A Study on Ionospheric HF Channel with Bitemporal Response and Scattering Function

At first the bitemporal response method is introduced to solve the scattering function of the ionospeeric channel. We can get the scattering function, as a function, of the group path time delay and Doppler frequency. Thus Doppler effect resulting from the continuous movement of the ionosphere is analyzed to study the characteristics of the various ionospheric irregularities and diturbance. many possible problems and correction are researched lastly.

Research on the acoustic scattering function and coherence properties from rough seafloor based on finite element model

Acoustic scattering from a rough sea bottom is recognized as a main source of reverberation. In this study, scattering properties from a layered bottom were exploited based on the finite element model. The scattering strength and loss from the layered rough seabed were investigated by ensembling the realizations of rough interface. They were found to be dependent on the thickness of sediment, and interference was significant in the case of thin sediment. Through verification of the finite element model, the scattering loss could be evaluated using the Eckart model with a proper sound speed in the thick sediment. The multiple scattering effect on the sound field was also exploited. It revealed that the effect depended strongly on the bottom type.

SCATTERING FUNCTION OF POLYMER BLENDS

For a system of flexible polymer molecules, the concepts of two concentrations, namely the segmental and the molecular concentrations, have been proposed in this paper. The former is equivalent to the volume fraction. The latter can be defined as the number of the gravity centers of macromolecules in a unit volume. The two concentrations should be correlated with each other by the conformational function of the polymer chain and should be discussed in different thermodynamic equations. On the basis of these concepts it has been proved that the Flory-Huggins entropy of mixing should be the result of the mixing 'ideal gases of the gravity centers of macromolecules'. The general correlation between the free energy of mixing and the scattering function (structural factor) of polymer blends has been studied based on the general fluctuation theory. When the Flory-Huggins free energy of mixing is adopted, the de Gennes scattering function of a polymer blend can be derived.

Scattering Function and Spinodal Transition of Linear and Nonlinear Block Copolymers Based on a Unified Molecular Model

This work uses a block copolymer architecture[(A′B)nA2]m to unify the scattering function and spinodal transition of typical AB-type block copolymers.The key roles of block number,junction points and asymmetry ratios of block length are(1)to determine the form factor of each block copolymer at the molecular scale;(2)to affect the entropy loss across the spinodal transition and may result in deflection of spinodal curves.The common features are validated in typical linear and nonlinear block copolymers,including AB diblock,asymmetric A′BA triblock,miktoarm stars of ABn,AnBn,(AB)n,(A′B)nA,A′BAm,and multi-graft combs of(BnA2)m and[(A′B)nA2]m.The explicit scattering functions and form factors of various block copolymers can be directly applied in radiation experiments(i.e.neutron or X-ray scattering)to unravel the effect of molecular architecture in solution and microphase separation in disordered melt.The molecular model used in this study is also helpful to guide the chemical synthesis to explore more potentially interesting block copolymers.

Research on the Electromagnetic Scattering Near the Field

We calculate and analyze the scattering near the field from some simple and complex targets using the method of picture elements (PEL), based upon the method of high-frequency approximation. It introduces the critical distance of the near field and the far field which is related with the dimension of the target. The problem of the EMS near field from large size objects can be transformed to the problem of the far field by parting it to many very small size elements. By calculating the EMS near fields of some simple and complex targets based on the SCTE (scattering from complex targets and environments) system, the results show that there are much difference between the near field and the far field. And the characteristics of the near field are more complicated. This work has practical engineering value in the area of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), electromagnetic interference (EMI) prediction and electromagnetic scattering (EMS).

HERMITE—BIRKHOFF INTERPOLATION OF SCATTERED DATA BY RADIAL BASIS FUNCTIONS

For Hermite-Birkhoff interpolation of scattered multidumensional data by radial basis function (?),existence and characterization theorems and a variational principle are proved. Examples include (?)(r)=r^b,Duchon's thin-plate splines,Hardy's multiquadrics,and inverse multiquadrics.

Dynamics of solitons in Bose-Einstein condensate with time-dependent atomic scattering length

The evolution of solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates （BECs） with time-dependent atomic scattering length in an expulsive parabolic potential is studied. Based on the extended hyperbolic function method, we successfully obtain the bright and dark soliton solutions. In addition, some new soliton solutions in this model are found. The results in this paper include some in the literature （Phys. Rev. Lett. 94（2005）050402 and Chin. Phys. Lett. 22（2005） 1855）.

Model of bidirectional reflectance distribution function for metallic materials

Based on the three-component assumption that the reflection is divided into specular reflection,directional diffuse reflection,and ideal diffuse reflection,a bidirectional reflectance distribution function（BRDF） model of metallic materials is presented.Compared with the two-component assumption that the reflection is composed of specular reflection and diffuse reflection,the three-component assumption divides the diffuse reflection into directional diffuse and ideal diffuse reflection.This model effectively resolves the problem that constant diffuse reflection leads to considerable error for metallic materials.Simulation and measurement results validate that this three-component BRDF model can improve the modeling accuracy significantly and describe the reflection properties in the hemisphere space precisely for the metallic materials.

Thin-film approximate point scattered function and its application to neutron radiography

A simpler and improved utility approximate point scattered function for thin-film converters currently used in neutron photographic devices is proposed as a correction method to produce clearer,more realistic images.The validity of the model was demonstrated through a simulation experiment.Based on the results,an error analysis was carried out,certain corrections were made to the original model,and the final model achieved a very low relative error in the simulation experiment.The model can also be optimized for quantitative neutron photographic analysis using iterative algorithms to obtain realistic neutron photographic images more quickly.At the end of the article,the model is extended to consider the case of energy spectrum hardening by introducing a temperature correction parameter.

Wave Polarization Scattering and Transmission Property in Randomly Distributed Chiral Spheroids

In this paper, the scattering amplitude functions of a spatially-oriented chiral spheroid are derived. Polarization scattering from a layer of randomly distributed chiral spheroids in the Mueller matrix solution is obtained. Co-polarized and de-polarized backscattering and polarization degree for any polarized incidence are numerically calculated. Transmissions of coherent waves with four Stokes parameters through the layer are also discussed. Comparisons of polarization scattering from the chiral and achiral particulate media demonstrate the chirality effect on wave scattering and transmission.

Application of improved equivalent edge currents in synthetic aperture radar imaging

Target modeling and scattering function calculating are important prerequisites and groundwork for the synthetic aperture radar（SAR） imaging simulation.According to the difficult problems that normal methods cannot calculate the scattering function of electrically large object under the condition to wideband,an effective method of improved equivalent edge currents is presented and applied to SAR imaging simulation for the first time.This method improves calculating velocity and has relatively high precision.The concrete steps of applying the method are given.By way of the simulation experiment,the effectiveness of the method is verified.

Design and Implementation of a Wideband HF Channel Simulator

The paper presents a wideband high frequency (HF) channel simulator. The simulation consists of a software simulation of a direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) HF system with RAKE receiver. The validity of the HF channel simulator is demonstrated by the analysis of the scattering function and example results of the simulator. The performance of DS system under HF channel and noise are also presented. The simulation results and theoretical analysis show that a straightforward DS system may properly mitigate the intersymbol interference (ISI) distortion of the HF channel while perform badly under the HF noise and interference.

Temporal Spreading Effect of Oceanic Lidar System

In this paper, multipath temporal spreading distributions of laser pulses are calculated when they travel through the seawater. Individual photon is followed in Monte Carlo calculation A modified Henyey-Greenstein （HG） function is applied to represent the scattering phase function of seawater. This paper proposes a new scaling method, which uses the effective scattering thickness τd to replace the optical thickness used in the traditional scaling technique. This paper compares the temporal spreading distributions of photons on conditions of different attenuation coefficients and target depths. The experiments reveal that these mutual deviations are changing in the range from 0.5% to 5%, so long as the corresponding effective scattering thicknesses τd remains the same. Therefore, a conclusion can be obtained, that the temporal spreading distribution is only dependent on the effective diffusion thickness τd .

Automated Identification of Ordered Phases for Simulation Studies of Block Copolymers

In unit cell simulations,identification of ordered phases in block copolymers(BCPs)is a tedious and time-consuming task,impeding the advancement of more streamlined and potentially automated research workflows.In this study,we propose a scattering-based automated identification strategy(SAIS)for characterization and identification of ordered phases of BCPs based on their computed scattering patterns.Our approach leverages the scattering theory of perfect crystals to efficiently compute the scattering patterns of periodic morphologies in a unit cell.In the first stage of the SAIS,phases are identified by comparing reflection conditions at a sequence of Miller indices.To confirm or refine the identification results of the first stage,the second stage of the SAIS introduces a tailored residual between the test phase and each of the known candidate phases.Furthermore,our strategy incorporates a variance-like criterion to distinguish background species,enabling its extension to multi-species BCP systems.It has been demonstrated that our strategy achieves exceptional accuracy and robustness while requiring minimal computational resources.Additionally,the approach allows for real-time expansion and improvement to the candidate phase library,facilitating the development of automated research workflows for designing specific ordered structures and discovering new ordered phases in BCPs.

Analysis of Non-WSSUS Fading Dispersive Channel Model

The Wide-Sense Stationary Uncorrelated Scattering （WSSUS） model has long been viewed as a basic channel model to describe the fading dispersive channel. But non- WSSUS models have more universal applicability when the wireless mobile channel with broadband is studied with finer and more detailed knowledge of propagation environments. So the four-Dimension （4-D） characteristics of channel, namely time, lag, frequency, and Doppler, should be studied together. In this paper, Wigner-Ville distribution of Time-Frequency （TF） domain is introduced to analyze channel in which the incidence rays are non-stationary and correlated with each other. Several channel models, according to different move modes of incidence rays, with time-varying Doppler shift are designed and 4-D Local Scattering Function （LSF） are computed and simulated respectively. Our simulation results show the LSF present asymmetric and non-periodic TF distri- bution for some symmetric and periodic move modes of incidence rays.

Large-signal modeling method for power FETs and diodes

Under a large signal drive level,a frequency domain black box model of the nonlinear scattering function is introduced into power FETs and diodes.A time domain measurement system and a calibration method based on a digital oscilloscope are designed to extract the nonlinear scattering function of semiconductor devices.The extracted models can reflect the real electrical performance of semiconductor devices and propose a new large-signal model to the design of microwave semiconductor circuits.

Decomposition of Molecular Motions into Translational, Rotational, and Intramolecular Parts by a Projection Operator Technique

The motion of the atoms in a molecule may be described as a superposition of translational motion of the molecular center-of-mass,rotational motion about the principal molecular axes,and an intramolecular motion that may be associated with vibrations and librations as well as molecular conformational changes.We have constructed projection operators that use the atomic coordinates and velocities at any two times,t=0 and a later time t,to determine the molecular center-of-mass,rotational,and intramolecular motions in a molecular dynamics simulation.This model-independent technique facilitates characterization of the atomic motions within a system of complex molecules and is important for the interpretation of experiments that rely on time correlation functions of atomic and molecular positions and velocities.The application of the projection operator technique is illustrated for the inelastic neutron scattering functions and for the translational and rotational velocity autocorrelation functions.

Discrete unified gas kinetic scheme for multiscale anisotropic radiative heat transfer

In this work,a discrete unified gas kinetic scheme(DUGKS)is developed for radiative transfer in anisotropic scattering media.The method is an extension of a previous one for isotropic radiation problems[1].The present scheme is a finite-volume discretization of the anisotropic gray radiation equation,where the anisotropic scattering phase function is approximated by the Legendre polynomial expansion.With the coupling of free transport and scattering processes in the reconstruction of the flux at cell interfaces,the present DUGKS has the nice unified preserving properties such that the cell size is not limited by the photon mean free path even in the optical thick regime.Several one-and two-dimensional numerical tests are conducted to validate the performance of the present DUGKS,and the numerical results demonstrate that the scheme is a reliable method for anisotropic radiative heat transfer problems.