Investigation on global positioning system signal scattering and propagation over the rough sea surface

This paper is devoted to the study of polarization properties, scattering properties and propagation properties of global positioning system （GPS） scattering signal over the rough sea surface. To investigate the polarization and the scattering properties, the scattering field and the bistatic scattering coefficient of modified Kirchhoff approximation using the tapered incident wave is derived in detail. In modeling the propagation properties of the GPS scattering signal in the evaporation duct, the initial field of parabolic equation traditionally computed by the antenna pattern using fast Fourier transform （FFT） is replaced by the GPS scattering field. And the propagation properties of the GPS scattering signal in the evaporation duct with different evaporation duct heights and elevation angles of GPS are discussed by the improved discrete mixed Fourier transform taking into account the sea surface roughness.

Analysis of random laser scattering pulse signals with lognormal distribution

The statistical distribution of natural phenomena is of great significance in studying the laws of nature. In order to study the statistical characteristics of a random pulse signal, a random process model is proposed theoretically for better studying of the random law of measured results. Moreover, a simple random pulse signal generation and testing system is designed for studying the counting distributions of three typical objects including particles suspended in the air, standard particles, and background noise. Both normal and lognormal distribution fittings are used for analyzing the experimental results and testified by chi-square distribution fit test and correlation coefficient for comparison. In addition, the statistical laws of three typical objects and the relations between them are discussed in detail. The relation is also the non-integral dimension fractal relation of statistical distributions of different random laser scattering pulse signal groups.

RECONSTRUCTION OF ONE DIMENSIONAL MULTI-LAYERED MEDIA BY USING A TIME DOMAIN SIGNAL FLOW GRAPH TECHNIQUE

A novel inverse scattering method to reconstruct the permittivity profile of one-dimensional multi-layered media is proposed in this paper.Based on the equivalent network ofthe medium,a concept of time domain signal flow graph and its basic principles are introduced,from which the reflection coefficient of the medium in time domain can be shown to be a series ofDirac δ-functions(pulse responses).In terms of the pulse responses,we will reconstruct both thepermittivity and the thickness of each layer will accurately be reconstructed.Numerical examplesverify the applicability of this

Description and analysis of non-stationary signals by nested semi-Markov processes

The possibility of describing the time-dependent processes of scattering by underlying surfaces and the clear sky, as well as the seasonal behaviour of the refractive index of troposphere by using nested semi-Markov processes has been consid- ered. Local Gaussian models can be used to describe the process inside each phase state. The possibility of describing the sta- tistics of reflections from the sea and the refractive index by using Kravchenko finite functions has been shown for the first time.

Human Brain Microwave Imaging Signal Processing: Frequency Domain (S-parameters) to Time Domain Conversion

The paper presents the microwave signal processing method using MATLAB based on the result of microwave imaging system simulation developed using Computer Simulation Technology (CST). The simulation system contains a transmitting/receiving antenna, human brain and a tumor inside the brain model. The source signal, microwave signal operates from 1 to 10 GHz. The generated scattering parameters (S-parameters) are in frequency domain form. This paper describes in detail regarding the signal conversion from frequency domain to time domain through proposed Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) method as well as the noise filtering process. Peaks detection process was performed in order to identify the time delay of the reflection points at different Y-axis

Quantum Nature of Distortion and Delay of Satellite Signals II

A detailed analysis of the influence of Rydberg states to the behavior of GPS satellite signals in the D and E atmospheric layers has been carried out. It is demonstrated that these states are the main reason for the GPS signal distortion. It is shown that the behavior of satellite signals is associated with the spectral characteristics of the UHF radiation of the Rydberg states depending on the geomagnetic conditions of ionosphere. The foundations of the quantum theory of distortion and delay of GPS satellite signal propagation through D and E atmospheric layers are analyzed and expounded. The problem reduces to the resonant scattering of photons, moving in the electromagnetic field of the signal, to the Rydberg complexes populated in a two-temperature non-equilibrium plasma. The processes of creation of additional photons because of stimulated emission and resonance scattering of photons are considered. In the present work, the quantum theory of the propagation of a satellite signal in the Earth’s upper atmosphere, firstly earlier proposed by the same authors, is described in detail. The general problems of the theory and possible theoretical and applied consequences are discussed. It is explained that two main processes occurring here, are directly related to the resonant quantum properties of the propagation medium. The first process leads to a direct increase in the power of the received signal, and second—to a shift in the signal carrier frequency??and the time delay??of its propagation. The main reasons of the processes are scattering of the Rydberg electron by the ion core and presence of the neutral medium molecule in the intermediate autoionization states of the composite system populated by the strong non-adiabatic coupling of electron and nuclear motions. The main purposes of our investigation are the physical justification of the formation of parameters ?and??using the quantum dynamics of the electron behavior in the intermediate state of the Rydberg complex A**M and the estimation of the quantities of??and??in the elementary act of elastic (Rayleigh) photon scattering.

A Novel Method for Real-Time Monitoring of Channel Siltation Based on Bistatic Scattering Theory

Monitoring the thickness changes of channel siltation is paramount in safeguarding navigation and guiding dredging, This paper presents a novel method for realizing the field monitoring of channel siltation in real time. The method is based on the bistatic scattering theory and concerned more with the receiving and processing of multipath signal at high-frequency and small grazing angle. By use of the multipath propagation structure of underwater acoustic channel, the method obtains the silt thickness by calculating the relative time delay of acoustic signals between the direct and the shortest bottom reflected paths. Bistatic transducer pairs are employed to transmit and receive the acoustic signals, and the GPS time synchronization technology is introduced to synchronize the transmitter and receiver, The WRELAX （Weighted Fourier transforul and RELAX） algorithm is used to obtain the high resolution estimation of muhipath time delay. To examine the feasibility of the presented method and the accuracy and precision of the developed system, a series of sea trials are conducted in the southwest coast area of Dalian City, north of the Yellow Sea. The experimental results are compared with that using high-resolution dual echo sounder HydroBoxTM, and the uncertainty is smaller than ＋ 0.06 m. Compared with the existing means for measuring the silt thickness, the present method is innovative, and the system is stable, efficient and provides a better real-time performance. It especially suits monitoring the narrow channel with rapid changes of siltation.

基于GNSS的前向散射雷达网目标穿越特性研究

前向散射雷达可通过捕获目标穿越基线时引起的信号扰动实现目标检测,在隐身飞机目标探测方面具有一定潜力,目标穿越特性的研究对信号检测和参数估计具有重要意义。首先构建了基于全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system,GNSS)的前向散射雷达网模型,分析了构成前向散射观测的条件和探测范围。然后,基于前向散射动态信号模型,提出采用时频域统计特征描述目标穿越基线的信号特性。最后,通过仿真分析了目标穿越位置和运动参数对散射信号及其统计特征的影响,揭示了前向散射信号的特征变化规律,对后续提高穿越事件检测概率和参数估计精度具有参考价值。

表面增强拉曼散射光谱在miRNAs检测中的研究进展

表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)因其灵敏度高、非侵入性、多路检测等特点,已广泛应用于生物医学检测。研究发现微小核糖核酸(miRNAs)的异常表达与多种疾病有关,miRNAs已成为一种新型的生物标志物。开发简单、灵敏、可靠的miRNAs检测方法,对miRNAs的生物学功能研究、医学诊断、疾病治疗和靶向药物研究具有重要意义。目前,与核酸信号放大策略相结合的纳米SERS探针,用于miRNAs检测表现出较高的灵敏度。然而实际样本中成分复杂,易产生背景信号,干扰检测结果;分离纯化过程繁琐,增加了检测时间。近年来,研究者们通过结合其他技术来优化检测,提高样本检测通量、简化操作、减少分析时间、提高分辨率。该论文主要介绍了基于SERS技术的miRNAs检测方法的最新进展,讨论了技术融合的优势与必要性,并总结了基于SERS技术的miRNAs检测用于临床检测还存在的问题,旨在为设计新型快速灵敏可靠的miRNAs SERS检测平台提供参考。

储气库掩埋井口精确磁定位技术

在建设地下储气库时,首先应确保储气库的密封性,要确定废弃掩埋老井的位置并对其进行封堵,常见测量手段存在一定的误差和不确定性。为此提出一种掩埋井口精确磁定位技术,通过主动激发掩埋井口周围的磁场分布特征,结合反向散射信号提取解算,实现精确测量和定位。硬件系统主要由发射器、接收器和计算装置组成,采用信号提取、坐标转换、平面定位、垂向定位等定位算法可以锁定被埋井口位置,同时从算法方面分析了绞车、回路、发射器等可能会对磁定位结果产生的干扰。该技术应用于辽河油田国家级自然保护区的桥下S井定位作业中,共钻进4口浅井,交替测量2次后成功锁定S井井口位置,随后一次开挖成功,与测量坐标的误差小于0.5 m。该技术解决了长期困扰油田的储气库无法顺利建库的难题,为掩埋井口精确定位提供了可靠思路,具有指导意义。

基于插值处理的散射介质中偏振成像实验研究

针对散射介质中光学成像质量受散射效应干扰的问题,基于Jaffe成像模型,实验研究了基于插值处理的偏振成像降噪方法,实现目标信号与后向散射噪声的有效分离。首先,利用退偏振特性建立信息插值处理与信号提取模型;其次,搭建偏振成像实验光路结构进行验证,以脂肪乳溶液模拟散射环境,在偏振激光照明条件下获取散射场景的相互正交的偏振探测通道图像;最后,对所获取偏振图像进行插值处理并利用信噪比参数评价其可靠性。实验结果表明,当脂肪乳溶液浓度依次为0.1%、0.2%、0.3%与0.4%时,基于插值处理的偏振成像方法所对应图像的信噪比依次为112.5、9.165、13.82与11.88,能够有效地抑制后向散射噪声对光学成像过程的影响。

瑞利散射信号的远距离OPGW光缆断纤定位研究

光纤复合架空地线(OPGW)容易因雷击、覆冰、烧损、断股而形成断纤故障,导致骨干电源与调度通信中断,威胁电力系统用电安全。随着光纤应用领域的逐渐扩大,大范围的断纤故障检测成为难题。提出基于广域测量的远距离OPGW光缆断纤定位方法。在瑞利散射原理的基础上,采集入射光子进入OPGW光缆核心结构时反射的瑞利散射信号。利用信号波形特征保留度最高的快速傅里叶变换,以消除瑞利散射信号噪声。通过相位调制器拟合瑞利散射信号在三维视角下的幅值波动情况,识别信号幅值大幅跌落的OPGW光缆断纤位置。利用幅值大幅变化的瑞利散射信号特征可以远距离捕获的特点,实现远距离OPGW光缆断纤定位。试验结果表明,所提方法定位距离远、精度高、效率高。通过所提方法的应用,可以及时准确地定位OPGW光缆中的断纤位置,帮助维护人员快速响应和处理故障,从而最大限度减少因断纤故障而造成电力系统中断的时间,提高电力系统的可靠性和稳定性。

分布式光纤测井原理分析与研究

分布式光纤测井技术在地下资源勘探中具有重要应用价值,因其高精度、快速测量和实时监测地下动态变化等优势。基于此,深入分析了分布式光纤测井技术,主要包括基于瑞利散射的DAS原理、基于OTDR技术的DTS测温原理。随着科技进步和应用需求增长,该技术将在能源开发中发挥更重要作用。

以全球导航卫星系统为辐射源的前向散射雷达发展综述

前向散射雷达(FSR)可获得高水平雷达截面积(RCS)的特性使其在反隐身中占据重要地位。利用全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)作为辐射源,具有全天时全天候全地域覆盖的优势,通过部署多个接收节点可构建地面/海上/空中目标监视网络。该文针对基于GNSS的FSR发展现状,从目标检测、目标参数估计、阴影逆合成孔径雷达(SISAR)成像及目标分类识别等方面对关键技术和现存问题进行概述,并从组网探测、多目标定位、布站优化和极化信息获取等方面对基于GNSS的FSR发展趋势提出展望。

基于相干瑞利散射的管道安全光纤预警系统

将相位敏感光时域反射计应用于油气管道安全监测领域.首先通过理论分析其探测原理,推导出干涉光强与光纤折射率的对应关系,从而论证了该方法的可行性;然后提出了一套新的信号处理方案,从空域及时域两方面对信号进行了处理.空域上,在传统移动平均算法的基础上引入间隔参数并提出一种新的差值算法,提高了信号的信噪比并降低了系统运算量;时域上,提取了入侵位置对应的时域信号并通过采用时频分析以及小波滤波的方法直观表现了外界入侵事件的时域特征.现场实验结果表明,该系统能有效探测到外界入侵事件并进行精确定位,差值信号信噪比达到7.8,d B,定位结果标准差在10,m以内.

利用分数阶Fourier域滤波的机载SAR多运动目标检测

强度相差较大的多运动目标检测是机载合成孔径雷达 ( SAR)技术的一个重点和难点 ,传统的频域滤波和现代的时频分布方法都无法解决这个问题。首先分析了机载 SAR运动目标回波本质上为线性调频信号 ,据此提出一种基于分数阶 Fourier域滤波的运动目标检测新方法 ,并且应用逐次消去的思想有效地解决了强度相差较大的多目标检测问题。仿真的结果验证了算法的有效性。

基于GPS散射信号的机载海面风场反演系统

提出了利用GPS散射信号构成机载海面风场反演系统,详细介绍了基于GPS散射信号的风场反演模型与散射信号相关功率的计算方法,给出了不同海面粗糙度下散射信号的相关功率曲线。分析了延迟映射接收机的工作模式,给出了某次飞行试验的数据分析结果。试验结果表明,文中所设计的延迟映射接收机能够准确地接收到GPS卫星信号的海面反射信号,并给出与理论分析一致的结论。

浅海混响的垂直相关和海底反射损失与散射强度的反演

根据浅海混响射线简正波理论和可分离的海底散射模型,导出了混响垂直相关的表达式,理论研究和实验结果表明垂直相关与接收深度有关,与声源深度无关。提出一种利用混响强度衰减曲线与混响垂直相关曲线联合反演海底反射损失和海底散射强度的方法。数值模拟反演及对实验数据的反演表明:所提出的反演方法具有实验简便、反演速度比较快及反演的结果比较稳定等特点。

双峰分布的超细颗粒动态光散射信号模拟及精度分析

为获取双峰分布超细颗粒的动态光散射模拟信号,通过建立动态光散射随机过程的AR模型,利用修正的Levison-Durbin递推算法确定模型参数和阶数的方法模拟光散射信号.分别对10 nm与90 nm,200 nm与1 000 nm双峰分布颗粒的动态光散射信号进行模拟,得到的模拟信号光强自相关函数与理论值吻合,用双指数法对颗粒粒径反演,相对误差小于3.55%.通过分析模型阶数、采样时间、采样频率、模拟数据长度等参数对模拟精度的影响,得出双峰分布颗粒光散射信号的模拟精度与各参数的关系:在低于阈值阶数时,模型阶数选择对精度影响大,模型阶数越高,信号模拟的精度越高,高于阈值阶数时,模型阶数选择对精度影响不大,可选阈值阶数模型模拟信号.选定一定的采样时间,采样频率越高,模拟数据长度越长,模拟精度越高.

风云二号静止气象卫星图像杂散信号分析

该文利用GMS 5原始数据、GMS 5展宽数据、FY 2A展宽数据和FY 2B展宽数据 ,采用伪彩色增强和灰度直方图分析方法 ,分别对这 4种数据的红外、水汽、可见光通道图像进行了针对杂散光的对比分析以及对杂散信号来源分析。分析表明这三颗静止气象卫星的图像中都存在一定的杂散信号。该文提出了解决杂散光问题主要依靠优化辐射计光路设计 ;地面系统在实时处理、展宽图像时采取简单剔除处理 ,可以减小或消除图像冷空间区域的杂散信号 。