Soil Seed Bank Characteristics of the Mbe and Nguela Shrub Savannas, and Implications for the Reforestation, Republic of Congo

The soil seed bank is an important source of restoration and resilience of disturbed ecosystems. This study evaluates the regeneration potential through the soil seed bank of the shrub savannas of Nguela and Mbe in order to predict the eventual dynamics. Three plots of 0.25 ha subdivided into four sub-plots of 0.015 ha have been installed in each savannah. In total, 48 samples of each savannah, i.e. 96 samples of both savannas, have been taken from the soil layers, 0 - 5 cm, 5 - 10 cm, 10 - 15 cm and 15 - 20 cm. Species diversity and abundance of the soil seed bank have been assessed after germination. The results reveal 167 seedlings belonging to 23 species in the Mbe savannah and 144 seedlings belonging to 14 species in the Nguela savannah. The total densities of the germinated seeds were respectively 463.63 seeds/m2 and 400 seeds/m2. Nevertheless, the 20 cm deep layers have illustrated themselves compared to the superficial layers with densities of 16.29 seeds/m2 and 21.66 seeds/m2, respectively, in the savannas of Mbe and Nguela. Herbaceous species largely dominated, with percentages of 91% and 100%, respectively, in the savannas of Mbe and Nguela. Alone, the Trema orientalis (L.) Blume species has been identified as woody species in the Mbe savannah. The greatest specific richness has been obtained in the first five centimeters of soil, with 21.73% and 28.57% of exclusive species, respectively, in the savannas of Mbe and Nguela. The results reveal that restoration through the soil seed bank would be limited to a single woody species found (T. orientalis). Consequently, the study suggests silvicultural interventions based on planting or enrichment techniques for sustainably managed savannas exposed to anthropogenic disturbances.

Infiltration pattern beneath shrub canopy and interspace grass patches in typical steppe ecosystems of Inner Mongolia, China

Water is the most critical factor for controlling die vegetation pattern in arid and semiarid regions.Using a dye-tracing experiment,we analyzed the infiltration pattern beneath shrub canopy and interspace grass patches in typical steppe ecosystems.The dye coverage,uniform infiltration depth,maximum infiltration depth,total stained area and heterogeneous infiltration stained area were measured by two indices,the maximum infiltration depth index(MIDI)and heterogeneous infiltration index(HII),which were calculated by processing dye-stained photos.The MIDI and HII of soil under shrubs were 1.41±0.14 and 0.29±0.068,respectively,and larger than those of grass soil,1.26±0.14 and0.20±0.076.Using the MIDI,HII,field soil moisture and rainfall data,the infiltration depth and heterogeneous infiltration amount for 26 nature rainfall events were calculated.The results imply that water can infiltrate to a deeper layer beneath shrub canopy than beneath grass patches and that more water infiltration occurs beneath shrub canopy than beneath grass patches.These results are of prime importance for arid and semiarid ecosystems with a limited water supply due to high evaporation and low precipitation.

Seasonal Patterns of Soil Respiration in Three Types of Communities along Grass-Desert Shrub Transition in Inner Mongolia, China

The seasonal dynamics of soil respiration in steppe （S. bungeana）, desert shrub （A. ordosica）, and shrubperennial （A. ordosica ＋C. komarovii） communities were investigated during the growth season （May to October） in 2006; their environmental driving factors were also analyzed. In the three communities, soil respiration showed similar characteristics in their growth seasons, with peak respiration values in July and August owing to suitable temperature and soil moisture conditions during this period. Meanwhile, changes in soil respiration were greatly influenced by temperatures and surface soil moistures. Soil water content at a depth of 0 to 10 cm was identified as the key environmental factor affecting the variation in soil respiration in the steppe. In contrast, in desert shrub and shrub-perennial communities, the dynamics of soil respiration was significantly influenced by air temperature. Similarly, the various responses of soil respiration to environmental factors may be attributed to the different soil textures and distribution patterns of plant roots. In desert ecosystems, precipitation results in soil respiration pulses. Soil carbon dioxide （CO2） effluxes greatly increased after rainfall rewetting in all of the ecosystems under study. However, the precipitation pulse effect differed across the ecosystem. We propose that this may be a result of a reverse effect from the soil texture.

元谋干热河谷不同植被类型对生物多样性的影响

以元谋干热河谷草地、稀树灌草丛、人工混交林、人工纯林4种代表植被类型为对象,应用植物重要值、Simpson优势度指数、Shannon多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Jaccard相似系数,分析研究区不同植被的生物多样性水平及不同植被对生物多样性的影响。结果表明:研究区共有植物27科43属52种,其中,乔木层6科8属9种,灌木层13科16属17种,地被层17科26属26种。乔木层以滇榄仁(Terminalia franchetii)、余甘子(Phyllanthus emblica)、锥连栎(Quercus franchetii)为优势种,灌木层以华西小石积(Osteomeles schwerinae)、沙针(Osyris lanceolata)、西南杭子梢(Campylotropis delavayi)、车桑子(Dodonaea viscosa)为优势种,地被层则以扭黄茅(Heteropogon contortus)和拟金茅(Eulaliopsis binata)为优势种。元谋干热河谷主要植物群落的多样性水平较低。其中,人工混交林的Shannon多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数最高,分别为1.90、2.28,植物种类相对较多、物种多样性较好;以禾本科为主要优势种的草地Simpson优势度指数、Pielou均匀度指数最高,分别为0.82、0.98。不同植被类型间Margalef丰富度指数差异显著,Simpson优势度指数、Shannon多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数差异不显著。元谋干热河谷植被生物多样性指数普遍较低,4种植被类型的Jaccard相似系数为0.16~0.31,相似性程度较低,物种组成有较大差异。

不同灌草组合与行数比对多花木蓝灌草地牧草产量的影响

[目的]探明灌草组合和行数比对灌草地牧草产量的影响,为贵州中低海拔喀斯特地区多花木蓝灌草地建植与饲草生产提供依据。[方法]以黔南多花木蓝(I)、钻石T多花黑麦草(L)、宽叶雀稗(P)和WL525HQ紫花苜蓿(M)为试验材料,采用随机区组试验设计,研究7种灌草组合(A1,I 13.50kg/hm^(2)+L 24.00 kg/hm^(2);A2,113.50 kg/hm^(2)+P 9.00 kg/hm^(2);A3,113.50 kg/hm^(2)+P 9.00 kg/hm^(2)+M 7.50 kg/hm^(2);A4,I 13.50 kg/hm^(2)+P 11.70 kg/hm^(2)+M 3.00 kg/hm^(2);A5,I 13.50 kg/hm^(2)+L 8.40 kg/hm^(2)+P 8.10 kg/hm^(2)+M 3.75 kg/hm^(2);A6,I 13.50 kg/hm^(2)+L 12.00 kg/hm^(2)+P 4.50 kg/hm^(2)+M 7.50 kg/hm^(2);A7,I 13.50 kg/hm^(2)+L 14.40 kg/hm^(2)+P 4.95kg/hm^(2)+M5.25 kg/hm^(2))和5种行数比(B_(1),1:3;B_(2),1:2;B_(3),1:1;B_(4),2:1;B_(5),3:1)处理,多花木蓝混播灌草地牧草产量的变化。[结果]灌草组合和行数比对灌草地的灌草产量构成和总产量均有显著影响。多花木蓝与3种草本混播灌草地的总产量较高,其中,以A6生产表现最好,为15.25 t/hm^(2)。多花木蓝与草本牧草以行数比B_(1)(1:3)或B_(2)(1:2)混播效果较好,牧草产量为13.33 t/hm^(2)和14.13 t/hm^(2)。不同建植模式以A6B_(1)的总产量最高,为16.66 t/hm^(2);A6B_(2)(15.94 t/hm^(2))和A6B_(3)(15.77 t/hm^(2))其次。[结论]牧草产量以灌草组合13.50 kg/hm^(2)多花木蓝+12.00 kg/hm^(2)多花黑麦草+4.50 kg/hm^(2)宽叶雀稗+7.50 kg/hm^(2)紫花苜蓿按灌草行数比1:3混播的最高,可作为贵州中低海拔喀斯特地区多花木蓝灌草地建植的适宜模式推广应用。

高陡光滑岩质边坡绿化防护技术

由深路堑土石方开挖而形成的高陡光滑岩质边坡往往具有很大安全隐患和环境影响,需要采用有效的绿化防护技术以增强其稳定性和发挥生态功能。结合某高速公路扩建工程施工,从土工材料与植物生态条的结合、植物品种的选择与组合、以及土基加固等方面,探讨了适用于陡峭且光滑岩质边坡的绿化防护关键技术,包括TBS(turf base seeding)植草(灌)防护和喷播养护策略,增加客土厚度和采用双层TBS镀锌网片加固等。实践表明,上述措施能显著提升植被的绿化成活率和边坡的稳定性。研究结果可为类似地质环境下的绿化防护工程的设计与施工提供有价值的参考。

Vegetation recovery after fire in mountain grasslands of Argentina

Fire is a natural disturbance occurring every few years in many grasslands ecosystems. However, since European colonization, fire has been highly reduced or even suppressed in Argentinean grasslands, fostering ignitable material accumulation. This has led to occasional catastrophic controldemanding fire events, extended for larger areas. The aims of this work are to study vegetation recovery and change after a non-natural fire event in mountain grasslands. The study area is located in the Ventania mountain system, mid-eastern Argentina. We studied vegetation recovery after fire(January 2014) in two different communities: grass-steppes(grasslands) and shrub-steppes(open low shrublands). We measured vegetation cover, species richness and bare ground percentage in burned and unburned areas 1, 4, 8, 11 and 23 months after fire. Vegetation surveys were also performed at the end of the growing season(December) 11 and 23 months after fire. Data were analyzed using regression analysis, ANOVA and multivariate analysis(NMS, PERMANOVA). Both communities increased their vegetation cover at the same rate, without differences between burned and unburned areas after two years. Species richness was higher in shrublands and their recovery was alsofaster than in grasslands. Considering functional composition, besides transient changes during the first year after fire, there were no differences in abundance of different functional vegetation groups two years after fire. At the same time, shrublands showed no differences in species composition, while grasslands had a different species composition in burned and unburned plots. Also, burned grassland showed a higher species richness than unburned grassland. Data shown mountain vegetation in Pampas grassland is adapted to fire, recovering cover and richness rapidly after fire and thus reducing soil erosion risks. Vegetation in mountain Pampas seems to be well adapted to fire, but in grasslands species composition has changed due to fire. Nonetheless, these changes seem to be not permanent since prefire species are still present in the area.

草灌比例对新垦山地田埂边坡生态护坡效果的影响研究

山地开垦过程中形成的裸露边坡在水力侵蚀和重力侵蚀下易坍塌,直接影响到田地的耕作,因此在开发新垦山地的同时,需采取配套的生态护坡措施,将人为造地对生态的影响降到最低。选择本地草种狗牙根与马棘、胡枝子、盐肤木3种灌木,分别设置17.4%、13.6%、9.5%、5%四种草本比例在新垦山地的田埂边坡进行草灌混播试验,结果表明:草本比例过高会使植物密度过大,影响灌木的生长,不利于边坡稳固;综合混播植物生长情况、恢复的植物数量、土壤含水率、土壤抗剪强度和土壤紧实度情况来看,以草本比例5%为最优比例,此比例既可在喷播初期让草本快速发挥护坡作用,又不影响灌木生长,且可节省施工时的材料成本,可为新垦山地的生态护坡技术提供借鉴。

灌草种子喷播机喷播系统设计与性能试验

GBZP-3.6型灌草种子喷播机可用于半固定沙地、流动沙地和沙化退化草原等立地条件的灌草种子喷播作业,其关键部件风种混合负压仓的创新性结构设计和应用解决了喷播系统均匀出种问题,同时,扇形鸭嘴状结构的喷头和4个喷头的空间位置分布有效解决了漏播问题。本研究系统介绍了GBZP-3.6型灌草种子喷播机整机机构和喷播系统关键部件,并开展了灌草种子播量测试和喷播均匀性试验,评估了GBZP-3.6型灌草种子喷播机作业综合性能和应用效果,为该机型推广应用提供技术支撑。结果表明,GBZP-3.6型灌草种子喷播机灌草种子播量为17~178 kg·hm^(-2),可以满足沙地和草地修复治理中对播量的要求;播种箱排种轴的槽轮开口比例为25%,排种轴转速为60 r·min^(-1)和110 r·min^(-1)下的喷播稳定性较好;在沙化草地和平缓沙地作业适宜速度为3 km·h^(-1),作业带宽为4 m,平均落种量为339粒·m^(-2),落种均匀性良好。

晋西黄土区不同林分类型和密度条件下林下灌草组成及多样性特征

【目的】研究晋西黄土区刺槐Robinia pseudoacacia人工林、油松Pinus tabulaeformis人工林、刺槐-油松人工混交林、山杨Populus davidiana-栎类Quercus spp.天然次生林的植物组成及植物多样性指标,探讨不同林分类型、不同密度条件下灌草植物多样性,为晋西黄土区植被建设和功能提升提供理论基础。【方法】通过野外调查,对低密度(800~1200株·hm^(−2))、中密度(1200~1600株·hm^(−2))、高密度(1600~2000株·hm^(−2))条件下22~25年生的4种林分林下灌草植物组成与植物多样性进行分析。【结果】①4种林分灌草植物共87种,隶属36科69属,其中灌木植物46种,隶属22科36属,草本植物41种,隶属17科33属。4种林分林下灌木和草本植物种数均在中密度时最多,表现为山杨-栎类天然次生林最多,油松人工林最少,刺槐-油松人工混交林的灌木层植物种数处于较高水平,刺槐人工林草本层植物种数较刺槐-油松人工混交林丰富。②4种林分灌草植物随林分密度增大呈现由阳生向中生、阴生植物过渡的变化规律。主要优势灌木分别为黄刺玫Rosa xanthine、连翘Forsythia suspensa,主要优势草本是薹草Carex spp.、沿阶草Ophiopogon bodinieri。③不同林分类型灌木层和草本层植物多样性指数存在一定差异,山杨-栎类天然次生林和刺槐-油松人工混交林在中密度时的植物多样性优于人工纯林,且随林分密度增大,灌木层和草本层植物多样性指数整体上呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势。【结论】研究区山杨-栎类天然次生林和刺槐-油松人工混交林在中密度时植物组成复杂且具有较高的植物多样性。建议通过人工抚育调整林分密度,并向中密度刺槐-油松人工混交林或近自然林进行改造,为黄刺玫、连翘等灌木植物及薹草、沿阶草等草本植物建立良好生长条件,同时保护研究区的山杨-栎类天然次生林,以促进植被恢复,强化其水土保持功能。图1表4参26。

落叶松天然林灌草多样性对林分乔木特征的响应

生物多样性是生态系统结构和功能稳定性的重要基础。本研究以华北落叶松天然次生林为研究对象,2021年7月,在山西省庞泉沟国家级自然保护区设置有代表性的固定样地共27块,样地规格为20 m×20 m。在每块样地的对角线位置分别设置3个5 m×5 m的灌木样方,每个灌木样方的中心再分别设置1个1 m×1 m的样方进行草本调查。本研究主要采用物种丰富度指数(D)、Simpson多样性指数(H’)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)、Pielou物种均匀度指数(Jsw)、重要值等指标分别统计描述林下灌木层、草本层的物种特征,采用SPSS软件对林分乔木特征因子与灌木层、草本层多样性指数进行相关性分析,以探究林下植被物种多样性对林分乔木特征的响应。结果表明:本研究共记录林下植物25种,其中灌木5科9属9种,草本12科16属16种。影响林下灌木层的主要林分乔木因子为林分密度和平均冠幅。草本层的优势物种的丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数在各密度等级样地间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。影响林下草本层生物多样性的主要林分特征因子为林分平均胸径和平均活枝下高。平均胸径、平均活枝下高、林分密度和平均冠幅是影响华北落叶松天然次生林林下植被多样性的主要乔木特征因子。

攀枝花苏铁种群主要功能性状对土壤有效养分的响应研究

为了解攀枝花苏铁种群主要功能性状分布特征及其对土壤有效养分的响应规律,在四川攀枝花苏铁国家级自然保护区干热河谷次生稀树灌木林内设立15个固定取样地(10 m×10 m),采集样地内攀枝花苏铁主要功能性状PHMAX(种群最大植株高度)、LA(小叶的叶面积)、SLA(比叶面积)、LDMC(叶片干物质含量)、土壤有效养分(AN、AP、AK)等数据,并运用Kruskal-Wallis test及多元统计分析各样地间攀枝花苏铁种群主要功能性状、土壤有效养分的分布特征及二者间关系。结果表明:攀枝花苏铁种群之间LA、LDMC、SLA以及土壤Al、AK、pH等均存在显著差异,但PHMAX、AN及AP并无显著差异。土壤有效钾AK和pH对攀枝花苏铁种群分布影响最大,攀枝花苏铁种群各主要功能性状间和各土壤有效养分间均呈现显著关联,且LA、SLA及LDMC等功能性状与AN、AP、AK均呈较微弱的正相关。攀枝花苏铁种群主要功能性状的分异主要源于土壤有效养分的异质性分布,AN、AP及AK的共同限制机制是该演替阶段森林群落内局域小尺度下攀枝花苏铁种群的主要生存压力,但随着森林进展演替的进行,相较AK而言,AN和AP对攀枝花苏铁种群正常生长发育的重要性将逐渐增大。

一款多功能沙障辅助种植机的设计

为了解决人工种植草方格和灌木劳动强度大,种植效率低的问题,设计了一款多功能沙障辅助种植机。该机器主要由主体机构、行进机构、沙障机构、灌木机构、供给机构构成,可以实现多种类型沙障的种植,并节省人力与成本,具有很好的使用价值。

川南地区马尾松林及其他人工林灌草层生物多样性研究

在川南地区6个县设置样地和样方,分县对比马尾松林和其他主要人工林,设置13个处理(Sample1-Sample13),通过物种重要值、生物多样性指数(包括丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数、Pielou均匀度指数)、群落相似性研究了林下灌草层的生物多样性。结果表明:马尾松林和其他人工林灌草层的相同重要物种不多;生物多样性指数方面,马尾松林和其他人工林分县的28组对比中,松林占优的仅有8组。对比不同县马尾松林灌草层群落的相似性时,草本层的决定作用更大。

封育对干热河谷稀树灌草丛退化草地土壤种子库和植物多样性的影响

于2004年对金沙江干热河谷地区典型稀树灌草丛退化草地进行了围栏封育。在封育后第1年和第2年,以未围栏封育退化草地为对照,对草地土壤种子库和植被的物种组成、密度变化、多样性变化及土壤种子库与植被群落的相似性进行了调查和分析。结果表明,随着围栏封育年限的增加,土壤种子库密度和植物密度增加极显著(P<0.001),其物种组成主要以一年生草本为主。在围栏封育过程中,土壤种子库和物种丰富度明显下降,物种多样性降低,植被均匀性下降。随着封育年限增加,土壤种子库物种组成相似性指数和植被物种组成相似性指数均降低。

三峡库区不同植被类型土壤养分特征

通过三峡库区8个植被类型370个样地的群落调查和土壤分析,研究了不同植被类型、土壤类型、海拔对表层土壤有机质及全氮、速效磷、速效钾含量的影响。结果表明:(1)三峡库区不同植被类型土壤有机质、全氮平均含量规律为阔叶林>竹林>针叶林>灌丛>草丛,森林土壤有机质及全氮平均含量丰富;速效磷平均含量表现为草丛>落叶阔叶林>灌丛>暖性针叶林>常绿落叶阔叶混交林>温性针叶林>竹林>常绿阔叶林,草丛与其他植被类型差异显著;速效钾平均含量表现为常绿落叶阔叶混交林>落叶阔叶林>灌丛>针叶林>竹林>草丛>常绿阔叶林,竹林、草丛、常绿阔叶林与常绿落叶阔叶混交林、落叶阔叶林、灌丛、针叶林差异显著。(2)不同土壤类型养分含量差异显著,黄棕壤中有机质、全氮含量高,分别为6.83%、0.44%,紫色土中速效磷含量高,达到54.24mg/kg。(3)随海拔升高,有机质、全氮含量呈明显增加趋势,速效磷、速效钾含量变化趋势不明显。

喀斯特典型坡地旱季表层土壤水分时空变异性

基于网格(10 m×10 m)取样,用地统计学方法研究了桂西北喀斯特地区典型灌丛与草灌两种植被类型坡地(90 m×120 m)旱季(2011年10月至2012年3月)表层(0—16 cm)土壤水分含量的空间变异特征。结果表明:整个采样期灌丛坡地的土壤水分含量明显要高于草灌坡地,两种类型坡地的表层土壤水分含量均属于中等程度的变异(10%<Cv<100%),且灌丛坡地的变异系数大于草灌坡地。两种植被类型坡地的土壤水分含量与降雨量的波动变化趋势相同,而与土壤水分变异系数的变化趋势整体相反。土壤水分含量均具有明显的空间依赖性和空间结构。两种类型坡地土壤水分的变程与块基比的变化趋势都大致相反,灌丛坡地土壤水分的变程与土壤水分含量均值的变化趋势在采样前期和中期趋势相反,在采样后期趋势相同,而草灌坡地土壤水分的变程与土壤水分含量均值的变化趋势大致相同。两块样地土壤水分的变异系数、变程与块基比均随土壤水分含量的变化有一定的季节变化规律,说明平均土壤水分含量对土壤水分空间格局的主导作用是持续存在的,结合研究目标可以有效指导后续的土壤采样。虽然两块样地表层土壤水分含量整体沿坡面自上而下呈递增趋势,但土壤水分含量最大值均分布在样地下坡位右侧地段,这主要与该地段坡度较缓、土壤厚度较大且碎石含量较低有关。

内蒙古浑善达克沙地97种植物的光合生理特征(英文)

报告了内蒙古浑善达克沙地不同生境下 97种不同科、属植物的光合速率、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率特征。结果表明 :猪毛菜 (Salsolacollina)、沙米 (Agriophyllumpungens)、黑沙蒿 (Artemisiaordosica)、狗尾草 (Setariaviridis)、柠条 (Caraganamicrophylla)等具有C4 光合碳同化途径或具固氮能力的植物种具有较高的光合能力 ,其净光合速率大于 30 μmolCO2 ·m- 2 ·s- 1 ,而大部分具C3途径和无固氮能力的植物种的净光合速率较低 ,为 1 .2 9～ 1 0 μmolCO2 ·m- 2 ·s- 1 ;71 %的植物种蒸腾速率集中在 2～ 1 0mmolH2 O·m- 2 ·s- 1 。所选出的高光效植物种在当地植被恢复与重建过程中应有很高利用价值。C4 植物种占所测植物种的 1 / 5左右 ,主要分布于固定沙丘上 ,且随着生境土壤湿度的增大其与C3植物种的光合速率差异逐渐缩小。在 3种生境条件下 ,灌木和草本植物的光合速率和蒸腾速率顺序为 :低湿地 >滩地 >固定沙丘 (p <0 .0 1 ) ,而乔木为固定沙丘 >滩地 (p <0 .0 1 )。不同功能型植物的气体交换特征随生境的不同而异 ,在固定沙丘上 ,草本的蒸腾速率最高 ,乔木的水分利用率最高 。

华北山地阳坡中生灌草植被对CO_2浓度和温度变化的光合响应

利用便携式光合气体分析系统(LI-6400),从全球变化的角度分析华北山地阳坡灌草植被群落中5种具有代表性的植物光合特征对CO2浓度和温度变化的响应。结果表明:随着温度的升高,狗尾草Setaria viridis和龙牙草Agrimonia pilosa净光合速率呈明显增大趋势,在华北山地阳坡灌草群落中具有较强的竞争力,而达乌里胡枝子Lespedeza davurica的净光合速率对CO2的响应值降低,在环境温度升高的条件下不利于其光合产物的积累。

黄土区石油污染对土壤及豆科灌草植物的潜在影响

以不同程度石油污染的土壤进行盆栽试验,研究黄土区石油污染对土壤和豆科灌草种子发芽和幼苗生长的潜在影响,由此确定适宜的修复物种。结果表明:石油污染对土壤细菌和真菌呈非单调抑制、对放线菌呈单调抑制作用;对土壤过氧化氢酶活性影响不明显,对脲酶、多酚氧化酶和蛋白酶活性呈单调抑制作用,对蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和脱氢酶活性呈单调促进作用;可使得土壤向偏碱性发展,对有机碳含量呈单调提升作用,对氮、磷和钾的有效性均呈单调抑制作用。在无污染情况下,毛苕子(Vicia villosa)和紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)属极易发芽种子,紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)和草木樨(Melilotus officinalis)属较易发芽种子,胡枝子(Lespedeza bicolor)和沙打旺(As-tragalus adsurgens)属较难发芽种子,而小冠花(Coronilla varia)、柠条(Caragana microphylla)和红豆草(Onobry-chis viciaefolia)属极难发芽种子;其中,胡枝子、毛苕子、紫穗槐、紫花苜蓿和沙打旺属于旺盛生长灌草类型。受到石油污染后,对柠条、小冠花和红豆草种子发芽率影响不显著或有所促进,其余灌草种子均受到抑制,对所有灌草幼苗的生物量均表现出明显的抑制作用。从油污土壤修复的角度考虑,柠条、紫穗槐、毛苕子和紫花苜蓿较适宜播种发芽且后期生长良好,红豆草、小冠花、沙打旺较适宜播种发芽但后期生长不良,草木樨和胡枝子既不适宜播种发芽且后期生长不良。