Diffusion tensor tractography studies on mechanisms of recovery of injured fornix

The fornix,which connects the medial temporal lobe and the medial diencephalon,is involved in episodic memory as an important part of the Papez circuit.The mechanisms of recovery of an injured fornix revealed by diffusion tensor tractography in the five studies are summarized as follows：1） recovery through the nerve tract from an injured fornical crus to the medial temporal lobe via the normal pathway of the fornical crus;2）recovery through the nerve tract originating from an ipsi-lesional fornical body connected to the ipsi-lesional medial temporal lobe via the splenium of the corpus callosum;3） recovery through the nerve tract from the ipsi-lesional fornical body extending to the contra-lesional medial temporal lobe via the splenium of the corpus callosum;4） recovery through the nerve tract originating from the ipsi-lesional fornical column connected to the ipsi-lesional medial temporal lobe;and 5） recovery through the nerve tract originating from the contra-lesional fornical column connected to the ipsi-lesional medial temporal lobe via the contra-lesional medial temporal lobe and the splenium of the corpus callosum.These diffusion tensor tractography studies on mechanisms of recovery of injured fornical crus appeared to provide useful information for clinicians caring for patients with brain injury,however,studies on this topic are still in the beginning stages.

Surface lurking and interfacial ion release strategy for fabricating a superhydrophobic coating with scaling inhibition

The design and manufacture of anti-scaling surface is a prospective way to prevent scaling in oil field.In this work,a novel superhydrophobic Cu^(2+)-loaded and DTPMPA-modified anodized copper oxide(S-Cu^(2+)/D-ACO)coating was fabricated by modification of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane.The valid storing of scale inhibitors at the coating surface and the interfacial release of Cu^(2+)ions contribute to enhancing the anti-scaling of the S-Cu^(2+)/D-ACO coating.The water contact angle of the S-Cu^(2+)/D-ACO coating is 163.03°and exhibits superhydrophobicity,which makes it difficult for CaCO_(3)to deposit at the surface of the coating.DTPMPA will steadily lurk into the inner space,and Cu^(2+)will be loaded at the interface in the form of the DTPMPA:Cu^(2+)chelate.During the deposition of CaCO_(3),the dynamic release of DTPMPA can be realized by transferring DTPMPA:Cu^(2+)to DTPMPA:Ca^(2+).Interestingly,the released Cu^(2+)hinders the active growth of CaCO_(3).After 48 h of scaling,the mass of CaCO_(3)scale at the S-Cu^(2+)/D-ACO coating surface is only 44.1%that of the anodized copper oxide coating.The excellent anti-scaling performance of the S-Cu^(2+)/D-ACO coating is determined by the synergistic effect of the DTPMPA lurking and dynamic release,as well as the Cu^(2+)inhibition at the interface of superhydrophobic coating and against CaCO_(3)deposition.This research provides a new exploration for designing and fabricating anti-scaling superhydrophobic surface for oil field development.