XML is the standard format for data exchange between inter-enterprise applications on the Internet. To facilitate data exchange, industry groups define public document type that specify the format of the XML data to b...XML is the standard format for data exchange between inter-enterprise applications on the Internet. To facilitate data exchange, industry groups define public document type that specify the format of the XML data to be exchanged between their applications. In this paper, we propose a new method to solve the problem of automating the conversion of relational data into XML. During the conversion, we considers not only the structure of relational schemas, but also semantic constraints such as inclusion dependencies during the translation--it takes as input a relational schema where multiple tables are interconnected through inclusion dependencies and converts it into an X-Schema. Finally, in order to validate our proposal, we present experimental results using real schemas.展开更多
Our aim is to study the early maladaptive schemas and the memory span abilities and to evaluate the relationship between these schemas and the memory in one side and academic performance in the other side among Morocc...Our aim is to study the early maladaptive schemas and the memory span abilities and to evaluate the relationship between these schemas and the memory in one side and academic performance in the other side among Moroccan students. A cross-sectional study is conducted among 212 students, randomly selected from different institutions of the IBN TOFAIL University, located in the city of Kenitra (NW of Morocco). Three neurocognitive tests are used: the short version of the Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire to evaluate the early maladaptive schemas (EMS), the sub-test of the Wechsler to evaluate the working memory among these subjects, and a general questionnaire about socio-economic data, nutritional and mental health status and also, academic performances of each student. The obtained results showed some significant negative correlations between forward memory span and activated schema, and significant negative correlations are registered between backward memory span and activated schema. More, thirty-three percent of students passed the exams of the autumn term against 67% who failed it. Moreover, significant negative correlations are registered between the schemas and the number of Units validated in the autumn term. In addition, fifty-three percent of students had a normal forward memory, 47% had an excellent forward memory and no one had pathological one. However, 63% had a pathological backward memory span, 28% had normal memory and 9% had an excellent backward memory. The EMS appeared in connection with the student’s working memory and the academic performance. Deeper investigations are needed to understand this relationship and also to study other possible factors that could affect this important neurocognitive function.展开更多
Social interactions strategies refer to saying the proper words and sentences on proper occasions. They could be affected by different cultural backgrounds （schemas）. Culture is usually treated as the basis of our s...Social interactions strategies refer to saying the proper words and sentences on proper occasions. They could be affected by different cultural backgrounds （schemas）. Culture is usually treated as the basis of our social interactions which influences the way we deal with problems, and even our thought and behavior. Therefore, although many communication problems occur on the interpersonal level, most difficulties and misunderstandings can be traced to cultural differences. With a deeper comprehension, the cultural differences are the schema differences which are a kind of framework of a specific culture that exists in people＇s brain and influences people＇s judgments and behavior of daily life. Furthermore, this schema conflict would also confuse people＇s judgment and make them to choose the wrong way to respond. Thus, the schema conflict interferes our social interactions.展开更多
This is a reflection on how cultural schema principles might be incorporated into the Oral English classroom. More specifically, it notes on how a strategy was developed for freshmen and sophomore classes of English m...This is a reflection on how cultural schema principles might be incorporated into the Oral English classroom. More specifically, it notes on how a strategy was developed for freshmen and sophomore classes of English majors over the period of an entire term. The findings indicate that Cultural Schema Theory plays a significant role in the facilitation of College English.展开更多
Objective: Aim of the study is to examine the relationships between early maladaptive schemas and the character and temperament aspects of personality, which are known as two approaches to the understanding of persona...Objective: Aim of the study is to examine the relationships between early maladaptive schemas and the character and temperament aspects of personality, which are known as two approaches to the understanding of personality structure. Methods: We conducted the study using the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF) and the Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in 122 university students from different schools. Results and Conclusion: Results demonstrated that there are high level of positive as well as negative correlations between most of TCI items and some of the sub-scales of the YSQ, including vulnerability, social isolation and defectiveness. In consistent with the Halvorsen et al.’s findings, our study demonstrated that harm avoidance had a positive relationship with several EMSs, including emotional deprivation, deficiency, dependence, failure, subjugation and selfsacrifice. More importantly, we obtained the results consistent with theirs regarding the negative correlations between self-directedness and almost all of EMSs, with the exception of the schema of subjugation. We concluded that although some of the personality characteristics contained in the YSQ and the TCI are appeared to be related to each other, we need more studies to support the Young et al.’s suggestion that early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) are likely to reflect underlying characterological factors of personality.展开更多
Background Many psychotherapy theories emphasise the importance of self-schema and other-schema,but most previous studies focused on the explicit self-schema in major depressive disorder(MDD).However,the limited studi...Background Many psychotherapy theories emphasise the importance of self-schema and other-schema,but most previous studies focused on the explicit self-schema in major depressive disorder(MDD).However,the limited studies of implicit self-schema in MDD have shown inconsistencies in their findings.Furthermore,only a few studies have investigated the implicit other-schema,and the pathway illustrating how implicit schemas influence depression remains unclear.Aims The primary aim of our study was to explore the characteristics of implicit self-schema and otherschema in patients with MDD.We also examine the chain-mediating effect of attachment relationships and interpersonal trust.Methods The present study included 88 patients with MDD and 88 healthy controls(HCs).The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17,Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory—Revised Questionnaire,Trust Scale and the Extrinsic Affective Simon Task(EAST)were used to assess depressive symptoms,attachment relationships,interpersonal trust and implicit schemas,respectively.Paired sample t-test was used to compare the reaction time(RT)for positive and negative words within the two groups.Analysis of covariance was used to explore the difference between two groups from the perspective of implicit schemas and interpersonal patterns.The chain mediation model was verified by bootstrap.Results(1)For interpersonal patterns,patients with MDD scored significantly higher on attachment anxiety(F=82.150,p<0.001)and attachment avoidance(F=23.192,p<0.001)and scored significantly lower on the predictability(F=30.297,p<0.001),dependence(F=39.728,p<0.001)and faith(F=60.997,p<0.001)dimensions of interpersonal trust.(2)As for implicit schemas,no significant difference was found between the RT for positive self-words and negative self-words in patients with MDD(t=−1.056,p=0.294).However,the HC responded faster to positive self-words than negative self-words(t=−3.286,p=0.001).The RT for positive other-words and negative other-words were significantly different in both patients with MDD(t=2.943,p=0.004)and HCs(t=−2.482,p=0.015),with opposite directions.The EAST effect of other-schema in patients with MDD was significantly different from that in HCs(F=13.051,p<0.001).(3)For the total sample,the EAST effect of other-schema significantly correlated with attachment avoidance,interpersonal trust and depressive symptoms.Attachment avoidance and interpersonal trust were the chain mediators between the EAST effect of other-schema and depressive symptoms(95%CI:−0.090 to−0.008).However,no significant results were found for the EAST effect of other-schema when correlation and mediation analyses were performed for HCs and patients with MDD separately.Conclusions This study verified that patients with MDD have abnormal interpersonal patterns and negative implicit schemas.However,no mediating effect of attachment relationships and interpersonal trust was found.展开更多
The increased number of data repositories has greatly increased the availability of open data.To enable broad discovery and access to research dataset,some data repositories have begun leveraging the web architecture ...The increased number of data repositories has greatly increased the availability of open data.To enable broad discovery and access to research dataset,some data repositories have begun leveraging the web architecture by embedding structured metadata markup in dataset web landing pages using vocabularies from Schema.org and extensions.This paper aims to examine metadata interoperability for supporting global data discovery.Specifically,the paper reports a survey on which metadata schema has been adopted by participating data repositories,and presents an analysis of crosswalks from fourteen research data schemas to Schema.org.The analysis indicates most descriptive metadata are interoperable among the schemas,the most inconsistent mapping is the rights metadata,and a large gap exists in the structural metadata and controlled vocabularies to specify various property values.The analysis and collated crosswalks can serve as a reference for data repositories when they develop crosswalks from their own schemas to Schema.org,and provide the research data community a benchmark of structured metadata implementation.展开更多
When tens and even hundreds of schemas are involved in the integration process, criteria are needed for choosing clusters of schemas to be integrated, so as to deal with the integration problem through an efficient it...When tens and even hundreds of schemas are involved in the integration process, criteria are needed for choosing clusters of schemas to be integrated, so as to deal with the integration problem through an efficient iterative process. Schemas in clusters should be chosen according to cohesion and coupling criteria that are based on similarities and dissimilarities among schemas. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for a novel variant of the correlation clustering approach that addresses the problem of assisting a designer in integrating a large number of conceptual schemas. The novel variant introduces upper and lower bounds to the number of schemas in each cluster, in order to avoid too complex and too simple integration contexts respectively. We give a heuristic for solving the problem, being an NP hard combinatorial problem. An experimental activity demonstrates an appreciable increment in the effectiveness of the schema integration process when clusters are computed by means of the proposed algorithm w.r.t, the ones manually defined by an expert.展开更多
The evolution of the individual in ontogenesis has been studied throughout life and on all sides of development. Studies in the field based on medical rehability performed by a full team such as doctors, physiotherapi...The evolution of the individual in ontogenesis has been studied throughout life and on all sides of development. Studies in the field based on medical rehability performed by a full team such as doctors, physiotherapists and psychologists and not only have shown that the link between the patient’s psychological state and exercise are factors in full dependence and any imbalance can trigger irreparable effects. Psychology is the science that studies the laws of formation, development, functioning and deficiencies related to psychism;it includes a series of fundamental concepts that include: psychic processes, psychic phenomena, psychic attributes, psychic states or psychic activities. Psychic phenomena are the component elements of psychism. In a sense, the psychic phenomena are manifested by external facts, by our behavior, by the motor actions started, by gestures or verbal actions;in the other sense, psychic phenomena are manifested by inner deeds, as the form of ideas, images, feelings, and desires. The motor acts without psychism would be only simple automatisms, without human specifications of adaptation, while the psychism without motor acts would be deprived of the fundamentals of formation and functioning as well as of its production mechanisms. Objective: The objective of this study is to highlight the causal problems of delayed medical recovery in relation to the psychological and emotional factors. This desktop review aims to identify psychoemotional disorders in the case of subjects with operated lumbar disc herniation and aims to adapt a specialized physiotherapeutic protocol by adapting to CIF. The result of this study will be found in the percentage of socio-professional reintegration of the subjects with operated lumbar disc herniation and implicitly the increase in the quality of life. Conclusions: 1) For an effective functional recovery, a psycho-emotional balance is needed;2) A positive attitude actively influences medical rehabilitation;3) Regaining physical, cognitive and social activities depend on the degree of psycho-emotional impairment. .展开更多
基于 Web Service、XML 等设计开发了可配置的灵动数据集成中间件,用于不同数据库系统之间的数据迁移,很好地解决了异构系统之间的数据集成问题,该中间件具有的可扩展性和随需应变的能力,可以适应企事业单位不断发展的信息化需要.详细...基于 Web Service、XML 等设计开发了可配置的灵动数据集成中间件,用于不同数据库系统之间的数据迁移,很好地解决了异构系统之间的数据集成问题,该中间件具有的可扩展性和随需应变的能力,可以适应企事业单位不断发展的信息化需要.详细介绍了数据集成中间件的结构和实现功能,并在基于关系型数据库的档案和办公系统的数据集成中应用了该方案,为用户提供可配置的使用方式.展开更多
基金the Liaoning Province Education Department Funding Project (2008D028)
文摘XML is the standard format for data exchange between inter-enterprise applications on the Internet. To facilitate data exchange, industry groups define public document type that specify the format of the XML data to be exchanged between their applications. In this paper, we propose a new method to solve the problem of automating the conversion of relational data into XML. During the conversion, we considers not only the structure of relational schemas, but also semantic constraints such as inclusion dependencies during the translation--it takes as input a relational schema where multiple tables are interconnected through inclusion dependencies and converts it into an X-Schema. Finally, in order to validate our proposal, we present experimental results using real schemas.
文摘Our aim is to study the early maladaptive schemas and the memory span abilities and to evaluate the relationship between these schemas and the memory in one side and academic performance in the other side among Moroccan students. A cross-sectional study is conducted among 212 students, randomly selected from different institutions of the IBN TOFAIL University, located in the city of Kenitra (NW of Morocco). Three neurocognitive tests are used: the short version of the Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire to evaluate the early maladaptive schemas (EMS), the sub-test of the Wechsler to evaluate the working memory among these subjects, and a general questionnaire about socio-economic data, nutritional and mental health status and also, academic performances of each student. The obtained results showed some significant negative correlations between forward memory span and activated schema, and significant negative correlations are registered between backward memory span and activated schema. More, thirty-three percent of students passed the exams of the autumn term against 67% who failed it. Moreover, significant negative correlations are registered between the schemas and the number of Units validated in the autumn term. In addition, fifty-three percent of students had a normal forward memory, 47% had an excellent forward memory and no one had pathological one. However, 63% had a pathological backward memory span, 28% had normal memory and 9% had an excellent backward memory. The EMS appeared in connection with the student’s working memory and the academic performance. Deeper investigations are needed to understand this relationship and also to study other possible factors that could affect this important neurocognitive function.
文摘Social interactions strategies refer to saying the proper words and sentences on proper occasions. They could be affected by different cultural backgrounds （schemas）. Culture is usually treated as the basis of our social interactions which influences the way we deal with problems, and even our thought and behavior. Therefore, although many communication problems occur on the interpersonal level, most difficulties and misunderstandings can be traced to cultural differences. With a deeper comprehension, the cultural differences are the schema differences which are a kind of framework of a specific culture that exists in people＇s brain and influences people＇s judgments and behavior of daily life. Furthermore, this schema conflict would also confuse people＇s judgment and make them to choose the wrong way to respond. Thus, the schema conflict interferes our social interactions.
文摘This is a reflection on how cultural schema principles might be incorporated into the Oral English classroom. More specifically, it notes on how a strategy was developed for freshmen and sophomore classes of English majors over the period of an entire term. The findings indicate that Cultural Schema Theory plays a significant role in the facilitation of College English.
文摘Objective: Aim of the study is to examine the relationships between early maladaptive schemas and the character and temperament aspects of personality, which are known as two approaches to the understanding of personality structure. Methods: We conducted the study using the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF) and the Cloninger’s Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in 122 university students from different schools. Results and Conclusion: Results demonstrated that there are high level of positive as well as negative correlations between most of TCI items and some of the sub-scales of the YSQ, including vulnerability, social isolation and defectiveness. In consistent with the Halvorsen et al.’s findings, our study demonstrated that harm avoidance had a positive relationship with several EMSs, including emotional deprivation, deficiency, dependence, failure, subjugation and selfsacrifice. More importantly, we obtained the results consistent with theirs regarding the negative correlations between self-directedness and almost all of EMSs, with the exception of the schema of subjugation. We concluded that although some of the personality characteristics contained in the YSQ and the TCI are appeared to be related to each other, we need more studies to support the Young et al.’s suggestion that early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) are likely to reflect underlying characterological factors of personality.
基金supported by grants from the Shanghai Mental Health Center(No.CRC2017YB01)and from Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.21Y11905400).
文摘Background Many psychotherapy theories emphasise the importance of self-schema and other-schema,but most previous studies focused on the explicit self-schema in major depressive disorder(MDD).However,the limited studies of implicit self-schema in MDD have shown inconsistencies in their findings.Furthermore,only a few studies have investigated the implicit other-schema,and the pathway illustrating how implicit schemas influence depression remains unclear.Aims The primary aim of our study was to explore the characteristics of implicit self-schema and otherschema in patients with MDD.We also examine the chain-mediating effect of attachment relationships and interpersonal trust.Methods The present study included 88 patients with MDD and 88 healthy controls(HCs).The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17,Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory—Revised Questionnaire,Trust Scale and the Extrinsic Affective Simon Task(EAST)were used to assess depressive symptoms,attachment relationships,interpersonal trust and implicit schemas,respectively.Paired sample t-test was used to compare the reaction time(RT)for positive and negative words within the two groups.Analysis of covariance was used to explore the difference between two groups from the perspective of implicit schemas and interpersonal patterns.The chain mediation model was verified by bootstrap.Results(1)For interpersonal patterns,patients with MDD scored significantly higher on attachment anxiety(F=82.150,p<0.001)and attachment avoidance(F=23.192,p<0.001)and scored significantly lower on the predictability(F=30.297,p<0.001),dependence(F=39.728,p<0.001)and faith(F=60.997,p<0.001)dimensions of interpersonal trust.(2)As for implicit schemas,no significant difference was found between the RT for positive self-words and negative self-words in patients with MDD(t=−1.056,p=0.294).However,the HC responded faster to positive self-words than negative self-words(t=−3.286,p=0.001).The RT for positive other-words and negative other-words were significantly different in both patients with MDD(t=2.943,p=0.004)and HCs(t=−2.482,p=0.015),with opposite directions.The EAST effect of other-schema in patients with MDD was significantly different from that in HCs(F=13.051,p<0.001).(3)For the total sample,the EAST effect of other-schema significantly correlated with attachment avoidance,interpersonal trust and depressive symptoms.Attachment avoidance and interpersonal trust were the chain mediators between the EAST effect of other-schema and depressive symptoms(95%CI:−0.090 to−0.008).However,no significant results were found for the EAST effect of other-schema when correlation and mediation analyses were performed for HCs and patients with MDD separately.Conclusions This study verified that patients with MDD have abnormal interpersonal patterns and negative implicit schemas.However,no mediating effect of attachment relationships and interpersonal trust was found.
文摘The increased number of data repositories has greatly increased the availability of open data.To enable broad discovery and access to research dataset,some data repositories have begun leveraging the web architecture by embedding structured metadata markup in dataset web landing pages using vocabularies from Schema.org and extensions.This paper aims to examine metadata interoperability for supporting global data discovery.Specifically,the paper reports a survey on which metadata schema has been adopted by participating data repositories,and presents an analysis of crosswalks from fourteen research data schemas to Schema.org.The analysis indicates most descriptive metadata are interoperable among the schemas,the most inconsistent mapping is the rights metadata,and a large gap exists in the structural metadata and controlled vocabularies to specify various property values.The analysis and collated crosswalks can serve as a reference for data repositories when they develop crosswalks from their own schemas to Schema.org,and provide the research data community a benchmark of structured metadata implementation.
文摘When tens and even hundreds of schemas are involved in the integration process, criteria are needed for choosing clusters of schemas to be integrated, so as to deal with the integration problem through an efficient iterative process. Schemas in clusters should be chosen according to cohesion and coupling criteria that are based on similarities and dissimilarities among schemas. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for a novel variant of the correlation clustering approach that addresses the problem of assisting a designer in integrating a large number of conceptual schemas. The novel variant introduces upper and lower bounds to the number of schemas in each cluster, in order to avoid too complex and too simple integration contexts respectively. We give a heuristic for solving the problem, being an NP hard combinatorial problem. An experimental activity demonstrates an appreciable increment in the effectiveness of the schema integration process when clusters are computed by means of the proposed algorithm w.r.t, the ones manually defined by an expert.
文摘The evolution of the individual in ontogenesis has been studied throughout life and on all sides of development. Studies in the field based on medical rehability performed by a full team such as doctors, physiotherapists and psychologists and not only have shown that the link between the patient’s psychological state and exercise are factors in full dependence and any imbalance can trigger irreparable effects. Psychology is the science that studies the laws of formation, development, functioning and deficiencies related to psychism;it includes a series of fundamental concepts that include: psychic processes, psychic phenomena, psychic attributes, psychic states or psychic activities. Psychic phenomena are the component elements of psychism. In a sense, the psychic phenomena are manifested by external facts, by our behavior, by the motor actions started, by gestures or verbal actions;in the other sense, psychic phenomena are manifested by inner deeds, as the form of ideas, images, feelings, and desires. The motor acts without psychism would be only simple automatisms, without human specifications of adaptation, while the psychism without motor acts would be deprived of the fundamentals of formation and functioning as well as of its production mechanisms. Objective: The objective of this study is to highlight the causal problems of delayed medical recovery in relation to the psychological and emotional factors. This desktop review aims to identify psychoemotional disorders in the case of subjects with operated lumbar disc herniation and aims to adapt a specialized physiotherapeutic protocol by adapting to CIF. The result of this study will be found in the percentage of socio-professional reintegration of the subjects with operated lumbar disc herniation and implicitly the increase in the quality of life. Conclusions: 1) For an effective functional recovery, a psycho-emotional balance is needed;2) A positive attitude actively influences medical rehabilitation;3) Regaining physical, cognitive and social activities depend on the degree of psycho-emotional impairment. .
文摘基于 Web Service、XML 等设计开发了可配置的灵动数据集成中间件,用于不同数据库系统之间的数据迁移,很好地解决了异构系统之间的数据集成问题,该中间件具有的可扩展性和随需应变的能力,可以适应企事业单位不断发展的信息化需要.详细介绍了数据集成中间件的结构和实现功能,并在基于关系型数据库的档案和办公系统的数据集成中应用了该方案,为用户提供可配置的使用方式.
