Imaging plate scanners calibration and the attenuation behavior of imaging plate signals

Based on previously reported work, we propose a new method for calibrating image plate(IP) scanners, offering greater flexibility and convenience, which can be extended to the calibration tasks of various scanner models. This method was applied to calibrate the sensitivity of a GE Typhoon FLA 7000 scanner. Additionally, we performed a calibration of the spontaneous signal attenuation behavior for BAS-MS, BAS-SR, and BAS-TR type IPs under the 20±1℃ environmental conditions, and observed significant signal carrier diffusion behavior in BAS-MS IP. The calibration results lay a foundation for further research on the interaction between ultra-short, ultra-intense lasers and matter.

Confocal 3D Optical Intraoral Scanners and Comparison of Image Capturing Accuracy

Several capture techniques are used in intraoral optical scanners in the dental market,such as Triangulation(Cerec Omnicam,Dentsply Sirona),Activewave front sampling(3M ESPE)and confocal technology(iTero,Align).The accuracy of intraoral scanners is the most significant focal point for developers to research.This in-vitro study studied the accuracy of confocal scanners launched from 2015-2020(Trios 3,Trios 4,iTero Element;3Shape Trios A/S,Copenhagen,Denmark,and iTero Element2,and iTero Element5D;Align Technologies,San Jose,CA,USA).A 3D printing model modified from the American National Standard No.132 was scanned five times each scanner.Both Trios3 and Trios4 were scanned using regular scan mode(N)and high-resolution mode(HR).All scanning methods followed the recommendations from the manufacturers.Then the digital models were exported and saved as STL files.Various measurements were determined in the digital model from each scan using Rhinoceros 3D Software(Rhino,Robert McNeel&Associates for Windows,Washington DC,USA).Measurements from the 3D printed model were used as control.All data were recorded in Microsoft Excel and then transferred to SPSS.Descriptive statistics were recorded.Multiple comparisons of various measurements were made among the different scanners and with the control using One-way ANOVA and post hoc using Sheffe(p<0.01).The surface area in the X and Y axis ranged from 2–60 mm,while the depth(Z-axis)ranged from 2–8 mm.The Trios and iTero families showed similar accuracy.However,for the diagonal,the Trios series showed better results compared with the iTero series.Within the same brand,different versions showed no significant change regarding accuracy.

Influence of layout of scanners on intelligent mine scanning trails

To expand scanning area and attack range without changing the inner structure of intelligent warhead, a new arrangement mode of the scanner for intelligent mine is proposed. The required coordinate systems are established firstly on the basis of advanced dynamics principle. and the exterior ballistics equations are deduced. Then the equations of scanning trails are established by the method of space analytic geometry. To get the scanning trails. the differential equations are transformed into discrete simulation model using the algorithm of fourth order Runge-Kutta and then are simulated using Matlab. Compared with the scanning trails obtained by the traditional layout of scanner, the scanning trails obtained by the proposed layout of scanner has larger horizontal range of scanning circle and bigger trarget acquisition probability. Therefore, the new arrangement mode of the scanner for intelligent mine can increase attack range.

Command functions of open loop galvanometer scanners with optimized duty cycles

The paper approaches the problem of the command functions of galvanometer-based scanners （GS） that are necessary to produce the linear plus parabolic scanning function of the GS, which we have proved previously to produce the highest possible duty cycle （i.e., time efficiency） of the device. We have completed this theoretical aspect （which contradicted what has been stated previously in the literature, where it has been considered that the linear plus sinusoidal scanning function was the best） with the experimental study of the most used scanning functions of the GSs （sawtooth, sinusoidal and triangular）, with applications in biomedical imaging, in particular in optical coherence tomography, demonstrating that the triangular function is always the best one to be applied, from both an optical and a mechanical point of view. In the present study the input voltage/command function which should be applied to the GS to produce the desired triangular scanning function （with controlled non-linearity for the fastest possible stop-and-turn portions） was determined analytically, in relationship with the active torque that drives the device. This command function is analyzed with regard to the specific, respectively required parameters of the GS： natural frequency and damping factor, respectively scan speed and amplitude. The modeling in an open loop control structure of the GS is finally discussed as a trade-off between using the highest possible duty cycle and minimizing the maximum peaks of the input voltage.

Geometric Calibration of Low-Cost Flatbed Scanners for Large Scale Mapping Applications

Scanning hardcopy non-metric images is one of the most important sources in digital mapping. Low-cost scanners are still widely used in many applications as they can produce digital images of comparable precisions to those produced by expensive professional scanners. Yet, inexpensive scanners introduce geometrical distortions in the measured image coordinates that must be assessed and compensated before using their products for further analysis. In this article, several 2D-to-2D transformation models were investigated to calibrate flatbed scanners with different resolutions and sizes. We evaluated the potential of each model using two gridded-crosses plotted on high-quality transparent sheets. Control coordinates were provided through a photogram-metric analytical plotter. After scanning the sheets, least squares matching was applied to determine the precise locations of the crosses. By comparing the control coordinates and those estimated from digitized images, it was found that the mathematical model based on the projective transformation gives the best results for standardizing the geometric properties of flatbed scanners. The results show that scanning resolution of 2400 dpi achieves the requirements for large-scale mapping applications.

Evaluation of the Accuracy of Digital Models Obtained Using Intraoral and Extraoral Scanners versus Gold Standard Plaster Model (Diagnostic Accuracy Study)

Introduction: Digital models showed promising results for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Digital models can be obtained from alginate impressions as well as direct intra-oral scanners. Studies assessing the accuracy of digital models have shown digital models to be valid, clinically acceptable, and more quickly obtainable. With the advent of new scanners with better scanning technology researches are necessary to evaluate their accuracy and reliability. Aim of Study: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 3D digital models obtained through intraoral and extraoral scanning modalities to the reference gold standard plaster model. Material & Methods: Twenty-four adult male and female subjects were randomly selected for this study. The intraoral scanners evaluated in this study were Sirona (CEREC Omnicam) and 3 shape (TRIOS 3), while the laboratory scanners used were Sirona (inEos X5), and 3 shape (D850). Intra-oral scanning of the subjects and extra-oral scanning of their alginate impressions, plaster models of the alginate impression, rubber base impression, and plaster model of their rubber base impression were done. Linear dental measurements included intermolar width, interpremolar width, intercanine width, mesiodistal width of the 1st permanent molar, 1st premolar, canine and central incisor and arch width. All data were collected, tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Small differences between the plaster and digital models were observed. Intra-observer reliability analysis for 14 out of the 16 measurements showed that all variables exhibited good to excellent reliability. Conclusions: There was no difference between the digitization using the intraoral scanner or the laboratory scanner. The most accurate digitization technique was the 3 Shape laboratory scanner of the cast of the alginate impression. The inEos X5 showed the highest error of digitization of the alginate and rubber base impressions.

A new approach to retrieve leaf normal distribution using terrestrial laser scanners

Leaf normal distribution is an important structural characteristic of the forest canopy. Although terrestrial laser scanners（TLS） have potential for estimating canopy structural parameters, distinguishing between leaves and nonphotosynthetic structures to retrieve the leaf normal has been challenging. We used here an approach to accurately retrieve the leaf normals of camphorwood（Cinnamomum camphora） using TLS point cloud data.First, nonphotosynthetic structures were filtered by using the curvature threshold of each point. Then, the point cloud data were segmented by a voxel method and clustered by a Gaussian mixture model in each voxel. Finally, the normal vector of each cluster was computed by principal component analysis to obtain the leaf normal distribution. We collected leaf inclination angles and estimated the distribution, which we compared with the retrieved leaf normal distribution. The correlation coefficient between measurements and obtained results was 0.96, indicating a good coincidence.

Design of fast adaptive readout system for wire scanners

A new wide-range fast readout system capable of adaptive identification is designed for wire scanners,which are used to measure beam profiles and emittance.This system is capable of handling varying current signals with Gaussian distributions and current pulses up to 1000 counts/s, as well as an input current range of 1 n A–1 m A. When tested, the resolution was found to exceed 3.68% for full scale, the nonlinearity was found to be less than 0.11%, and the measurement sensibility was found to be less than 5 p A. We believe that the system will play a crucial role in improving the measurement accuracy of beam diagnosis and the efficiency of accelerator operation,as well as decreasing the time required for beam tuning.This system was applied to the beam diagnosis of an injector II prototype for an accelerator-driven subcritical system and produced excellent measurement results. A description of the adaptive fast readout system for wire scanners is presented in this paper.

Effects of ramp vibrational states on flexural intrinsic vibrations inBesocke-style scanners

For both the vibrating and steady supporting surfaces of a scanning disk in a Besocke-style piezoelectric scanner, a theoretical model is given by considering the nonlinear lateral friction at the micro-contact interface between the positioning legs and the supporting surface. Numerical simulations demonstrate that unexpected flexural vibrations can arise from a vibrating ramp, and their frequencies are lower than the eigenfrequencies of the scanner in the linearly elastic regime. The vibrations essentially depend on 1） the vibrational states of the supporting ramp and the steel ball tips on the three piezo- electric positioning legs, and 2） the tribological characteristics of the contacts between the tips and the ramp. The results give an insight into the intrinsic vibrations of the scanners, and are applicable in designing and optimizing piezoelectric scanning systems.

Innovative Scanners Boost Medical Imaging Quality and Utility

During his 30-year career,radiologist Philippe Douek has pored over thousands of images produced by computed tomography(CT)scanners,looking for signs of illness or injury.But the professor of radiology at the University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 in France,was wowed by the performance of a new type of device known as a photon-counting detector(PCD)CT scanner.Douek and his colleagues have been putting prototype PCD machines through their paces,scanning animals,imaging dummies,and even Douek’s lungs.The images produced with the technology“are much more detailed,”he said.

Flexural resonance vibrations of piezoelectric ceramic tubes in Besocke-style scanners

Flexural resonance vibrations of piezoelectric ceramic tubes in Besocke-style scanners with nanometer resolution are studied by using an electro-mechanical coupling Timoshenko beam model. Meanwhile, the effects of friction, the first moment, and moment of inertia induced by mass loads are considered. The predicted resonance frequencies of the ceramic tubes are sensitive to not only the mechanical parameters of the scanners, but also the friction acting on the attached shaking ball and corresponding bending moment on the tubes. The theoretical results are in excellent agreement with the related experimental measurements. This model and corresponding results are applicable for optimizing the structures and performances of the scanners.

Computer-Aided Design of X-Ray Microtomographic Scanners

The article is to study the development of computer-aided design of X-ray microtomography—the device for investigating the structure and construction of three-dimensional images of organic and inorganic objects on the basis of shadow projections. This article provides basic information regarding CAD of X-ray microtomography and a scheme consisting of three levels. The article also shows basic relations of X-ray computed tomography, the generalized scheme of an X-ray microtomographic scanner. The methods of X-ray imaging of the spatial microstructure and morphometry of materials are described. The main characteristics of an X-ray microtomographic scanner, the X-ray source, X-ray optical elements and mechanical components of the positioning system are shown. The block scheme and software functional scheme for intelligent neural network system of analysis of the internal microstructure of objects are presented. The method of choice of design parameters of CAD of X-ray microtomography aims at improving the quality of design and reducing costs of it. It is supposed to reduce the design time and eliminate the growing number of engineers involved in development and construction of X-ray microtomographic scanners.

Physical and mechanical properties of municipal solid waste incineration residues with cement and coal fly ash using X-ray Computed Tomography scanners

A significant volume of Municipal Solid Waste incineration bottom ash and fly ash (i.e.,incineration residues) are commonly disposed as landfill.Meanwhile,reclamation of landfill sites to create a new land space after their closure becomes an important goal in the current fewer and fewer land availability scenario in many narrow countries.The objective of this study is to reclaim incineration residue materials in the landfill site by using cement and coal fly ash as stabilizers aiming at performing quality check as new developed materials before future construction.Indeed,physical and mechanical properties of these new materials should be initially examined at the micro scale,which is the primary fundamental for construction at larger scale.This research examines quantitative influences of using the combination of cement and coal fly ash at different ratio on the internal structure and ability of strength enhancement of incineration residues when suffering from loading.Couple of industrial and micro-focus X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanners combined with an image analysis technique were utilized to characterize and visualize the behavior and internal structure of the incineration residues-cement-coal fly ash mixture under the series of unconfined compression test and curing period effect.Nine types of cement solidified incineration residues in term of different curing period (i.e.,7,14,28 days) and coal fly ash addition content (i.e.,0%,9%,18%) were scanned before and after unconfined compression tests.It was shown that incineration residues solidified by cement and coal fly ash showed an increase in compression strength and deformation modulus with curing time and coal fly ash content.Three-dimension computed tomography images observation and analysis confirmed that solidified incineration residues including incineration bottom and fly ash as well as cement and coal fly ash have the deliquescent materials.Then,it was studied that stabilized parts play a more important role than spatial void distribution in increment or reduction of compression strength.

Viewpoint Planning for Freeform Surface Inspection Using Plane Structured Light Scanners

This paper proposes an automatic model-based viewpoint planning method, which can achieve high precision and high efficiency for freeform surfaces inspection using plane structured light scanners. The surface model is utilized in stereolithography format, which is widely used as an industrial standard. The proposed method consists of 4 steps： topology reconstruction, mesh refinement, scan direction determination and viewpoint generation. In the first step, the topology structure of the surface model is reconstructed according to a designed data structure, based on which a neighborhood search algorithm is developed. In the second step, big facets in the surface model are segmented into several small ones, which are suitable for viewpoint planning. In the third step, an initial scan region of a viewpoint is grouped by the neighborhood search algorithm combining with total area and normal vector restrictions. Accordingly, the scan direction is determined by the normal vectors of facets in the initial scan region. In the fourth step, the position, the orientation, and the final scan region of the viewpoint are determined by 4 scan constraints, i.e., field of view, working distance range, view angle and overlap. Experimental results verify the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method.

Magneto-optic Kerr Effect Measurement of TbMn_(6)Sn_(6) at mK Temperature

Novel electron states stabilized by Coulomb interactions attract tremendous interests in condensed matter physics.These states are studied by corresponding phase transitions occurring at extreme conditions such as mK temperatures and high magnetic field.In this work,we introduce a magneto-optical Kerr effect measurement system to comprehensively explore these phases in addition to conventional transport measurement.This system,composed of an all-fiber zero-loop Sagnac interferometer and in situ piezo-scanner inside a dilution refrigerator,operates below 100 m K,with a maximum field of 12 Tesla and has a resolution as small as 0.2μrad.As a demonstration,we investigate TbMn_(6)Sn_(6),where the manganese atoms form Kagome lattice that hosts topological non-trivial Dirac cones.We observed two types of Kerr signals,stemming from its fully polarized ferromagnetic ground state and positive charged carriers within the Dirac-like dispersion.

0.05 T MRI for whole body

Recently,a study on a 0.05 T,low-cost,low-power,and computing-driven shielding-free ultra-low-field(ULF)magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scannerwas published.This work enhances the image quality of MRI and reduces the scanning time based on deep learning methods,which is of great significance to enhancing the popularization and availability of MRI[1](https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.adm7168).

白斑综合症病毒实时荧光LAMP检测方法的建立及应用

研究利用ESE-Quant tube scanner检测平台,建立了一套基于环介导等温扩增技术(Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification,LAMP)的实时荧光检测方法,用于白斑综合征病毒(White Spot Syndrome Virus,WSSV)的检测;并在此基础上,与巢式PCR、Real-time PCR和其他已发表的4种LAMP方法在检测灵敏度、实际应用方面进行比较。结果显示,研究建立的实时荧光LAMP检测方法在63℃恒温反应30min可检测到最低为105倍稀释的基因组DNA模板,与Real-time PCR检测方法的灵敏度相当,高于巢式PCR和其他已发表的4种LAMP方法的检测灵敏度;而且特异性较好,与传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒等5种常见对虾病原DNA均无交叉反应。通过构建质粒进一步进行灵敏度测试显示,本研究建立的实时荧光LAMP检测方法最低检测限度为24个拷贝质粒DNA,检出时间亦为30min。通过对66份待检样品的检测结果显示,实时荧光LAMP检测方法的检出阳性率为7.57%,准确率为100%,高于其他WSSV的检测方法。因此,研究建立的WSSV实时荧光LAMP检测方法,操作简单,反应速度快,特异性好,灵敏度高,成本低廉,可以直观、实时地观察反应的进行情况,适合对虾养殖现场及诊断实验室的WSSV快速检测。

岩芯光谱扫描仪在紫金山矿产勘查中的应用

钻探是固体矿产和能源勘查最重要的投入项目,也是矿山地质人员获取深部地质信息和品位控制的重要手段,CMS(Core Mineral Scanner)岩芯光谱扫描仪是国家重大科学仪器专项基金支持,我国首次自主研发,面向工业应用的地面高光谱设备,能够帮助勘查工作者最大限度地获得岩芯和岩屑中的地质信息。

基于PhotoModeler Scanner的普通数码相机快速检校研究

随着分辨率的不断提高与价格的日益降低,数码相机已成为近景摄影测量的基本设备,而相机的准确检校是保证量测精度的关键因素。借助于PhotoModeler Scanner软件,本文实现了相机的快速准确检校,并对野外检校的稳定性和质量进行了分析,说明该检校方法简便可靠。

固井质量评价仪Isolation Scanner在塔里木油田套管检测方面的应用

塔里木油田地质构造复杂,油气埋藏普遍偏深,深井、超深井钻井工艺复杂,套管柱结构多样,如何检测钻井和后续开发造成的套管磨损和腐蚀情况,成为测井工程的一大难题。为了解决该难题,油田引进了最新一代的固井质量评价仪Isolation Scanner,该仪器通过脉冲回波测量和挠曲波衰减测量,可对套管结构进行检测,同时对套管磨损、腐蚀及套管居中情况进行定量评价。详细介绍了Isolation Scanner仪器的工作原理,并介绍了该仪器在塔里木油田套管检测方面的应用情况,通过实例分析认为该仪器的应用效果良好。