Ranking academic institutions based on the productivity,impact,and quality of institutional scholars

Purpose:The quantitative rankings of over 55,000 institutions and their institutional programs are based on the individual rankings of approximately 30 million scholars determined by their productivity,impact,and quality.Design/methodology/approach:The institutional ranking process developed here considers all institutions in all countries and regions,thereby including those that are established,as well as those that are emerging in scholarly prowess.Rankings of individual scholars worldwide are first generated using the recently introduced,fully indexed ScholarGPS database.The rankings of individual scholars are extended here to determine the lifetime and last-five-year Top 20 rankings of academic institutions over all Fields of scholarly endeavor,in 14 individual Fields,in 177 Disciplines,and in approximately 350,000 unique Specialties.Rankings associated with five specific Fields(Medicine,Engineering&Computer Science,Life Sciences,Physical Sciences&Mathematics,and Social Sciences),and in two Disciplines(Chemistry,and Electrical&Computer Engineering)are presented as examples,and changes in the rankings over time are discussed.Findings:For the Fields considered here,the Top 20 institutional rankings in Medicine have undergone the least change(lifetime versus last five years),while the rankings in Engineering&Computer Science have exhibited significant change.The evolution of institutional rankings over time is largely attributed to the recent emergence of Chinese academic institutions,although this emergence is shown to be highly Field-and Discipline-dependent.Practical implementations:Existing rankings of academic institutions have:(i)often been restricted to pre-selected institutions,clouding the potential discovery of scholarly activity in emerging institutions and countries;(ii)considered only broad areas of research,limiting the ability of university leadership to act on the assessments in a concrete manner,or in contrast;(iii)have considered only a narrow area of research for comparison,diminishing the broader applicability and impact of the assessment.In general,existing institutional rankings depend on which institutions are included in the ranking process,which areas of research are considered,the breadth(or granularity)of the research areas of interest,and the methodologies used to define and quantify research performance.In contrast,the methods presented here can provide important data over a broad range of granularity to allow responsible individuals to gauge the performance of any institution from the Overall(all Fields)level,to the level of the Specialty.The methods may also assist identification of the root causes of shifts in institution rankings,and how these shifts vary across hundreds of thousands of Fields,Disciplines,and Specialties of scholarly endeavor.Originality/value:This study provides the first ranking of all academic institutions worldwide over Fields,Disciplines,and Specialties based on a unique methodology that quantifies the productivity,impact,and quality of individual scholars.

Spatial analysis of the osteoarthritis microenvironment: techniques, insights, and applications

Osteoarthritis(OA)is a debilitating degenerative disease affecting multiple joint tissues,including cartilage,bone,synovium,and adipose tissues.OA presents diverse clinical phenotypes and distinct molecular endotypes,including inflammatory,metabolic,mechanical,genetic,and synovial variants.Consequently,innovative technologies are needed to support the development of effective diagnostic and precision therapeutic approaches.Traditional analysis of bulk OA tissue extracts has limitations due to technical constraints,causing challenges in the differentiation between various physiological and pathological phenotypes in joint tissues.This issue has led to standardization difficulties and hindered the success of clinical trials.Gaining insights into the spatial variations of the cellular and molecular structures in OA tissues,encompassing DNA,RNA,metabolites,and proteins,as well as their chemical properties,elemental composition,and mechanical attributes,can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the disease subtypes.Spatially resolved biology enables biologists to investigate cells within the context of their tissue microenvironment,providing a more holistic view of cellular function.Recent advances in innovative spatial biology techniques now allow intact tissue sections to be examined using various-omics lenses,such as genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics,with spatial data.This fusion of approaches provides researchers with critical insights into the molecular composition and functions of the cells and tissues at precise spatial coordinates.Furthermore,advanced imaging techniques,including high-resolution microscopy,hyperspectral imaging,and mass spectrometry imaging,enable the visualization and analysis of the spatial distribution of biomolecules,cells,and tissues.Linking these molecular imaging outputs to conventional tissue histology can facilitate a more comprehensive characterization of disease phenotypes.This review summarizes the recent advancements in the molecular imaging modalities and methodologies for in-depth spatial analysis.It explores their applications,challenges,and potential opportunities in the field of OA.Additionally,this review provides a perspective on the potential research directions for these contemporary approaches that can meet the requirements of clinical diagnoses and the establishment of therapeutic targets for OA.

基于ADAMS/Insight的轮毂电机驱动的乘用车双横臂悬架的优化

本研究聚焦于电动轮驱动乘用车的双横臂前悬架优化。通过ADAMS/Car建立多体动力学虚拟模型,进行双轮平行跳动仿真评估初始设计。利用ADAMS/Insight优化悬架参数,选取关键点坐标和车轮定位参数,联合ADAMS/Car和ADAMS/Insight进行联合仿真和多目标优化。通过灵敏度分析,获得优化坐标值,显著提升悬架性能。研究显示联合仿真和优化有效优化了悬架系统。

CIIS Holds the 20th China-US Young Scholars’Dialogue

From November 7 to 10,the China Institute of International Studies(CIIS)held the 20th China-US Yong Scholars’Dialogue,with the theme of“Finding the Right Way for China and the US to Get Along in the New Era:Opportunities and Challenges.”CIIS President Chen Bo delivered the opening remarks,and Vice President Liu Qing delivered the closing speech.

Alternation and Evolution of the Fables of Pre-Qin Scholars Along With the Contextual Changes

The fables of Pre-Qin scholars occupied an important position in the history of the development of Chinese culture,thoughts,and literature,hence had profound and extensive influence on later generations.As a kind of carrier of thoughts,the fables of the Pre-Qin scholars were not immutable and frozen,for they have been influenced by various aspects in the process of transmitting and recognizing.This article attempts to study the evolution of the function,expression,and connotation of the fables of the Pre-Qin scholars.

Virtuoso iQuantus Insight及Quantus Insight流程在FINFET先进工艺项目中加速后仿迭代的应用

随着工艺演进,尺寸进一步缩小带来了更多寄生通路和更大的寄生电阻,后仿结果和前仿相去甚远。如何快速缩小前后仿之间的差距成为重要课题。传统设计中只能通过Quantus Extracted View相对直观地对寄生进行分析,无法更详细地进行分析,这成为设计者们面临的艰巨挑战。同时,后仿发现问题,只能通过“修改电路-版图迭代-再次后仿”反复优化,迭代周期长,如何降低时间成本成为各公司关注的重点。Virtuoso iQuantus Insight(ViQI)/Quantus Insight(QI)可基于寄生网表文件进行寄生分析及结果可视化。工程师可借此对寄生进行准确的分析及假设,无需版图迭代,即可进行设计优化。讨论了如何通过ViQI/QI工具在FINFET先进工艺项目中实现快速的后仿迭代,大幅提高工作效率。

基于自主出版平台服务一流科技期刊建设的创新发展路径及应用探索——以聚光学术(Lighthouse Scholar)平台为例

中国的世界一流科技期刊建设对象应包含中文刊和英文刊,这是掌握国际学术话语权的基础。中国已经成为论文发表大国,科技期刊发展的数量和质量也在不断提升,但大部分科技期刊需依托第三方出版平台完成论文的投稿、评审及发表等工作,容易造成出版“卡脖子”问题。为了能在自主办刊上取得一些突破,中山大学中山眼科中心通过加强出版人才建设、夯实技术基础等措施,自主研发符合国情、具有医学特色的出版平台,服务中文期刊和英文期刊的全流程出版。就中山大学中山眼科中心基于自主出版平台服务自主办刊过程的一些探索进行总结分析,以期为中国科技期刊发展提供可借鉴的办刊经验。

Making bridges between preclinical and clinical insights into age-related cognitive decline

With people living longer,the societal impact of age-related cognitive decline is becoming more pronounced(Crimmins,2015).Thus,it is increasingly important to comprehend the cognitive shifts linked to aging-whether they are physiological or pathological.

Emerging insights into the function of very long chain fatty acids at cerebellar synapses

Very long chain-saturated and-polyunsaturated fatty acids(VLC-SFA and VLC-PUFA, respectively) are a functionally important class of fatty acids containing 28 carbons or more in their acyl chain. They are synthesized by the elongation of very long fatty acids-4(ELOVL4) enzyme, expressed mainly in the brain, retina, skin, testes, and meibomian gland, where these fatty acids are found(Agbaga et al., 2008). Further, these organs exhibit tissuespecific VLC-PUFA and VLC-SFA biosynthesis and incorporation into complex lipids for specific functions. In the brain, skin, and Meibomian glands, the ELOVL4 mainly makes VLC-SFA, which are incorporated into complex sphingolipids. In the retina, the ELOVL4 makes VLC-PUFA that are incorporated into phosphatidylcholine, that are critical for visual function, while in testes and sperm, the VLC-PUFA are incorporated into sphingolipids that are critical for fertility(Yeboah et al., 2021).

A Scholar of Dignity:Remembering Peter Luh

It was a shock and disbelief to learn of Peter's death last December.To me,he was so fit in his figure,so healthy in his lifestyle,so mild and mindful in his social behavior,and so devout in his religious belief,......,I had expected a long and happy life for him,and planned to join his 80th or even 100th birthday celebration.

Ageing-related bone and immunity changes:insights into the complex interplay between the skeleton and the immune system

Ageing as a natural irreversible process inherently results in the functional deterioration of numerous organ systems and tissues,including the skeletal and immune systems.Recent studies have elucidated the intricate bidirectional interactions between these two systems.

Ancient DNA unravels species identification from Laosicheng site,Hunan Province,China,and provides insights into maternal genetic history of East Asian leopards

DEAR EDITOR,The Laosicheng site in Yongshun County,Hunan Province,China,plays an important role in elucidating the animal population composition of the region prior to the middle Qing Dynasty(approximately 300 years ago).This site has yielded a substantial number of animal bones,11960 of which have been identified to the species level,serving as direct evidence of ancient animal populations(Hunan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,2018).

Response of InSight resonance modes to environmental factors on Mars

The InSight(Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations,Geodesy,and Heat Transport)mission has recorded continuous ambient noise signals with many spectral peaks since its landing in 2018.The majority of these peaks are modes produced by instrumental vibrations and are associated with environmental factors,such as temperature and wind energy fluctuations.Understanding how these modes react under various conditions is crucial because it aids in identifying their origins.In this study,we analyzed the three-component spectra of InSight recordings from sols 184–738 and obtained the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio(HVSR,also known as H/V)curves for different time intervals.The primary modes,such as those at 3.3 and 4.1 Hz,exhibited different behaviors,suggesting diverse origins.Some modes were sensitive to low temperature and some were sensitive to high temperature.Additionally,we investigated the influence of wind and temperature on the H/V curve.The peak frequency was mainly affected by temperature,whereas the H/V value was not associated with the temperature or wind only.Characterizing these modes and elucidating their origins are significant for processing signals from InSight and can provide valuable guidance for designing future planetary seismometers.

Insights from i-Tree Eco-efficiency Assessment Management of Urban Trees in Oxford,UK

In the era of stock development following the acceleration of urbanization,the revitalization of urban green space has assumed an increasingly significant role.Consequently,the management of urban trees has emerged as a critical focus of urban governance,contributing to the enhancement of livability in human settlements.This study offers a comprehensive analysis of the urban tree management system in Oxford,UK,identifying that its primary objective is to optimize and maintain a harmonious balance between human activities and the natural environment through the implementation of high-quality planting practices.The system emphasizes enhanced management practices and establishes a robust framework for the development of targeted policies and management regulations,utilizing i-Tree eco-efficiency assessment and real-time feedback mechanisms.China’s urban tree management is in its nascent stages,and there is an urgent need for the development of urban green space.By adopting the refined management assessment methodologies employed for urban trees in Oxford,UK,it is possible to enhance the ecological value of urban trees,which represent a significant green resource within cities,and contribute to the creation of more livable urban spaces.

INSIGHTS ON CHINA FROM THE TWO SESSIONS

China’s annual Two Sessions have again attracted worldwide attention.A close look at the Two Sessions always provides key insights on China.China is often accused of being undemocratic.In fact,however,China is democratic in practice except that its democracy differs from systems studied in the West or in general politics.China’s democratic process is worth studying.

An Exploration of Traditional Chinese Cultural Programs:The Construction of Rituals,Narrative Strategies,and Experiential Insights

In the context of the cultural development of the new era and the burgeoning spiritual demands of the people,there has been a remarkable surge in the proliferation of traditional Chinese cultural programs.The“Chinese Festivals”series,produced by Henan TV,standing out as an engaging TV program that showcases traditional Chinese culture,has rapidly captivated a diverse audience across different age groups,creating a rich,multi-dimensional,and cross-media cultural communication ecosystem.The program strategically selects symbolic elements by systematically categorizing and organizing traditional Chinese cultural symbols to create a rich cultural space.It employs cutting-edge scientific and technological methods to enrich viewer immersion,crafting media rituals with both temporal significance and a profound sense of media ritual.This approach boosts the program’s popularity and sets a benchmark for industry innovation.By fostering an interactive narrative between mainstream media and the public,the program continuously broadens the scope of the“story world,”fostering a harmonious and structured national cultural community through the creative interpretation of traditional Chinese culture and the evocative crafting of the aesthetic sensibilities inherent in Chinese art.It is worth noting that the phenomenon of aesthetic fatigue besets the development of this serial program.To address this issue and further improve the appeal of the program,a comprehensive approach is required to develop a cohesive narrative mode for the“story world.”This involves harmonizing the interplay between artistic endeavors and technological advancements,synchronizing sensory experiences with the foundational ritualistic elements,and enhancing the effectiveness of the media communication matrix to construct a brand of media culture that has social significance,aesthetic value,and economic profits in the new era.

Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Models for Customer Churn Prediction in the U.S. Banking and Financial Services: Economic Impact and Industry-Specific Insights

Customer churn poses a significant challenge for the banking and finance industry in the United States, directly affecting profitability and market share. This study conducts a comprehensive comparative analysis of machine learning models for customer churn prediction, focusing on the U.S. context. The research evaluates the performance of logistic regression, random forest, and neural networks using industry-specific datasets, considering the economic impact and practical implications of the findings. The exploratory data analysis reveals unique patterns and trends in the U.S. banking and finance industry, such as the age distribution of customers and the prevalence of dormant accounts. The study incorporates macroeconomic factors to capture the potential influence of external conditions on customer churn behavior. The findings highlight the importance of leveraging advanced machine learning techniques and comprehensive customer data to develop effective churn prevention strategies in the U.S. context. By accurately predicting customer churn, financial institutions can proactively identify at-risk customers, implement targeted retention strategies, and optimize resource allocation. The study discusses the limitations and potential future improvements, serving as a roadmap for researchers and practitioners to further advance the field of customer churn prediction in the evolving landscape of the U.S. banking and finance industry.

ScholarSFX与Google Scholar的本地化

Google Scholar的推出吸引了越来越多的学术研究人员。本文详细介绍了图书馆链接计划的运作模式和SFX技术的原理。重点介绍了免费链接解析服务器ScholarSFX的配置方法,以及它在浙江大学图书馆的应用,最后对Google Scholar图书馆链接的应用情况进行了总结。

资源利用与开发的范例——弗吉尼亚大学图书馆的“Scholars' Lab”

"Scholars' Lab"是一个专为弗吉尼亚大学人文社科专业教师和学生利用图书馆数字资源、寻求专家帮助、进行协同合作与创新研究的场所,其主要理念是图书馆资源与专家学者的有机融合,促进创新项目开展,提升研究层次。实验室由弗吉尼亚大学图书馆的数字化学术研究小组专家学者组成。文章介绍了"Scholars' Lab"的基本概况、服务内容及奖励措施,基于案例分析概括该实验室的几个鲜明特点,旨在为国内大学图书馆创新学科化服务,开发馆藏资源提供参考与帮助。

加拿大安大略省学术门户Scholars Portal的资源建设模式及其启示

加拿大安大略省大学图书馆联盟(OCUL)的重要项目及其成果Scholars Portal具有独特的资源建设模式和发展理念,其在OCUL的领导下重点在电子期刊和电子图书建设方面进行联盟运作,具有严密的组织架构、整合统一的检索平台、共享的基础设施、永久的资源保存等特色。Scholars Portal的运作模式对我国图书馆加强区域联盟资源建设与组织运行、重视数字资源的本地存储与长期保存、提升信息资源的整合力度与易用水平等方面具有启示意义和借鉴作用。