Research on a TOPSIS energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems based on a GA-BP neural network

As the main link of ground engineering,crude oil gathering and transportation systems require huge energy consumption and complex structures.It is necessary to establish an energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems and identify the energy efficiency gaps.In this paper,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system in an oilfield in western China is established.Combined with the big data analysis method,the GA-BP neural network is used to establish the energy efficiency index prediction model for crude oil gathering and transportation systems.The comprehensive energy consumption,gas consumption,power consumption,energy utilization rate,heat utilization rate,and power utilization rate of crude oil gathering and transportation systems are predicted.Considering the efficiency and unit consumption index of the crude oil gathering and transportation system,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system is established based on a game theory combined weighting method and TOPSIS evaluation method,and the subjective weight is determined by the triangular fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.The entropy weight method determines the objective weight,and the combined weight of game theory combines subjectivity with objectivity to comprehensively evaluate the comprehensive energy efficiency of crude oil gathering and transportation systems and their subsystems.Finally,the weak links in energy utilization are identified,and energy conservation and consumption reduction are improved.The above research provides technical support for the green,efficient and intelligent development of crude oil gathering and transportation systems.

Analysis on Technical Measures on Energy Saving and Consumption Reducing During Stevia Sugar Production

Based on the analysis of actual energy consumptions during stevia sugar production,practical measures were proposed to save energy（ gas,water and powder） consumption and reduce cost through waste heat recycle and utilization,process improvement,equipment operation efficiency,application of newly energysaving equipment,and some project applications were provided as case study for some techniques and methods adopted in the production.

Working Practice on Energy--saving and Consumption--reducing in Coal Preparation Plant of Baiyuan Colliery

针对白源煤业选煤厂生产成本管理存在的问题进行剖析，通过依靠科技创新，加大技改力度，完善工艺流程，强化管理等措施，进行节能降耗，取得了一定的成效。

Technical Analysis of Energy Saving and Emission Reducing in China's Cement Industry Based on LEAP Model

[Objective] The study aimed at evaluating the ability to save energy and reduce CO2 emission in China＇s cement industry. [Method] Based on long-term energy alternative planning system software （LEAP）, ＂LEAP of China＇s cement industry＂ model was established to simulate energy conservation and emission reduction in China＇s cement industry from 2010 to 2040 in different technologic situations. E ResultJ To save ener- gy and reduce CO2 emissions, new dry process kiln has priority over other technologies or measures, followed by equipment enlargement, mechani- cal shaft kiln, power generation system based on waste heat, as well as high-efficiency and energy-saving grinding technology, and new prepara- tion technology. If all the advanced technologies and measures are adopted, energy consumption and C02 emissions can be reduced by about 40.76% and 42.97% respectively. [ Condusion] LEAP of model is suitable for analyzing energy saving and emission reducing in China＇s cement industry and other industrial fields.

Saving Energy and Reducing Emission When Recycling Acetone dudng the Production of Soy Phospholipid

Acetone,which is volatile,flammable,toxic,expen- sive and causing serious air pollution,is often used as extracting solvent in the production of powdery soy phospholipid.Recycling and reusing acetone is the key of reducing the cost of production. Therefore,saving energy and reducing emission when recycling acetone are the most important technologies during the production of phospholipid.On the basis of the productivity of powdery phospholipid being 2.4 t every day,43.2 t acetone is reused every 8 h and the total volume of acetone gas emitted is 450.75 m3 (about 901.5 kg).According to the current price of acetone,the lost money is about 7212 yuan RMB.

Present situation and development of saving energy and reducing emission technology in iron ore sintering process

The energy consumption of iron ore sintering process is about 10%- 15%of the total of iron and steel industry.Therefore,it is of great significance to take effective measures to reduce the energy consumption in the iron ore sintering process to reduce the costs of sintering product and cut down the emissions of harmful gases,such as CO_2 and SO_2.In this study,the technology development of saving energy and reducing emission in iron ore sintering process was reviewed and discussed;some new directions and measures of saving energy were presented for the sintering process in the future.

Research on the Design and Energy Saving of New Rural Residential in the Southwest Area

The paper use advantage of local natural resources, greening and sufficient water resources, combine natural ecological environment design with rural architecture, and fully consider local economic base and material technical conditions, and takes site selection and planning, architectural design technology as the two core aspects to study rural residential energy conservation, improving thermal environment of indoor residential that use of nature building energy saving technique, efforts to reduce the use of mechanical equipment system, thereby reducing the rural residential building energy consumption.

Review of energy consumption research for papermaking industry based on life cycle analysis

Papermaking industry is a high-energy-consuming industry with long supply chain.The growth of paper product demand further intensifies the need of energy consumption.Energy saving through the full supply chain has become a focal point for long-term sustainable development of the papermaking industry.This paper reviews the advances in life cycle analysis for the papermaking industry in recent years.All the stages from the full supply chain are involved to give a panoramic overview of the papermaking industry.The object of this paper is to provide scientific basis to industry and decision-makers with profound understanding of the energy consumption and energy saving potential in a life cycle perspective.

Analyses of influence of residential buildings' space organization on heating energy consumption in Lhasa

The heating load simulation models of the residential buildings in Lhasa are established for enhancing the space organization’s adaptability to climate and radiation and improving its energy saving performance.The space organization items a e analyzed for both the existing buildings without insulation and new buildings with good insulation.The items include orientation design,south a d north balcony design,the north and south partition wall’s position design,storey height design and window-wall ratio design.Simulation results show that orientation is the key design element for energy saving design,and adverse orientation can obviouslyincrease heating energy consumption;south and north balconies can reduce winter heating energy consumption;partition walls move to the north,which means that the south room’s big depth design leads to less heating energy consumption,but the effect is not inconspicuous;smaier storey height results in less heating load.For the existing buildings,the window-wall ratio of south side has a balance point for energy saving design in the calculation condition.For the new buildings with good insulation,enlarging the south window-wal ratio can continuously reduce heating energy consumption,but the energy saving rate between models gets smaier.The heating energy consumption comparison study between the common model and optimal space design model demonstrates that the energy saving design can significantly reduce heating energy consumption

Energy Proficient Reduced Coverage Set with Particle Swarm Optimization for Distributed Sensor Network

Retransmission avoidance is an essential need for any type of wireless communication.As retransmissions induce the unnecessary presence of redundant data in every accessible node.As storage capacity is symmetrical to the size of the memory,less storage capacity is experienced due to the restricted size of the respective node.In this proposed work,we have discussed the integration of the Energy Proficient Reduced Coverage Set with Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO).PSO is a metaheuristic global search enhancement technique that promotes the searching of the best nodes in the search space.PSO is integrated with a Reduced Coverage Set,to obtain an optimal path with only high-power transmitting nodes.Energy Proficient Reduced Coverage Set with PSO constructs a set of only best nodes based on the fitness solution,to cover the whole network.The proposed algorithm has experimented with a different number of nodes.Comparison has been made between original and improved algorithm shows that improved algorithm performs better than the existing by reducing the redundant packet transmissions by 18%~40%,thereby increasing the network lifetime.

Sensitivity Analysis of Energy Consumption for Cylinder Efficiency of A 1 000 MW Steam Turbine Unit

以东汽1000MW汽轮机为研究对象，采用汽轮机组定功率变工况计算方法，对汽轮机各汽缸效率在THA、70％THA、50％THA、40％THA滑压工况进行敏度分析，得到相应工况下各汽缸效率变化对汽轮机热耗率和机组发、供电煤耗率的影响规律。分析表明，缸效率的能耗敏度随缸效率变化基本呈线性关系；低压缸效率的能耗敏度最大，高压缸效率次之，中压缸效率较小；随机组负荷降低，高压缸效率的能耗敏度增加，中、低压缸效率的能耗敏度变化较小。在THA工况下低压缸效率下降1％，供电煤耗敏度绝对值增加1．246g／（kW·h），相对值升高0．433％；高压缸效率下降1％，供电煤耗敏度的绝对值增加0．44g／（kW．h），相对值升高0．154％；中压缸效率下降1％，供电煤耗敏度的绝对值增加0．352g／（kW．h），相对值升高0．122％。分析结果可对同类型机组进行节能诊断，进而指导机组的优化运行。

Energy management and coordination control of microgrid in elevated station of urban rail transit

The rapid development of urban rail transit brings convenience to the public,but its huge energy consumption problem cannot be ignored.A microgrid composed of photovoltaic power generation unit,regenerative braking energy feedback unit and battery energy storage unit is proposed,which provides green power for the station.In order to suppress the fluctuation of photovoltaic power generation and the intermittence of regenerative braking feedback energy,the energy management mode of microgrid is designed according to the illumination situation,braking energy feedback situation,battery state of charge and so on.In addition,a coordination control method based on virtual synchronous generator(VSG)is proposed to realize smooth switching among modes.Finally,the proposed energy management and coordination control method for elevated station microgrid is verified by Matlab/Simulink.The results show that the elevated station microgrid can operate safely and reliably under various energy management modes and realize smooth switching among modes.

Energy-Saving Scheduling in a Flexible Flow Shop Using a Hybrid Genetic Algorithm

Many researches discussing reduced energy consumption for environmental protection focus on machine efficiency or process redesign. To optimize the machine operation time can also save the energy, and these researches have received great interests in recent years. This study considers three different states of machines, among processing there are two different speeds, to solve the problem of minimizing energy costs under time-of-use tariff with no tardy jobs in flexible flow shop. This problem is basically NP-hard, we proposed a hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) to solve problems in reasonable timeliness. The result shows that to optimize different states of machines under time-of use tariff can reduce energy costs significantly in on-time delivery.

Modified Packing Algorithm for Dynamic Energy-Saving in Cloud Computing Servers

Since the raising of the cloud computing, the applications of web service have been extended rapidly. However, the data centers of cloud computing also cause the problem of power consumption and the resources usually have not been used effectively. Decreasing the power consumption and enhancing resource utilization become main issues in cloud computing environment. In this paper, we propose a method, called MBFDP （modified best fit decreasing packing）, to decrease power consumption and enhance resource utilization of cloud computing servers. From the results of experiments, the proposed solution can reduce power consumption effectively and enhance the utilization of resources of servers.

Simplified prediction model for lighting energy consumption in office building scheme design

At the scheme design stage,the potential of daylighting is significant due to the saving for electric lighting use. There are few simple tools for architects to optimize the daylighting design. Therefore,it is useful to develop a design guideline related to the evaluation of lighting energy saving potential and sunlight design strategies. This paper analyzes the impacts of different artificial lighting control methods and design parameters on daylighting. A direct correlation between lighting energy consumption and parameters such as orientations,window to wall ratio (WWR) and perimeter depth is established. A simplified prediction model is proposed to estimate lighting energy consumption with the given perimeter depth,WWR,and window transparency. Validation of the model is carried out compared with detailed lighting simulation software for an office building. After the variation analysis for these parameters,design advises for the daylighting design at scheme design phase are summarized.

The Quantification and Reporting of Negawatt-Hours with Flexible Energy Conservation Measure Verification Software (ECM-Tool)

In order to promote digital innovations in the field of energy use and monitoring in all end customer sectors, the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) has launched the “Pilotprogramm Einsparzähler” in 2016. The program promotes the development of digital platforms following the “Efficiency First” principle, focusing not on individual projects but on the establishment of a business model. smartB successfully applied for subsidies for the development of a software tool, the architecture of which is the content of this open source paper. The tool applies a multivariate regression-model to model a given system’s energy consumption (significant energy uses or SEUs), adjusted to relevant external factors (e.g. weather) and given output levels or product properties. Thereby comparing energy consumption before and after an energy conservation measure (ECM), the tool allows for a quantification and verification of achieved energy savings as laid out in international standards for energy management (ISO, 2014). Achieved energy savings induced by an ECM and energy efficiency improvements cannot be measured directly. We use the term “negawatt-hour”, defined as a unit of energy saved as a direct result of energy conservation measures. International norms provide accepted standards to derive quantified savings in negawatt-hours from a qualified comparison between consumption before and after an ECM, as presented at the beginning of the paper.

Research on the Effects of Train Operation Mode for Vehicle Energy Consumption

The research background is based on great consumption of urban rail transit energy, through summarizing the research of scholars at home and abroad, the comprehensive research including train operation pattern, the train traction characteristics and optimization design of integrated research has carried out in this paper, by using OPENTRACK software simulation to verify the optimization results according to different line features finally. The aim of this paper is to explore ways and methods of traction strategy optimization under the condition of trains timing energy saving. The main research contents of this paper are based on the research status at home and abroad, first of all, the different operating modes of the train running on the line are analysed, including the time saving mode, the energy saving mode and timing energy saving mode, and quantitative analysed the influence of different operation modes on vehicle energy consumption. The influence factors and traction calculation method of energy consumption of train running are studied. Firstly, the factors that affect the energy consumption of the train are analysed, including the basic facilities and transport organization mode. On the basis of this, the train load and running status of the train are analysed, and the model of the train movement and energy consumption are calculated. The OPENTRACK software is used to establish the actual circuit model, and the simulation is verified. The results show that the reasonable operation mode of the train operation mode can greatly reduce the energy consumption.

Research on the Trusted Energy-Saving Transmission of Data Center Network

According to the high operating costs and a large number of energy waste in the current data center network architectures, we propose a kind of trusted flow preemption scheduling combining the energy-saving routing mechanism based on typical data center network architecture. The mechanism can make the network flow in its exclusive network link bandwidth and transmission path, which can improve the link utilization and the use of the network energy efficiency. Meanwhile, we apply trusted computing to guarantee the high security, high performance and high fault-tolerant routing forwarding service, which helps improving the average completion time of network flow.

Application of Geothermal Energy to New Countryside Construction——A Case Study of Xiong County, Hebei Province

Hujiatai Village, Xiong County, Hebei Province was nominated as the experimental unit of new countryside construction by Hebei Province in 2008. In order to make Hujiatai Village become a new countryside model with friendly ecological and environmental conditions, local energy resources should be considered. In this study, a mode of 'geothermal energy extraction-heat exchange-space heating-reinjection' was adopted to supply heat to resident houses in Hujiatai Village cooperating with a geothermal development entity based on the abundant geothermal resources, thereby constructing a clean, economic and autarkic new countryside energy system, which avoids utilization of fossil-energy, reduces emission of greenhouse gases and generation of solid coal cinder, protecting air and land environment, improving life quality of the people and building a typical model for Hebei Province and even for the whole country.

Global technological advancement and challenges of glazed window,facade system and vertical greenery-based energy savings in buildings:A comprehensive review

There are many factors that have a major influence on reducing the energy expenditure in building sector.This research aims at qualitative and quantitative assessment of those factors such as double glazed windows,ver-tical greenery systems(VGS),integrating of semi-transparent photovoltaic device with architectural design of buildings,energy saving by using heat reflecting coating,passive climate control methods,energy saving by shading,building energy performance enhancement by using optimisation technique,double skin green facade,etc.through a holistic and thematic approach.Amongst the aforesaid techniques,VGS is found the most reliable,efficient and sustainable solution.Attractive VGS can improve the urban environment,increase biodiversity,mit-igate pollution also results economic benefit of the buildings as like as energy savings and decreasing surface temperature.Four fundamental energy saving methods are used in VGS which are considered as passive energy saving mechanism.Firstly,interception of solar radiation due to the shadow risen by the vegetation;secondly,vegetation also provides thermal insulation;thirdly,plants evapotranspiration helps for evaporative cooling of building;finally,building blockage makes a variation of wind effect on building.The peak cooling load of ivy coated green building wall has been reduced by 28%.If a VGS is installed without windows and building fac-ing on west,east,south and north correspondingly,the reduction in the cooling load capacity of the building is observed to be up to 20,18,8 and 5%,respectively.Very high thermally resistive glazed areas on building envelope can be secured via thin film PV glazing and vacuum glazing products with an average U-value of 1.1 and 0.4 W/m 2 K,respectively.Energy use policies are also helpful to improve energy consumption scenario of buildings.For developing more energy-efficient,sustainable and eco-friendly buildings,these techniques might be helpful for the building designers and architects.