The Basic Principles of School Mental Health Education

School mental health education involves educators consciously,purposefully,and systematically influencing students’psychology using psychological educational methods and means based on the physical and mental development characteristics of students.The objective is to enhance students’psychological quality,develop their potential,cultivate optimistic and positive psychological traits,and promote the holistic development of their personalities.School mental health education is an integral component of quality education,a crucial element in cultivating high-quality talents for the 21st century,and a symbol of modern schools.

The Impact of Sports Games on the Psychological Health of Middle School Students

This study conducted a 16-week comparative experiment with 160 students from Jinan No.5 Middle School in Shandong Province as the experimental subjects.During the implementation of the experiment,the subjects were divided into two groups:an experimental group and a control group.The experimental group was subjected to physical exercise interventions using sports game teaching methods during physical education class,while the control group followed traditional physical education teaching methods.The results showed that the psychological health status of the students in the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group after the experiment.The application of sports games helps to improve the psychological health of middle school students in the course of physical education,promoting a positive and forward direction in student psychology and is an effective means to enhance the psychological health level of middle school students.

Survey on Attitude of Middle School Educators for Sex and Reproductive Health Education

Objective To get a general picture of the attitudes of middle school educators on sex and reproductive health education. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 144 middle school educators in three districts of Shanghai from September to October 2005 using anonymous self-administered questionnaire. Results The majority of the educators thought that it was necessary to launch the sex and reproductive health education in all of the middle schools in Shanghai （97. 02%）. They were aware that the age of the students＇puberty were earlier now than before （94.41%）, but the reproductive health knowledge of students was neither sufficient nor correct （78.34%）. The sex and reproductive health education had been involved in the curriculum of many middle schools （66.11%）. Lacking of qualified education staffs contributed most （90. 71%） in the schools which had not launched the sex and reproductive health education. Lacking of qualified education staffs （90.91%） challenged most in the schools which had carried the education. Conclusion The middle school educators thought it was necessary to carry the sex and reproductive health education in all of the middle schools in Shanghai while the major challenges were lacking of qualified education staffs and sufficient teaching time.

Impact of Health Education on KAP towards Malaria among Basic Schools Pupils in Taiz Governorate. Republic of Yemen 2013: Pre and Post Intervention Study

Background: Malaria is one of the main health problems in Yemen. School-age children represent 25% of Yemen’s population and an increased proportion of these children are going to school. Schools provide a good entry point for community malaria prevention and control. Aim: To assess the impact of HE campaign towards malaria prevention and control. Methods: We conducted a community-based trial (pre-post intervention study), in two randomly selected districts (rural and urban) of Taiz governorate. The sample size was calculated using Epi Info version7 to be 1065 pupils from 6th - 8th grades in randomly selected basic schools. Data was collected using questionnaire before and after the intervention (three months apart). χ2 was used to analyze differences. Results: Health education activities in schools were associated with the increased knowledge of malaria symptoms and methods of prevention from 24.5% to be 60.2% among pre and post intervention respectively, with statistically significant difference (p Conclusions and Recommendation: Health education intervention in schools had a positive impact on the knowledge and attitude of pupils. We recommend conducting health education activities to improve the role of school pupils in malaria prevention.

Effect of Health Education on Knowledge Attitude Practice towards Malaria among Basic Schools Pupils in Taiz

Background: Malaria is one of the main health problems in Yemen. Health education is essential for the control of diseases such as malaria. School-age children represent 25% of Yemen’s population. Schools children can convey the knowledge and skills that they acquire at school to the community, thus increasing general community awareness about malaria. Aim to determine the impact of school-based malaria education intervention on knowledge, attitude and practice of school children towards malaria prevention and control. Methods: We conducted a community-based trial, intervention and non-intervention comparison (exposed & non-exposed), in four randomly selected districts (rural and urban) of Taiz governorate. This study was conducted in four districts of Taiz governorate. The study population was 2130 pupils of grade 6, 7, and 8 in primary schools, chosen from four randomly selected districts;two of them were rural and the others urban. Four schools and their pupils (1065 pupils) were chosen for the study and assigned as an intervention group and four schools with their pupils (1065) were chosen for the study and assigned as a non-intervention (1065 pupils). Data were collected using questioner in intervention and non-intervention schools (three months apart). The major intervention activities included lectures about malaria, distribution of educational materials. χ2 was used to analyze differences. Results: Health education activities in schools were associated with the increased knowledge of malaria symptoms and methods of prevention. The mean knowledge of malaria symptoms is higher in the intervention schools 4.4 ± 1.9, compared with 2.1 ± 1.4 in the non-intervention group. With statistically significant difference (P < 0.001), also the positive attitude and practice toward malaria was higher to be (48%) in the intervention group;compared with (35%) in the non-intervention group the difference was statistically significant. The knowledge of mode of malaria transmission was higher in the intervention schools to be (86.2%) compared with (59.1%) in the non-intervention group, with statistically significant deference (P value <0.001). The knowledge of fever as a main malaria symptom was higher to be (90.4%) in the intervention schools compared with (63.6%) in the non-intervention schools with statistically significant deference. Conclusions and Recommendation: This study concludes that the health education intervention in primary schools in Taize governorate had a positive impact on the knowledge, attitude and practice of pupils. We recommend to conduct similar methods of the health education activities in schools with suitable modifications to reach all schools level.

EVALUATION ON THE EFFECT OF A SHORT-TERM INTERVENTION OF SEXUAL/REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH EDUCATION AMONG RURAL MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS

Objective To analyze and evaluate the impact of adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health education on students’ sexual knowledge,attitude and behavior.Methods A short term intervention was conducted among high school students in two schools in Xixiang county,Shaanxi Province.The intervention was carried out in the forms of manual,video,discussion,consultation,and so on .The contents of intervention consisted of the knowledge about adolescent physiology,care,conception,STD/HIV, and so on. Results The results showed that students’ knowledge increased significantly(11.92±4.61 before intervention vs 19.81±4.8 after intervention, P =0.000).The sexual attitude and behavior changed insignificantly,especially the change of behavior.Conclusion The intervention is significantly effective in increasing knowledge,but less effective in the change of attitude and almost ineffective in the behavior change.

Promoting Effect of School Physical Education on Adolescent Mental Health Education--On the Cultivation of“Masculinity”

This paper learned the status quo of adolescent mental health through literature method.In recent years,the lack of“masculinity”has attracted more and more attention from the society,which has become a hot topic at present.The lack of“masculinity”is also closely related to the problems of adolescent mental health.By analyzing the causes of the lack of youth“masculinity”,this paper makes clear the mission of the times that school sports should undertake in the process of shaping youth“masculinity”in the new era:(1)strengthen the top-level design of policy and pay attention to policy guarantee;(2)integrated education of physical education and moral education,focusing on the training of students’sense of responsibility and moral responsibility;(3)improve the competition system,promote learning by“competition”,and promote teaching by“competition”to strengthen physical quality practice and build up physical and mental health quality;(4)strengthen the condition guarantee:“matching”and“strengthening”physical education teachers,reform the physical education teaching content,strengthen the school physical education curriculum system.Only from the action,the idea,the method step by step to perfect,the implementation of the ground,the school physical education to the youth’s mental health problems can play a real role in promoting.

On the Application of Red Cross Spirit to Moral Education of Secondary Vocational Health School

Red Cross Spirit acts as an important moral value for students.It wins so wide recognitions that more and more Chinese secondary vocational health schools have already put it into use.This paper attempts to discuss the application of Red Cross Spirit to the moral education of secondary vocational health school from the perspectives:curriculum,assignments,and activities.We hope this study could promote students’professional ethics and boost the development of moral education with the feature of secondary vocational health school.

Preventing Behavioral-Risks Incidence among School Children: The Role of School-Based Health Promotion Program

This article addresses the important role school health education program can play in reducing youth risky behaviors that lead to incarceration, diseases and fatalities or that impact their academic performance in school. Children growing up are at risks of exposure to different behaviors and common social influences which if unchecked result in unexpected health consequences common among youth in America today. According to US Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, the six leading behaviors that cause death, disability, and social problems among American children are: unintentional injuries and violence, alcohol and drug use, tobacco use, unhealthy diets, inadequate physical activities, and sexual behaviors and diseases. This article shows that school health program: 1) can provide the foundation for children to learn desired healthy behaviors in order to preserve life, 2) protects the future of children and that of the nation, 3) can teach students skills to recognize risky behaviors and resist them, 4) can boost community efforts to achieve desired health behaviors, 5) closes socio-economic gaps that interfere with basic nurturing of children, and 6) finally links local stakeholders as partners in promoting community safety. Through review of literature, the authors found that it costs ($588) daily or (214,620) annually to incarcerate a juvenile and only $75 daily for the cost of individualized community-based services. The cost to New York is over $900,000, yet does not address the causative issues. The authors recommend that schools teach comprehensive school health from kindergarten to grade 12 and employ health educators to support teachers teach health promotion and education.

Prevention of Children Obesity: A Nutrition Education Intervention Model on Dietary Habits in Basic Schools in Chile

The objective of this study is to describe the process and results of a three-year project designed to create a nutrition education intervention model that promotes healthy dietary habits among teachers, students and their families. The methodology consisted in surveys, focus groups and Delphi method to assess teachers’, students’ and parents’ dietary habits, followed by an intervention for parents, and a participative nutritional education intervention with information and communication technologies applied to teachers, with the purpose to transfer nutritional knowledge and habits to school children and their families. Qualitative results were measured in all the phases of the project with positive results, and quantitative results demonstrated significant changes in food knowledge and healthy dietary habits in parents, teachers and students, compared with the control groups, without changes in students’ nutritional status during the short period of the intervention. With the results, an integral school nutrition education model in healthy eating was developed with children, parents, teachers and support for school management. This model should be applied in the educational sector to address the problem of unhealthy diet and childhood obesity that affects Chile and the world.

Operations of school health program assessment at selected secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area,Benin City,Nigeria

Background:School health program(SHP)is the most cost-effective investment a nation can make to simultaneously improve education and health conditions of her citizen.In spite of this,the adoption of SHP in developing countries is still below set standard.Therefore,this study assesses the operations of SHP in secondary schools in Egor Local Government Area(LGA),Benin City,Nigeria.Materials and Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted with accidental sampling method to select 56 school health teachers from secondary schools in Egor LGA.A self-structured instrument was used to collect data based on the research objectives.Data collected were analyzed using percentages,means,and standard deviation.Results:This study showed that despite high level of the program awareness,the actualization of its objective was found to be poor,and this was found to be related with the lack of government support,lack of needed personnel and materials,lack of effective supervision of the program and inappropriate funding.Conclusion:In-service training on SHP should be provided to enhance the skills needed for implementation of SHP.The government should provide needed materials and equipment and employ competent health personnel to take charge of the school health services,and other policymakers should mobilize and strengthen SHP and education activities at the state.

Effect of an E-Educational Poster on Improving the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice on the Proper Use of Face Masks among School Students

Introduction: Two spread methods of Covid-19, namely airborne and respiratory droplets, can be prevented by proper use of face masks. However, it has been reported an inadequate knowledge attitude and practice of proper use of face masks among school students. Therefore, the knowledge, attitude, and practice of school students should be improved. Different approaches are used to improve knowledge, attitude, and practice. However, e-posters are rare, and the effect of e-posters on improving the knowledge, attitude, and practice of school students on the proper use of face masks has not been studied. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of an e-educational poster on knowledge, attitude, and practice of the proper use of face masks among school students. Method: This study was conducted as a pre-test and post-test design. The sample was 364 grade 11 students of the Gampaha educational division, Sri Lanka. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires distributed pre and post to the interventional e-education poster. Data analyses were conducted by using SPSS Software. Results: Results show no significant demographic difference (p = 0.446) between the pre and post-test groups. A significant increase was observed between the pre and post-test mean scores of knowledge (p ≤ 0.05), attitude (p ≤ 0.05), and practice (p ≤ 0.05) on the proper use of face masks. In pre-group knowledge (p = 0.155), attitude (p = 0.258) and practice (p = 0.211) shows no significant difference due to gender. Also post group knowledge (p = 0.079), attitude (p = 0.835) and practice (p = 0.435) shows no significant difference due to gender. Conclusions: The results suggest that e-educational posters may be useful to improve the knowledge, attitude, and practice on the proper use of face masks among school students. The improvement of knowledge, attitude, and practice on the proper use of face masks by e-educational posters among school students occurs irrespective of gender.

The Educational System Against Sexually Transmitted Diseases:Optics in the Brazilian School Context

The aim of this study was to contribute to the teaching of sexually transmitted diseases(STDs)in high schools.The study was done from the research knowledge about STDs of 61 students from two schools of Rio Claro-SP,Brazil:A state and a private school,through a questionnaire(pre-test)and an interview with two biology professors,and each one from each school.The results indicated that,in general,the students in the private school had more knowledge about the subject.The public school students showed more problems with knowledge about the symptoms of STDs.In those two schools,the knowledge on the subject proved to be generic and superficial.According to the biology teachers,both of them teach about the content,and the teaching material contains themes of sexuality and STDs.From these results,an intervention was developed with students,using methods such as group dynamics and lecture dialogued lessons.After the intervention,there was an increase in the percentage of correct answers for the students of both schools(post-test)which shows that it was effective.We conclude that this work has achieved the objective of clarifying the theme to the students,but lack the schools a better dialogue with them for the planning of this content,since,although it is foreseen the your teaching,you're not going on an apprenticeship.

Evaluation of Impact of Life-planning Skills Training among Senior High School Students in Shangcai County

Objective To evaluate the impact of sex and reproductive health education using lifeplanning skills training among senior high school students in a rural county. Methods The study was conducted in three senior high schools of Shangcai County with comparable socio-cultural, economic, and demographic characteristics, two as intervention sites and one as the control. A three-month life-planning skills training course was conducted among all grade one students in the intervention schools. The baseline survey was conducted prior to the intervention, once again three months after the intervention was initiated. Data were collected through questionnaires, FGDs and 1Dis to evaluate the effect of the intervention program. Results After the intervention, the median score of reproductive health knowledge was higher in the intervention group （55.66） than that in control group （38.68）. Students from the intervention group were also more comfortable with their developmental changes which were going through, In the end line survey, 92.70% of the students in the intervention group suggested that reproductive health education should be carried out among all middle school students in Shangcai County. Multivariate analysis also indicated that peers and family had a significant effect on students＇ sex-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. Conclusion Sex and reproductive health education via provision of life-planning skills training can significantly increase students＇ sex and reproductive health knowl- edge and was welcomed by students, teachers and parents.

美国P-TECH模式下职普融通的实践模式及启示

美国P-TECH模式在职普融通实践路径上通过融合中学、大学和职场“三位一体”教学模式,使学生具备学术知识和职业技能的双重优势。在P-TECH模式下,美国实施了全方位的职业教育职普融通实践路径,主要体现在三个方面:设置“六年一贯制”课程;采用“中学—大学—职场”三位一体教学方式;构建多元协同育人模式。我国职业教育虽然发展迅速,但是职普融通发展仍面临很大的现实困境。基于美国P-TECH模式的实践经验,我国应转变观念,从职普分流向职普融通转变;政策倾斜,由普通教育向职业教育倾斜;优化课程,由单一化课程向融通式课程过渡;多方协作,由产教分离向产教融合发展。

Using Teacher Goal Boards to Promote Healthy Eating and Physical Activity among Elementary Students

Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility and understand the potential impact on elementary students’ perceptions of, and intentions related to, healthy eating and physical activity when their classroom teacher sets and shares goals related to these health behaviors. Methods: Participants in this study included 16 teachers and 229 students of grades 3 - 6 at a large elementary school in the Western United States. Participating students were surveyed before and after a six-week intervention conducted by classroom teachers that consisted of a weekly displaying of Teacher Goal Boards in a prominent classroom location and sharing of goals set for the week. Teacher reports of the previous week’s goals occurred each Monday prior to sharing and posting of new goals for the new week. Results: Respondents reported significantly higher post-test values for over half of pre-post comparisons. Respondents were more likely to intend to be physically active (post = 52.6% vs. pre = 39.0%, p = 0.003), to eat nutritious foods (52.0% vs. 36.4%, p = 0.001), and to maintain a healthy body weight (62.8% vs. 52.2%, p = 0.022). Similar results were found for summary measures. Intention to be physically active, to eat healthy, to maintain a healthy weight, as well as descriptive norms for physical activity and perception and value of personal health behaviors were all significantly higher at post-test. Discussion: This study and its findings are significant because teacher participants were able to significantly and positively impact on students’ behavioral intent, subjective norms, and perception and value of personal health behaviors amongst students without spending additional time on formal health promotion and education instruction. Conclusion: Schools should incentivize and encourage faculty and staff to engage in a variety of health behaviors to improve both personal health outcomes and role model health behaviors for students.

Evaluation of Technical Education by Using a Modern Structured MOODLE Laboratory Course, in Relation to Recent Data

E-learning platforms support education systems worldwide, transferring theoretical knowledge as well as soft skills. In the present study high-school pupils’, and adult students’ opinions were evaluated through a modern structured MOODLE interactive course, designed for the needs of the laboratory course “Automotive Systems”. The study concerns Greek secondary vocational education pupils aged 18 and vocational training adult students aged 20 to 50 years. The multistage, equal size simple random cluster sample was used as a sampling method. Pupils and adult students of each cluster completed structured 10-question questionnaires both before and after attending the course. A total of 120 questionnaires were collected. In general, our findings disclosed that the majority of pupils and adult students had significantly improved their knowledge and skills from using MOODLE. They reported strengthening conventional teaching, using the new MOODLE technology. The satisfaction indices improved quite, with the differences in their mean values being statistically significant.

Cancer: Education and Primary Prevention Starts in Childhood and Adolescence

At least one third of all newly diagnosed cancers could be prevented if lifestyle factors were changed. The University Cancer Center Dresden initiated two programs aiming at cancer awareness and intentions to engage in health-promoting behavior among children and adolescents. Study 1 examined sun protection knowledge of 80 preschool children in a non-randomized design and Study 2 inspected 235 7th grade students’ knowledge of cancer and its behavioral risk-factors as well as intentions on health-promoting behavior using a randomized pre-post design on group-level. Study 1 showed significant improvement of sun protection knowledge in preschool children (p 0.05). Study 2 was effective in increasing knowledge about risk factors for cancer (p 0.001) and in increasing intentions to engage in health-promoting behavior (p 0.001). Communicating health-related behavior in preschools as well as school-based programs targeting multiple cancer-related risk factors are promising tools for primary prevention of cancer.

对我国体育素养概念的理解——基于对Physical Literacy的解读

Physical Literacy是当前国际体育教育学者关注的研究热点,与我国体育素养概念有着相似的背景、价值、特性和发展路径。在我国体育素养概念发展存在不足的情况下,可以借鉴Physical Literacy的概念进一步推动我国体育素养概念的发展。研究旨在:1)回顾我国体育素养的概念;2)系统阐释Physical Literacy的概念,在汉语环境中解释这一概念;3)参考Physical Literacy的价值为我国学界进一步发展体育素养的概念提供经验,也为我国学校体育的发展提供启示。通过文献梳理和比较分析:1)我国体育素养的概念存在"概念失真"、价值窄化、定义不清晰和属性不明确等不足;2)Physical Literacy概念可以被翻译为"体育素养",是人类在整个生命过程中维持身体活动所需的综合能力;3)借鉴Physical Literacy的价值和理念,我国体育素养的概念可以被理解为"人类在生命过程中获得利于全人生存发展的运动要素的综合,包括体育意识、体育知识、体育行为、体育技能、体质水平"。建议进一步理解体育素养概念的价值,通过扎实的操作研究和社会行动,探索体育素养概念的深层次价值。此外,学校体育环境是发展体育素养的有效环境。