR method for detection of HAV in environmental samples. The specificity and efficiency of PCR amplification were studied using cDNA and RNA of HAV. Three primer couples gave satisfactory results. Some basic parameters of the PCR were modified to perform a highly specific and sensitive test.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF“YI QI YANG YIN DECOCTION”COMBINED WITH RADIOTHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) is acommon carcinoma in Southern China.The5-year survival rate achieved byradiotherapy alone is still relatively low.Wetreated NPC patients with Yi Qi Yang YinDecoction (YQYYD,decoction for invigo-rating qi and nourishing yin) combined withradiotherapy with satisfactory results.Acomparison was made in such aspects as re-

CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON THE IMMEDIATE HYPOTENSIVE EFFECT OF ZANZHU POINT

As recorded in classical literature thatacupuncture at Zanzhu(UB 2)points couldimmediately yield effects similar to the de-pression of blood pressure,we made suchpractice with satisfactory results.The sum-mary is as follows.

Mechanism of GABA Receptors Involved in Spasticity Inhibition Induced by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Following Spinal Cord Injury

The effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation（r TMS） on spasticity following spinal cord injury（SCI） and the action mechanism were investigated. SCI models were established in Sprague-Dawley rats. Five groups were set up： normal control group, SCI-7 day（7D） model group, SCI-14 D model group, SCI-7D r TMS group and SCI-14 D r TMS group（n=10 each）. The rats in SCI r TMS groups were treated with 10 Hz r TMS at 8th day and 15 th day after SCI respectively. Motor recovery and spasticity alleviation were evaluated by BBB scale once a week till the end of treatment. Finally, different parts of tissues were dissected out for detection of GABA receptors using Western blotting and polymerase chain reaction（PCR） technique. The results showed that the BBB scores after treatment were significantly higher in SCI-7D r TMS group than in SCI-14 D r TMS group（P〈0.05）. The GABA receptors were down-regulated more significantly in SCI-14 D model group than in SCI-7D model group（P〈0.05）. At different time points, r TMS treatment could affect the up-regulation of GABA receptors： The up-regulation of GABA receptors was more obvious in SCI-7D r TMS group than in SCI-14 D r TMS treatment group（P〈0.05）. It was concluded that 10-Hz r TMS could alleviate spasticity following SCI and promote the motor recovery in rats, which might be attributed to the up-regulation of GABA receptors. It was also suggested that early high-frequency r TMS treatment after SCI may achieve more satisfactory curative effectiveness.

Three-dimensional numerical prediction of vertical temperature structure of the Huanghai and the Bohai Seas

In the paper, the sea is divided into two layers with density jumping, assuming that the physical parameters in each layer are independent of depth. Two-layer flow field with tide and wind currents is calculated with extended ADI method, after the calculation for flow field is stable , coupled with temperature diffusion equations and thermohaline depth prediction equation, a four-day time prediction of the surface, bottom temperature and thermohaline depth of the Huanghai and the Bohai Seas. At the same time, three dimensional temperature field of sea water is predicted through vertical temperature distribution function. The result indicates that the prediction quality of the whole model and the fitting degree between the predicted result and the measured values are satisfactory.

Satisfactory Optimization Design of IIR Digital Filters

A new method called satisfactory optimization method is proposed to design IIR (Infinite Impulse Response) digital filters, and the satisfactory optimization model is presented. The detailed algorithm of designing IIR digital filters using satisfactory optimization method is described. By ~using quantum genetic algorithm characterized by rapid convergence and good global search capability, the satisfying solutions are ~achieved in the experiment of designing lowpass and bandpass IIR digital filters. Experimental results show that the performances of IIR filters designed by the introduced method are better than those by traditional methods.

112 CASES OF JUVENILE MYOPIA TREATED BY AURICULAR ACUPRESSURE

The author has treated 112 myopes (221eyes) in the Youyang County Hospital outpatientdepartment since March,1984.All cases wereobserved clinically for more than 6 months withrather satisfactory effects.Here is the report.

STUDIES ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE NETWORK STRUCTURE AND THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RUBBER VULCANIZATES (H) THE REINFORCEMENT OF ELASTOMERS BY CARBON BLACK FILLERS AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION

A satisfactory account of reinforcement of rubber through the application of the theory of elasticity forits vulcanizates with carbon black fillers has been obtained. A statistical theory of reinforcement by carbonblack fillers and its characterization was developed. Three methods

100 CASES OF IMPOTENCE TREATED BY ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION

From 1972-1987,we had treated 100 casesof impotence by selecting acupoints on the basisof the theory of viscera and channels of tradi-tional Chinese medicine,in combination with theregional neuro-anatomy.The therapeutic effectwas rather satisfactory.The result is reportedbelow.

Evapotranspiration of a Populus euphratica forest during the growing season in an extremely arid region of northwest China using the Shuttleworth–Wallace model

Thus far, measurements and estimations of actual evapotranspiration（ET） in extremely arid areas are still insufficient. Based on successive observations from June–September 2014, we simulated ET of a Populus euphratica Oliv. forest during the growing season in an extremely arid region of northwest China using the Shuttleworth–Wallace（S–W） model. Simulated ET values were compared to those of the eddy-covariance（EC） method on a 1 h interval. With a root mean square error（RMSE）,relative error（RE） and mean absolute error（MAE） of0.192, 3.100 and 0.165 mm h-1, respectively, model performance was not satisfactory. In particular, on days with strong winds（Sep. 11–13）, deviations between simulated and observed ET values increased to 0.275, 0.878 and0.251 mm h-1, RMSE, RE and MAE respectively. These values were significantly greater than those in other study periods and were most likely owing to sharp increases in wind speed. As a result, there were substantial advective effects, which is not consistent with the assumption of the S–W model that there are no advective effects or mesoscale circulation patterns induced by surface discontinuities.

206 CASES OF SPINOGENIC DIZZINESS TREATED BY CONTRALATERAL ACUPUNCTURE

Spinogenic dizziness is one of the dis-orders related to the vertebral column.Pathological changes in tissues surroundingthe vertebral column will lead to dynamicalimbalance of the vertebra,resulting in dis-eases in the related parts of the body.In re-cent years,the author has treated 206 pa-tients with this disease by contralateralacupuncture with satisfactory results.

CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT OF PERSISTENT FACIAL PARALYSIS

Persistent facial paralysis is present after failure of six months’ treatment of peripheral facial paralysis, with sequelae such as deviation of the mouth and eye. Since 1983, the intermittent lifting and the uniform reinforcing-reducing methods have been applied for comparison in the treatment of 310 cases of persistent facial paralysis, with satisfactory results reported as follows.

THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF LIFTING-TWIRLING MANEUVER IN ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT OF FACIAL PARALYTIC SEQUELAE

Facial paralytic sequelae refer to the old peripheral facial paralysis. No definite duration is defined, but the paralysis lasting more than 3-6 months is generally considered as the sequelae. The authors of this report think that the causes of the sequelae are various: the treatment may be not in time or not appropriate, or due to the disease situation itself

INSOMNIA TREATED BY AURICULAR PRESSING THERAPY

Insomnia is a common ailment.Since1985,we have treated it with auricular pres-sing therapy with satisfactory results.AWestern medicine(WM)group was utilizedas the controls for comparison of thetherapeutic effects.These are reported asfollows.General DataIn this series,there were 160 patients,68 males and 92 females.The age range ofthe patients was 21-25 years in 11 cases,

ACUPUNCTURE AT JIANJING FOR TREATMENT OF ACHALASIA OF THE CARDIA

Achalasia of the cardia,also known ascardiospasm or megalo—esophagus,Is char-acterized by the symptom of dysphagia.Diagnosis of the disease and its division intodifferent types are described in the PracticalTextbook of Medicine and Symposium onMedicine.During the recent 10 years,theauthor treated 21 cases of the disease byacupuncture with satisfactory results as re-ported in the following.

CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON ACUPUNCTURE TRETMENT OF UROSCHESIS

Uroschesis is manifested by. incompleteness or difficulty in urination or even incapability of urination. Clinically, the symptoms include retention of urine and anuria induced by a variety of causes. In this study, the patients with anuria or oliguria due to lesions of renal parenchyma or renal failure were excluded. Using acupuncture, the author had treated 36 cases of functional uroshesis with satisfactory results as reported in the following.