Saussure, the greatest linguist in the 20^(th) century, is the founder of modern linguistics, semiology as well as structuralism linguistics. Moreover, his ideas have have influenced a great number of linguists in the...Saussure, the greatest linguist in the 20^(th) century, is the founder of modern linguistics, semiology as well as structuralism linguistics. Moreover, his ideas have have influenced a great number of linguists in the last ninety years. This paper aims to present and comment on some of his ideas in one of this masterworks—Course in General Linguistics. In the end, the author proposes some suggestions for further study.展开更多
Saussure and his linguistic theories have great influences for the study of linguistics and second language acquisition of the world over.Chinese linguistics more or less is influenced by Saussure's theories.This ...Saussure and his linguistic theories have great influences for the study of linguistics and second language acquisition of the world over.Chinese linguistics more or less is influenced by Saussure's theories.This paper is aiming to review all papers written by Chinese scholars on the records by CNKI(Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure) from 1979 to September 28(2012),meanwhile,and trying to analysis on studies of topics and contents in different periods about Saussure and his theories in China.展开更多
In the current debates over Saussure＇s principle of arbitrariness, there have occurred some confusions and misunderstandings, especially in the equation of Saussure＇s notion of arbitrariness with the classical notio...In the current debates over Saussure＇s principle of arbitrariness, there have occurred some confusions and misunderstandings, especially in the equation of Saussure＇s notion of arbitrariness with the classical notion of arbitrariness. In this article, the uniqueness of Saussure＇s arbitrariness is illustrated in, relation to the classical arbitrariness.展开更多
Simply, shape bionics is to extract an image feature of natural objects, and most of the techniques for transforming and presenting are focused on metaphorical effects. In particular, the extraction process of metapho...Simply, shape bionics is to extract an image feature of natural objects, and most of the techniques for transforming and presenting are focused on metaphorical effects. In particular, the extraction process of metaphor design seems to be related to the concept of Saussure signs. Therefore, this research <span>took the doll design of the Tiantoushui community in Changhua County, Ta</span>iwan as an example and attempted to use the Saussure concept to extract and evaluate the signs of bio-inspired design. The results showed that a total of three doll works symbolized respectively rice, guava, and pomelo implied the signification of local region by integrating the Saussure code image with the sign-image of the regional nature and transforming its content into “com<span>modity design” and further transferring into “the product value of cultural an</span>d creative”. In addition, the specific extraction process included 1) Extraction of image—adjectives in creative products;2) Meaning space of image—adjec</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"">- </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"">tives in creative products;3) Extraction and determination of design elements of creative products, and 4) Combined the sensibility of creative products and <span>design elements to derive design rules. After preliminary exploration of the</span> <span>extraction steps above, a concrete and efficient bio-inspired design proces</span>s was proposed in this work. Besides, it was inferred that if further combined with the post-modern design style, it may not only simplify the design elements of creative products but also enhance the design connotations in the future.展开更多
Ferdinand de Saussure and Leonard Bloomfield are two significant linguists in the world.Saussure is the"father of modern lin guistics"and Bloomfield is the founder of structuralist linguistics.This paper aim...Ferdinand de Saussure and Leonard Bloomfield are two significant linguists in the world.Saussure is the"father of modern lin guistics"and Bloomfield is the founder of structuralist linguistics.This paper aims to compare and contrast their theories and find the similar ities and differences.展开更多
Ontology is a core theory in Western philosophy,the study of‘which is focus on language itself’in ontological philos ophy of language promotes the development of philosophy of language.This paper studies the influen...Ontology is a core theory in Western philosophy,the study of‘which is focus on language itself’in ontological philos ophy of language promotes the development of philosophy of language.This paper studies the influences of ontology on Saussuri an linguistics,which finds that langue as an abstract holistic system is the linguistic being created by Saussure based on his study of ontology.展开更多
Saussure regarded nautical flag signalling codes as a prime example of semiological systems.They have something in common with language(e.g.,the principle of arbitrariness)but also some distinctive features(for instan...Saussure regarded nautical flag signalling codes as a prime example of semiological systems.They have something in common with language(e.g.,the principle of arbitrariness)but also some distinctive features(for instance,visual signifiers are unlike auditory ones in being able to deploy different features at the same time,such as shape and colour).The best-known example is the International Code of Signals(ICS).The system as it was during Saussure’s lifetime is explained with reference to his scattered observations,such as that a signal flag is merely“un morceau d’étoffe”until it is brought into use according to the prescriptions of the code shared by its users.Some commentators at the time envisaged this form of visual communication as a“universal language”.However,it is based on a restricted code,lacking the semantic universality of natural language.Each flag represents a letter,and combinations of flags represent predefined wordings in a“code book”.Such visual codes therefore depend on the prior existence of natural languages into and out of which they can be translated.展开更多
Every day we experience relationships with artefacts, which describe material objects made by humans in order to reach a goal and exploit the human feature to plan ahead. Artefacts bring together cognitive evolution a...Every day we experience relationships with artefacts, which describe material objects made by humans in order to reach a goal and exploit the human feature to plan ahead. Artefacts bring together cognitive evolution and technical enhancement. Although artefacts are conceived as technical, we are now facing a relationship with Information Technology （IT） artefacts. IT artefacts include both hardware and software, as a two-sided entity. The definition of IT artefact corresponds with the Saussurean linguistic sign： a two-sided entity constituted by the signifier （hardware） and the signified （software）. I claim that IT artefacts share this ontological trait with the linguistic sign. I will show that IT artefacts are the result of design and planning, while language--which is an institution--is not the fabrication of one human but linked to collective human activity.展开更多
The wide acceptability of Nigerian hip hop music,home and abroad,indicates increasing value of the inclusion of local popular languages in the composition and performance of the music.In the text of many of the award ...The wide acceptability of Nigerian hip hop music,home and abroad,indicates increasing value of the inclusion of local popular languages in the composition and performance of the music.In the text of many of the award winning singles and albums are mixtures of different languages ranging from English,Pidgin English,Yoruba,Igbo and other local dialects.Drawing on Ferdinand de Saussure’s theory of structuralism,this study examines meaning construction in hip hop music in Nigeria.By focusing on the Nigerian hip hop artists,who adopt different slangs embedded with codes considered absurd within the mainstream cultural milieu,the study closely investigates constructed meanings in the lyrics of four Nigerian award winning hip hop artists.All the artists adopted multilingual codes-switching from one language to another in presentation of their messages.The codes in the songs generally symbolise and present messages or meaning that appears out of the mainstream cultural meanings.Listeners and artistes meet at the level of interpretations.The article argues that Nigerian artists creatively present a sub-culture where they and their fans can relate through codes and words embedded with symbolic meanings shared by both artists and fans.展开更多
法国的符号学研究,是世界范围内符号学研究的一支劲旅。法国符号学,可分为在semiologie名下的"结构论符号学"和在semiotique名下的"巴黎符号学学派"(Ecole de Paris)。前者的定名早于后者,而结构语言学传统是它们...法国的符号学研究,是世界范围内符号学研究的一支劲旅。法国符号学,可分为在semiologie名下的"结构论符号学"和在semiotique名下的"巴黎符号学学派"(Ecole de Paris)。前者的定名早于后者,而结构语言学传统是它们的共同发源地,只是两者各自的依据和侧重点有所不同。如今,巴黎符号学学派已经成为法国符号学研究的主流,大有盖过结构论符号学之势。本文拟尝试梳理瑞士语言学家saussure、丹麦语言学家Hjelmslev和法国语言学家Benveniste的相关理论对于以Greimas为核心的巴黎符号学学派在构建自己的理论与实践过程中所产生的影响,突出其作为该学派形成与发展的语言学之基础,并历时性地显示它们之间的承袭关系与随后的理论突破。展开更多
The arbitrariness of the linguistic sign is a key semiological concept.Saussure’s Course in General Linguistics presented it,particularly in the context of the opposition between absolute and relative arbitrariness,a...The arbitrariness of the linguistic sign is a key semiological concept.Saussure’s Course in General Linguistics presented it,particularly in the context of the opposition between absolute and relative arbitrariness,as an irrational principle.The paper is an attempt to answer the questions of how exactly the differentiation between absolute and relative arbitrariness in Saussurean semiology relates to the systemic nature of language,what constitutes the irrationality of arbitrariness,and what could be considered its rational counterpart.展开更多
Course in General Linguistics (1916) is an indispensable “Great Book” in the contemporary canon of ideas.This foundational text laid out an innovative research program in contemporary semiotics and it led to the dev...Course in General Linguistics (1916) is an indispensable “Great Book” in the contemporary canon of ideas.This foundational text laid out an innovative research program in contemporary semiotics and it led to the development of structuralist methods in the humanities.Recent developments in Saussurean scholarship offer multiple venues for developing a critical perspective on this programmatic text.Specifically,the materials from the linguist’s Nachlass (works unpublished or unexhibited at Saussure’s death,some of them recently discovered) challenge the official doctrine associated with the Course (a posthumous redaction published in 1916 and attributed to Saussure who died in 1913) and with structural linguistics (a “return to Saussure” in the 1950s and 60s France).The official doctrine maps language onto a set of hierarchical oppositions between la langue and la parole,and synchrony and diachrony.According to Saussure’s own writings,language intersects structure with speech,and stability with temporal change (Saussure,2006;Stawarska,2020,2015).Instead of a vertical dualism elevating the synchronous structure (the presumed proper object of study in scientific linguistics) above the evolving patterns of use,we find that language has a “double essence” (Saussure,2006,p.144) and it exists equally in the present and in the past;furthermore,duality is a “first and last” principle in general linguistics (p.3).This inescapable duality is rendered more concrete in this essay by studying linguistic creativity,specifically,innovation by analogy.展开更多
文摘Saussure, the greatest linguist in the 20^(th) century, is the founder of modern linguistics, semiology as well as structuralism linguistics. Moreover, his ideas have have influenced a great number of linguists in the last ninety years. This paper aims to present and comment on some of his ideas in one of this masterworks—Course in General Linguistics. In the end, the author proposes some suggestions for further study.
文摘Saussure and his linguistic theories have great influences for the study of linguistics and second language acquisition of the world over.Chinese linguistics more or less is influenced by Saussure's theories.This paper is aiming to review all papers written by Chinese scholars on the records by CNKI(Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure) from 1979 to September 28(2012),meanwhile,and trying to analysis on studies of topics and contents in different periods about Saussure and his theories in China.
文摘In the current debates over Saussure＇s principle of arbitrariness, there have occurred some confusions and misunderstandings, especially in the equation of Saussure＇s notion of arbitrariness with the classical notion of arbitrariness. In this article, the uniqueness of Saussure＇s arbitrariness is illustrated in, relation to the classical arbitrariness.
文摘Simply, shape bionics is to extract an image feature of natural objects, and most of the techniques for transforming and presenting are focused on metaphorical effects. In particular, the extraction process of metaphor design seems to be related to the concept of Saussure signs. Therefore, this research <span>took the doll design of the Tiantoushui community in Changhua County, Ta</span>iwan as an example and attempted to use the Saussure concept to extract and evaluate the signs of bio-inspired design. The results showed that a total of three doll works symbolized respectively rice, guava, and pomelo implied the signification of local region by integrating the Saussure code image with the sign-image of the regional nature and transforming its content into “com<span>modity design” and further transferring into “the product value of cultural an</span>d creative”. In addition, the specific extraction process included 1) Extraction of image—adjectives in creative products;2) Meaning space of image—adjec</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"">- </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"">tives in creative products;3) Extraction and determination of design elements of creative products, and 4) Combined the sensibility of creative products and <span>design elements to derive design rules. After preliminary exploration of the</span> <span>extraction steps above, a concrete and efficient bio-inspired design proces</span>s was proposed in this work. Besides, it was inferred that if further combined with the post-modern design style, it may not only simplify the design elements of creative products but also enhance the design connotations in the future.
文摘Ferdinand de Saussure and Leonard Bloomfield are two significant linguists in the world.Saussure is the"father of modern lin guistics"and Bloomfield is the founder of structuralist linguistics.This paper aims to compare and contrast their theories and find the similar ities and differences.
文摘Ontology is a core theory in Western philosophy,the study of‘which is focus on language itself’in ontological philos ophy of language promotes the development of philosophy of language.This paper studies the influences of ontology on Saussuri an linguistics,which finds that langue as an abstract holistic system is the linguistic being created by Saussure based on his study of ontology.
文摘Saussure regarded nautical flag signalling codes as a prime example of semiological systems.They have something in common with language(e.g.,the principle of arbitrariness)but also some distinctive features(for instance,visual signifiers are unlike auditory ones in being able to deploy different features at the same time,such as shape and colour).The best-known example is the International Code of Signals(ICS).The system as it was during Saussure’s lifetime is explained with reference to his scattered observations,such as that a signal flag is merely“un morceau d’étoffe”until it is brought into use according to the prescriptions of the code shared by its users.Some commentators at the time envisaged this form of visual communication as a“universal language”.However,it is based on a restricted code,lacking the semantic universality of natural language.Each flag represents a letter,and combinations of flags represent predefined wordings in a“code book”.Such visual codes therefore depend on the prior existence of natural languages into and out of which they can be translated.
文摘Every day we experience relationships with artefacts, which describe material objects made by humans in order to reach a goal and exploit the human feature to plan ahead. Artefacts bring together cognitive evolution and technical enhancement. Although artefacts are conceived as technical, we are now facing a relationship with Information Technology （IT） artefacts. IT artefacts include both hardware and software, as a two-sided entity. The definition of IT artefact corresponds with the Saussurean linguistic sign： a two-sided entity constituted by the signifier （hardware） and the signified （software）. I claim that IT artefacts share this ontological trait with the linguistic sign. I will show that IT artefacts are the result of design and planning, while language--which is an institution--is not the fabrication of one human but linked to collective human activity.
文摘The wide acceptability of Nigerian hip hop music,home and abroad,indicates increasing value of the inclusion of local popular languages in the composition and performance of the music.In the text of many of the award winning singles and albums are mixtures of different languages ranging from English,Pidgin English,Yoruba,Igbo and other local dialects.Drawing on Ferdinand de Saussure’s theory of structuralism,this study examines meaning construction in hip hop music in Nigeria.By focusing on the Nigerian hip hop artists,who adopt different slangs embedded with codes considered absurd within the mainstream cultural milieu,the study closely investigates constructed meanings in the lyrics of four Nigerian award winning hip hop artists.All the artists adopted multilingual codes-switching from one language to another in presentation of their messages.The codes in the songs generally symbolise and present messages or meaning that appears out of the mainstream cultural meanings.Listeners and artistes meet at the level of interpretations.The article argues that Nigerian artists creatively present a sub-culture where they and their fans can relate through codes and words embedded with symbolic meanings shared by both artists and fans.
文摘法国的符号学研究,是世界范围内符号学研究的一支劲旅。法国符号学,可分为在semiologie名下的"结构论符号学"和在semiotique名下的"巴黎符号学学派"(Ecole de Paris)。前者的定名早于后者,而结构语言学传统是它们的共同发源地,只是两者各自的依据和侧重点有所不同。如今,巴黎符号学学派已经成为法国符号学研究的主流,大有盖过结构论符号学之势。本文拟尝试梳理瑞士语言学家saussure、丹麦语言学家Hjelmslev和法国语言学家Benveniste的相关理论对于以Greimas为核心的巴黎符号学学派在构建自己的理论与实践过程中所产生的影响,突出其作为该学派形成与发展的语言学之基础,并历时性地显示它们之间的承袭关系与随后的理论突破。
文摘The arbitrariness of the linguistic sign is a key semiological concept.Saussure’s Course in General Linguistics presented it,particularly in the context of the opposition between absolute and relative arbitrariness,as an irrational principle.The paper is an attempt to answer the questions of how exactly the differentiation between absolute and relative arbitrariness in Saussurean semiology relates to the systemic nature of language,what constitutes the irrationality of arbitrariness,and what could be considered its rational counterpart.
文摘Course in General Linguistics (1916) is an indispensable “Great Book” in the contemporary canon of ideas.This foundational text laid out an innovative research program in contemporary semiotics and it led to the development of structuralist methods in the humanities.Recent developments in Saussurean scholarship offer multiple venues for developing a critical perspective on this programmatic text.Specifically,the materials from the linguist’s Nachlass (works unpublished or unexhibited at Saussure’s death,some of them recently discovered) challenge the official doctrine associated with the Course (a posthumous redaction published in 1916 and attributed to Saussure who died in 1913) and with structural linguistics (a “return to Saussure” in the 1950s and 60s France).The official doctrine maps language onto a set of hierarchical oppositions between la langue and la parole,and synchrony and diachrony.According to Saussure’s own writings,language intersects structure with speech,and stability with temporal change (Saussure,2006;Stawarska,2020,2015).Instead of a vertical dualism elevating the synchronous structure (the presumed proper object of study in scientific linguistics) above the evolving patterns of use,we find that language has a “double essence” (Saussure,2006,p.144) and it exists equally in the present and in the past;furthermore,duality is a “first and last” principle in general linguistics (p.3).This inescapable duality is rendered more concrete in this essay by studying linguistic creativity,specifically,innovation by analogy.
